重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（18）附答案解析.doc

重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（18）（附解析）阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013西安市标准化考练，C)On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟) and the forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “Im doing the best that I can，” the hummingbird replies.“Its such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the worlds environmental problems. “Theres always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since then, shes realized that peoples values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good actions will follow.“If you dont have good values, youll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” Thats the message of her new book.In 1971, Maathai received a doctors degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest university in Kenya. Shes now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to call it after me，” she says.WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with the people，” says Maathai.Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.文章大意：本文是一篇报道。保护环境人人有责，文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai保护环境的一些具体活动以及她关于保护环境的一些看法。1Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?AIt can create water from its beak.BIt helps the other animals run away.CIt tries its best to put out the fire.DIt finds out a way to save the forest.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中“Im doing the best that I can”和第三段“. thinking of the worlds environmental problems. Theres always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的原因是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。2Those who work for GBM are mainly _.Aenvironmental experts Bwomen villagersCpeople who had good values Dpeople who love birds答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“. which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。3Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?AShe is from Japan.BShe received a Nobel Prize.CShe is a university teacher.DShe has always raised the hummingbird.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。4According to Wangari Maathai, _.Agood actions lead to good valuesBpeoples values influence their actionsCeverybody has a possibility to develop vicesDpeople who have bad values may have good actions答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，如果你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014江西八校联考)The forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japans energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the worlds largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBWorlds largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%.BBelow 1%.CAround 30%.DOver 80%.3According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs_.Aa change of rules Bfinancial support Clocal peoples helpDhigh technology4Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by_.AYoshiyasu Takefuji BHideaki MatsuiCShigeto Yamada DYoko Ono5It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that_.Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。1解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：B3解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。答案：A4解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：B5解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案：C（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some time in their lives，and to do so is not only probably quite sensible，too.In some sense，the feeling of anxiety is like a signal to us that we need to take action.If we are walking alone down a dark street and start to feel anxious，we might think，“This is getting frightening.I think Ill nip into the pub and call a cab.” so we will do something to get ourselves somewhere safe.If we have an exam coming up，we are likely to start feeling anxious.We might think，“I cant pretend its not happening.Ive got to revise or Ill totally mess up.” Once again，anxiety can guide us to behave in a way that is in our best interests.However，anxiety can also imprison us.It stops us from doing what we would like to do and living our life fully.Feeling anxious is undoubtedly a fact of life，so our goal is not to live an anxietyfree life but to live our life with acceptable levels of anxiety in a full way.Anxiety can be abnormal when it starts to take over our thinking processes and our lives，and makes it difficult for us to function.It is likely that people who experience extreme and upsetting levels of continual anxiety are suffering from a disorder called Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD)The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.Other symptoms include finding it difficult to control the worry，getting easily tired，difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbance.People with GAD tend to worry about the same kinds of things as people without GADonly they fall into worrying more easily and tend to spend more time worrying.Research suggests that our worry tends to cluster around particular themes including our health，finances，relationships，family，work and finally，worry about worrying.Some worries are realistic(“real event” worries)For example，if I worry about the size of my credit card bill，then this problem exists and my worry arises from a real problem.Some worries are about things that may never happen(“hypothetical event” worries)Sometimes，real event worries spiral(螺旋形上升) into hypothetical event worries.For example，“My neighbors are noisy” could spiral into “Ill never be able to sell the house.Ill be stuck here for ever.”Even though you may always have tended to worry，you can still learn to understand it and get on the top of it.Extreme worry is not a part of your personality，and its not something that you should accept as unavoidable.1According to the passage，a person with GAD may .Atry to do something to get himself somewhere safeBfocus his mind fully on what he is determined to doCbe anxious about one special thing for a long timeDbe continuously worrying about some particular things2It can be inferred from the passage that .AGAD can hardly be cured once one suffers from itBanxiety actually has both positive and negative sidesCmost people have experienced different levels of GADDhypothetical event worries are mostly from real event worries3The difference between people with GAD and normal people lies in .Awhether they feel worriedBwhat they worry aboutChow they experience anxietyDwhy they get into anxiety4Which would be the proper title for the passage?AAnxiety：Learn to Understand ItBGAD：Learn to Keep Away from ItCHow to Get Rid of Your AnxietyDHow to Distinguish Anxiety from GAD1D细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.”可知，GAD的一个重要特征就是人们长期对很多事情表现出焦虑和忧虑，D项符合原文。2B推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“In some sense，the feeling of anxiety is like a signal to us that we need to take action.”和最后一句“Once again，anxiety can guide us to behave in a way that is in our best interests.”可知，焦虑可以指导我们采取对我们最有利的行为，这是它积极的(positive)方面。根据第二段第一句“However，anxiety can also imprison us.”可知，焦虑同时也束缚着我们，说明它具有消极的(negative)方面。故选B项。3C细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some time in their lives.”和第四段第一句“The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.”可知，正常的人和患有广泛性焦虑症的人的不同在于焦虑度的不同，故选C项。4A标题归纳题。通读全文，文章一开始指出了焦虑是每个人都会体验的感受，接着细述了焦虑对人们生活的积极和消极的影响，最后一段指出“Even though you may always have tended to worry，you can still learn to understand it and get on the top of it.”可知，作者希望读者能了解焦虑，从而能够成功地化解焦虑。因此，全文主题是介绍焦虑、学会了解焦虑，故选A项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2015福建)Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的) suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because youre dropping “you”So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mindor the minds of those close to ususually says we cant.That isnt a reason to stop; its just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release_from_