（考前辅导）中考英语考能提升写作高分课堂（二）人教新目标版.docx

命题作文点拨掌握命题特点，了解中考中常考的各种类型的命题作文，掌握技能和技巧，写出高分命题作文。重点：审清题目，选择合适的材料进行组织。难点：如何进行巧妙的构思，写出高质量的命题作文。命题作文在中考中所占的比重很大，绝大多数省份的中考英语都是命题作文。它往往给考生提供了写作思路，相对容易，使考生觉得有话可说。难点在于如何把材料整合或构思出优质素材，使得文章思路清晰，语言表达准确。如何写出高分命题作文命题作文是依据所给题目，确定中心，选择材料，写出符合题意，内容表达具体、充分的文章。写命题作文通常要注意以下几点： 1. 审准题目文章的中心要通过对题目的分析来确定，一定要弄清主题的内涵，确立与文章联系的主题思想，表达不能游离于主题之外，否则即使内容再精彩，也是“跑题”作文，得分将会大打折扣。因此，写命题作文最重要的是先审清题目，确立要表现的中心。如：某英文报以An Unforgettable Day（难忘的一天）为题，面向中学生开展征文活动，请你写一篇短文参加此次活动。内容包括：哪一天让你感到难忘；什么事（开心的、伤心的或是有特别意义的）让你感到那天难忘；那一天你经历了什么；那天的经历对你有什么影响或者你有什么感受。解读：分析题目可知，这是一篇叙事性短文,记述自己难忘的一件事情。首先，明确时态要用一般过去时；其次，要知道文章的中心应该围绕“难忘”展开，这就是文章表现的中心，即重点要叙述这件事，比如这件事发生的时间、地点、涉及的人物、事情的经过等等，在叙述的过程中要想方设法突出其难忘性。如有一篇范文是这样写的：Ill never forget June 11th, 2014. （开门见山点题）It was a sunny day. On the way to school, my friend did something rude to me. It made me sad. Whats worse, I got a “C” in my favorite subject. （先简要描述了那天遇到的不好的事，欲扬先抑）After school, I went home unhappily. It was dark in the room. Suddenly the lights were on and I heard the song “Happy birthday”. I was surprised to see many people and a big cake. “Oh, its my birthday.” I was so excited and happy. It was my first time to have a birthday party. （重点叙述生日的惊喜）Ill never forget that day. （首尾呼应）2. 构思结构就是开放思路，启动联想，构想表现形式，勾勒出文章的结构层次，依次写出引言段、主题句、发展段和结尾句，努力使之新颖、别致。比如下面一道题目：上学期间，学校的某些场所一定给你留下了美好的记忆，如教室、阅览室、操场等。某英文报纸正以“My Favorite Place at School”为题征文，请你投稿。描述一个你最喜欢的地方，并请说明原因。提示词语：classroom, reading-room, playground, bright, quiet, large, help, improve解读：分析题目“My Favorite Place at School”可知，该题是一个开放性的命题作文。文章应该按照“最喜欢的地方自己的活动原因”的顺序来进行。首先应该确定你最喜欢的地方，可以用My favorite place at school is作为引言段；然后应该描述你在这个地方的活动，这是发展段；最后叙述原因。3. 选择材料这一点很重要，一定要围绕想表现的中心去选择组织材料，所选的材料必须典型精要。如湖北黄冈的一道考题：俗话说：“予人玫瑰，手留余香。”在我们的日常生活中，我们会遇到各种困难，因此，我们会需要他人的帮助；但同时，我们也要学会帮助他人。其实，帮助他人就是在帮助自己。请你结合身边的事例，以“帮助”为话题，用英语写一篇短文。注意：无须写标题，开头已经给出，但不计入总词数；文中要结合你帮助别人或别人帮助你的一件事例；文中不得透露任何个人和学校的真实信息；词数在80词左右。解读：这是一篇以“帮助”为话题的命题作文。选材一定要围绕帮助别人为中心进行组织材料，选材必须具有典型性，即真实地反映中学生的学习与生活。写作在选材时严禁大而空，必须从生活出发，真实反映一件身边的小事即可，可以是你帮助同学学习英语，也可以是帮助受伤的同学等。4. 表达就是用最确切明了的语言贯穿材料，表达自己的思想，力争用符合英语语法规则，英语表达习惯，最顺畅自然的词、句、段去表达中心思想。 亲爱的同学，你的初中学习生活马上就要结束了，请你以“My English Study”为题，谈一下三年来学习英语的心得体会。1. 要点包括：你在英语学习中所遇到的困难、解决的办法以及学习感悟；2. 字数要求：不少于80词。My English Study_. 参考范文：My English StudyHow time flies! My three-year middle school life will be over soon. Looking back I have many memories of my English study.When I entered the middle school, I had so many difficulties with my English. I was not able to understand the teacher in class, and I couldnt master the words and phrases. For a time I wanted to give it up. Later, with the help of the teacher and my classmates, I listened to the teacher carefully in class, kept on reading English every day and spoke English as much as possible. Step by step I made great progress in English.In a word, only when you develop interest in studying English can you learn it well.情景作文点拨要求考生能根据图画或提示信息，展开想象，恰当地运用英语表达自己的思想。重点：一定要做到切中题意，不要遗漏要点。难点：如何根据提示内容正确表述是个难点。做好布局谋篇，不要只是简单句子的罗列。情景作文在中考中占有一定的比重，它对考生的要求较高，必须在准确理解图画信息或提示的基础上组织材料，准确表达其中的寓意。情景作文并不是传统意义上的命题作文，它是一种指导性或辅助性写作，题目可有可无。所谓指导性写作就是要求有必要的说明，对写作的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等情景给予简单的提示。情景可以通过图画、图表等形式来提供。图画作文的注意事项：1. 认真读图，把握中心。一般说来，所给的几幅图都是围绕一个中心展开的。它们讲述的通常是一个小故事或小事件，这个小故事或小事件就是这组图画所要表达的中心。2. 初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。在把握了文章的中心后，应在心里构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。这是体现自身能力的重要一环。3. 连词成句，然后再连句成文。运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。4. 反复审核，修改错误。一篇文章写好后，应进行检查，看短文中是否有错，如拼写、用词、时态、语态、人称及表达方面的错误。还应着重看短文是否扣住了图画的内容，要点是否有遗漏。5. 宜详则详，该略则略。对于一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的，在写作过程中是不可将其忽略的。如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。据此，我们在读图时一定要注意阅读各图中的一些细节内容，看其是否影响文章的内容。6. 注意所给的汉语提示。一般说来，看图写话中的汉语提示往往给定了有关的时间、地点、人物等相关信息，有的还规定了文章所采用的体裁，如使用书信、留言、日记等。因此，在审题时我们一定要注意所给的汉语提示。常用句型： I was walking in a park whenhappened. I find it hard for me to In my opinion, I think The picture tells us 【考题链接】（南京中考）上周日在秦淮河边发生了张明救落水小男孩的事情，请根据以下四幅图所描述的事情经过，为校刊的英语园地写一篇题为“A Brave Young Man”的英文稿件。注意：1. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3. 词数80词左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。A Brave Young ManIt was a nice day last Sunday. _【写作指导】本篇书面表达是一篇看图作文，主人公是张明和一个落水小男孩。首先，根据提示句“It was a nice day last Sunday.”确定要用一般过去时，然后，根据四幅图列出每幅图的主要内容：Picture l: Zhang Ming was fishing by the river.A little boy went to play nearby.Picture 2: The little boy was falling into the water.Picture 3: Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately.Picture 4: Other people came to offer help.The boy was saved.最后，再把这些主要内容用适当的连接词连接成文。One possible versionA Brave Young ManIt was a nice day last Sunday. Zhang Ming was fishing by the Qinhuai River when a little boy went to play nearby. Suddenly, Zhang Ming heard someone shouting for help. He looked around and found that the little boy was falling into the water.It was very dangerous. Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately. He tried his best to pull the boy out of the river. At that time other people came to offer help. Finally, the boy was saved and he was very grateful. People all said Zhang Ming was very brave and helpful. We should learn from him.图表作文写作指导图表作文是以文字结合图表作为写作信息提示的一种写作形式。该题型要求考生根据提供的图表和文字提示，用英文完成书面表达任务。1. 要认真解读图表，切勿遗漏重要数据信息和细节提示，不必每个细节都涉及，但重要信息必须提到。2. 图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时。3. 图表种类有：表格、曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。4. 结论性的表达要按部就班地从图表、数据等信息分析、归纳而来，这样才能使语言更有说服力，切忌主观判断，更不能主观臆造，避免“I think / believe”等类似句式使用。5. 图表作文的结构通常是三段式：第一段：分析图表中的数据变化反映出来的问题或趋势，简要概述图表所揭示的信息；第二段：分析原因；第三段：提出解决问题的办法或建议。“世界无烟日（Non-smoking Day）”那天，某中学对该校学生的吸烟情况进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请就此话题用英语写一篇短文。要求：1. 对调查结果进行描述；2. 表明自己的看法并提出建议；3. 所写内容符合“世界无烟日”的主题；提示词：do a survey about（做一个有关的调查）3% of the students（百分之三的学生）A survey about smokers in a middle school tells that although 90% of all students never smoke, 3% of them often smoke and 7% sometimes do. In other words, 10% of the students smoke. Thats terrible.As we know, smoking is harmful to our health. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of it. Smoking not only does harm to your health, but also wastes money. Because, a fire may be caused by cigarette ends. Its a pity to learn that one ends in death by smoking.In all, smoking is so dangerous that we should keep away from it.写作注意事项1. 了解写作过程中的常见错误，并用英语思维写作；2. 如何利用所学知识写出亮点句子；3. 常见写作句式及有用谚语。重点：转变思维方式，写出地道的英语。难点：真正地辨析英汉两种语言的差异。写作能力是体现考生英语水平的一个重要方面，是中考的必考题之一，通常占据15分。然而，受汉语思维的影响，许多学生不能写出地道的英语句子，不知道如何写出高质量的英语作文。在作文中，常见的语法错误较多，失分也较多。一、常见写作错误及解决策略1. 审题不清有些学生不认真审题，不认真分析所给材料的重点和主题，丢三落四，要点不全。疏忽重点情节的表述，将其细枝末节大肆渲染，甚至画蛇添足，无中生有。故而造成离题、偏题。解决策略：书面表达题前都有说明，明确指出所写材料的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容、长度等，同学们必须看清说明，弄清题旨，努力做到根据指令审题，抓住要点写作文。这里最需要的是耐心和细致。2. 逻辑紊乱有的学生在写作之前没有明晰思路，没能想好先写什么后写什么，哪些内容应该详写，哪些内容应该略写，而是一边写一边构思，东拉西扯，写不到点子上，从而导致整个文章逻辑不清，结构松散，层次感不强，整篇文章不知所云。解决策略：对所提供的情景要作分析，先写什么，后写什么，应作统筹安排，既不能按中文说明逐句翻译，更不能颠三倒四，语无伦次。要力求做到层次清楚，文理通顺。在表达的过程中，善于抓住表达的关键词语，正确使用过渡的关连词，使文章自然地承上启下，脉络清晰。3. 表达有误主谓不一致And now many rivers becomes very dirty. And now many rivers become very dirty. Everything are going very well. Everything is going very well. David with his little brother go to the park every Sunday. David with his little brother goes to the park every Sunday. There are a man teacher and two women teachers in the office. There is a man teacher and two women teachers in the office.时态语态问题Her mother jumped into the lake and swimed to Joy. At last her mother saved Joy. They were all got wet. Her mother jumped into the lake and swam to Joy. At last her mother saved Joy. They all got wet. Toms mother jumped into the water. She saves her daughter at last.Toms mother jumped into the water. She saved her daughter at last.On Tree Planting Day, many trees planted in Yongan Park.On Tree Planting Day, many trees were planted in Yongan Park.The 29th Olympic Games will hold in China.The 29th Olympic Games will be held in China.Chinglish 现象Last Sunday, Ann with her mother and brother went to a park. The park with a lake. Last Sunday, Ann went to a park with her mother and brother. There was a lake in the park. I and my classmates by bus to Dayang Foreign Language School. My classmates and I took a bus to Dayang Foreign Language School.行文的逻辑性问题At once, she jumped into the water to save her daughter with her mothers help. At once, she jumped into the water to save her daughter. But she wasnt careful, so that she fell into the river. She wasnt careful, and she fell into the river.句子结构错误Dont nervous.Dont be nervous.Her teacher tells her study hard.Her teacher tells her to study hard.解决策略：同学们要掌握一定量的词汇，精通大纲中要求掌握的词法、句法知识，从词与词组入手，训练自己的组句能力。平时培养用英语思维和口头表达的交际能力，注意与汉语表达不同的地方，多归纳。在应试过程中，对于写不出来的单词，应设法避难就易，寻找替代词（同义词、反义词）。我们来看一篇学生习作，来找一找文中出现了哪些错误：Dear my teacher,Leaving youlovely junior school life, I have so many words from my heart to say.Since you became my English teacher three years ago, youve always been working hard. I wont forget how interested your lessons are and how friendly you are. Youre strict with us in study and also take care for us kindly. All my classmates agree we get on well with each other for these years. I still remember when I fail in an exam, you encouraged me keep trying. When I had trouble in life, you told me to be brave. Because of your help, many students, including me, am more and more interested in English and make much prograss, too. You have given me so much.Thank you again for what youve done for us! All the best to you! Yours, 学生习作中有一些错误需要指出，具体情况如下：单词用法错误。形容课堂有趣应该用形容词interesting。搭配错误。照顾应表达为“take care of”。时态错误。通过语境分析可知，“考试不及格”发生在过去，故将fail改为其过去式failed。encourage后接不定式作宾补，即encourage sb. to do sth.，故将keep改为to keep。该句的主语是many students，故be动词应改为are。单词拼写错误，应将prograss改为progress。4. 不注意英文书写在做英文写作题时，学生往往把注意力集中在表达上，常常忽视了书写质量，如出现断句，不注意大小写，书写潦草等。秀丽的字体、整洁的卷面会使人赏心悦目，产生良好的心理感受，即使有些错误，也可能不多扣分。反之，书写潦草，卷面邋遢，会使阅卷人心烦意乱，反感油然而生，哪怕错误不多，也可能得不到应得的分数。解决策略：在应试时，考生要严格按照材料的要求，在心里或在草稿纸上“排好版”，拟好草稿，誊写时应写好每一个单词，标好每一个标点，切不可写得词不成形，句不成行，随意改动。二、如何写出亮点句子1. 词汇选择标新立异在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用得贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一个，也会使你的作文与众不同。如：在周末我们做很多作业。A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.分析：B句在表达时没有使用过于直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless。endless就是由大纲词汇end加后缀-less变化来的。父母希望我们努力学习。A: Our parents wish us to work hard.B: Our parents wish us to put our heart into study. 青少年都喜欢电脑。A: The teenagers like the computers.B: The teenagers are fond of the computers. 我们不应该吃垃圾食品。A: We shouldnt eat junk food.B: We should stay away from the junk food.2. 结构造句与众不同在造句时，既要使句子生动，又要使其简明扼要。（1）使用与众不同的表达方式，特别是打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。如：唐山曾发生过一次大地震。A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan.B: A terrible earthquake hit / struck Tangshan.分析：大多数同学使用了there be结构，这是对的，但是B句却摒弃了常见句式，另辟蹊径，使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构，且使用了terrible, hit / strike这样的词汇，更是难能可贵的。（2）使用一些强势句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力。如：我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.（一般陈述句）B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well！（感叹句）分析：B句使用了感叹句，使句子更加生动，更加形象地反映出我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人时的激动心情。（3）句式多样,复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、并列句与复合句共用，还可使用简化句等。如：这是一套25平方米的住房，住房里面有卧室、洗澡间、厨房；卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。A: Its a flat of 25 square meters. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.B: Ita flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.分析：B句使用了介词with，使得句式更加简单，避免了句式重复。注意：在有把握的情况下，同学们可以参照上文多写一些亮点句子，但是在考试时切记一定要写有把握的句子，句子正确是前提。如果为了使作文出彩而写出一些错句，那样就更加得不偿失了。现在养宠物狗已成为很多人生活中的一部分，请你写一篇短文谈一谈对养宠物狗的看法，内容须含利弊两方面。提示：1. 养宠物狗可给人带来快乐，消减孤独与烦恼，陪伴并帮助家人解决一些困难等。2. 养宠物狗会占用很多时间。宠物狗有一定危险性，有时会伤害孩子。另外，它会给家人和邻居带来噪音，污染周围环境等。注意：不要将上述所给的提示直接译成英文，要适当发挥或调整。词数约80词左右。（句首已给出的部分不计入总词数）How Do You Like Pet Dogs?Every morning, we can see many kinds of pet dogs led by the persons who walk around. Pet dogs have become a part of their lives. I think_【审题指导】1. 细读所给的文字提示，提取信息：这是一篇谈论养宠物狗利弊的议论文，要求考生全面分析，写出利弊；应该根据提示内容适当发挥，不要逐一翻译，可进行适当的调整使句意完整。2. 以第三人称为主。3. 该文是在谈论时下某一行为的利弊，应该用一般现在时。【写作指导】养宠物狗的利弊要点提示素材串联养宠物狗的益处（1）给人们带来乐趣（bring lots of pleasure）（2）让人们减少孤独和无聊（send us warmth.）（3）帮助家人解决一些问题（solve some problems）（4）是我们的好朋友（our good friends）养宠物狗的弊端（1）花费人们大量时间（plenty of time）（2）有时危险，伤害孩子和他人（hurt children and other people）（3）制造噪音（much noise）（4）污染环境（pollute the environment）【参考范文及点评】 How Do You Like Pet Dogs? Every morning, we can see many kinds of pet dogs led by the persons who walk around. Pet dogs have become a part of their lives. I think keeping pet dogs can bring lots of pleasure to people. Sometimes, pet dogs can make people less lonely and bored, especially for the old. And they can also help the families who feed them solve some problems. They are really our good friends. But everything has two sides. It always takes us plenty of time to keep them. Sometimes, they hurt children and other people, so its dangerous. Besides, they can bring us and neighborhood much noise. Polluting the environment is also a serious problem. 动名词作主语，简化了句式，彰显了作者写作技巧。动词bring，make和help使用得十分恰当，形象地说明了宠物狗的可爱及用途。especially用于强调，加深了读者对后面名词的认识。该句是由who引导的定语从句，彰显了作者驾驭从句的能力和扎实的语言功底。使用格言点出任何事物都有利弊，形象生动，通俗易懂，增强了文章的可读性。句型“It takes sb. some time to sth.”使用恰当，形象地说明了养宠物狗花费人们时间的特征。连词so常用于议论文中，用于佐证自己的观点。besides及后面的句子，采用了不同的句式论证宠物狗的弊端，使得文章跌宕起伏，增强了可读性。（答题时间：30分钟）1请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。背 景1. 认为上中学时吃好的穿好的是应该的；2. 走向社会后没有感恩意识。学会感恩1. 感谢社会提供良好的教育机会；2. 感谢父母供养自己上学；3. 感谢老师传授知识；4. 感谢朋友的支持与鼓励。参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为要求：1. 短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2. 演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；3. 词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Learn to Express ThanksGood morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. _ In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.Thank you for your listening!2随着时代的发展，我们的生活将会发生许多变化，下面三幅图片所描绘的情景有可能在未来的生活中变为现实，同学们可结合图片，发挥想象，展望未来的生活，以“Life in the Future”为题，用英文写一篇6080字的短文（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。要求：书写规范，语法正确，语句通顺，主题鲜明（也可不受所给图片的限制）As time goes by, there are going to be big changes in our everyday lives. For example, _3著名作家Francis Bacon曾说过：“Reading makes a full man.”可见，阅读对于每个人的成长都有着举足轻重的作用。请你根据以下信息提示，结合自己的观点，以“Reading Makes a Full Man” 为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，表达你对阅读的看法和计划。 要求：句子结构准确，要点齐全，内容合理，篇章结构连贯。1Learn to Express ThanksGood morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they dont show any sense of thanks.