中考英语复习专题十九任务型阅读第7讲五选五阅读表达.docx

专题十九 任务型阅读第7讲（上）2016北京西城二模五选五教学目标1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差refusev. 拒绝replyv.回应a amount of大量的the amount of 的数量complainv.抱怨，诉苦burst into突然进入（某种状态）burst into tears突然大哭do sb. a favor帮某人一个忙reviewv.复习at present目前，现在honestadj.诚实的limitn.限度，限制长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help although I didnt have much time left for her.（优*良*差*）_句意：Grace真的一直都在学习方面很努力而且需要我的帮助尽管我没有很多时间留给她。本句是一个由although引导的让步状语从句，although“虽然，尽管”。2. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.（优*良*差*）_句意：对于一名今年六月份将要参加一次重要考试的初三学生来说，这是很糟糕的。本句中包含着一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰a junior 3 student。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题： 5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”语篇精讲浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项ABut I still have homework left and I wanted to sleepBIf anyone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!”CI felt completely relaxed when I heard her replyDStudying is more important than other thingsEI still try my best to help others通读文章话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文2705-7分钟_/5Learn to RefuseBelieve it or not, Ive always been a people pleaser. I often put others before myself because I want to make my friends happy. _ (1). “Can you help me with English practice?” Grace asked me on the first day after she became my desk mate. “Of course,” I replied without hesitation (犹豫). Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help although I didnt have much time left for her. One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Graces phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. _ (2). This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June. Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. _ (3), so Grace has to come the second. Its now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, its up to you,” she said. _ (4). Anyway, its not so hard to say no at all. To be honest, I have felt much happier since learning to refuse. I have more time to spend on my study at present. _ (5), but sometimes I say no because I know everyone has a limit.A. But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleepB. If anyone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!”C. I felt completely relaxed when I heard her replyD. Studying is more important than other thingsE. I still try my best to help others逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要通过讲述发生在作者身上的一个故事，告诉我们应该学会拒绝这个道理。1. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“我经常把别人放在我自己前面，因为我想使我的朋友快乐”，这是我的习惯，所以后文应该是对这个习惯的具体解释，浏览选项可知答案为B，意为“如果任何人向我寻求帮助，我总是说好的”。答案：B2. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。空格前句意为“当Grace挂断了电话，已经凌晨00:15了”，这个时间点应该是睡觉的时间了，浏览选项可知应选A，意为“我想睡觉了，但是我仍然有作业要做”，这与前句为转折关系，到了睡觉的时间，但是却还有作业要做。答案：A3. 解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。空格后句意为“所以Grace必须是第二位的”，那么空格前应该是说明为什么Grace必须是第二位的，浏览选项可知应该选D，意为“学习比其它事更重要”，所以学习是第一位的，Grace是第二位的。答案：D4. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“好吧，由你决定”她说。这是Grace对我的回复，浏览选项可知应该选C，意为“当我听到她的回复，我感觉是完全放松的”。答案：C5. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。空格后句意为“但是有时候我说不，因为我知道每个人都有一个限度”，这里的关键词but证明前面的句子应该与后面的句子意思相反，浏览选项可知应该选E，意为“我仍然尽我最大努力去帮助其他人”。答案：E精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）并列逻辑1、4、转折逻辑2、5指代逻辑因果逻辑3总分逻辑能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义v.拒绝replyv.a amount ofv.抱怨，诉苦burst intodo sb. a favorv.复习at presentadj.诚实的limitn.二、句子英汉互译1. 她突然哭起来，跑出了厨房。_.2. 你能帮帮我吗？_.3. Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help although I didnt have much time left for her._.4. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June._.5. The system wastes a large amount of water. _.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文2275-7分钟_/5Just in Time!Come on, Sasha, my father shouted, Put the book down and get your clarinet(竖笛). We have to leave now if you dont want to miss class.Clarinet class? I thought to myself. 1. Yes, I would like to miss class. Coming! 2. I got out of the bed and picked up my clarinet and rushed to the car.My dad started the engine and we drove off. Hope you have a wonderful class, dad said. In my dreams, I spoke very quietly. Not again, dad said angrily.I looked out of the window. 3. Car traffic, I said under my breath with a big smile. This is my lucky day because I am going to miss class.While we were waiting for the cars to start driving again, I was sitting in my car seat, singing a song. 4. Whats important is that I was going to miss class. Great! 10 minutes passed, I said excitedly. My dad looked at me angrily. The car started to move.Finally, my dad took a deep breath. We got there and I had only missed a few minutes of class. 5_Just in time, Sasha. I was thinking you might be getting worried that you were going to miss class, my teacher made a joke on meknowing well that I hated Clarinet class!A. Unhappily, I went into the classroom.B. Oh, right, I had clarinet class.C. Anyway, thats not important.D. I shouted at the top of my voice.E. I saw what was happening outside.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义refusev. 拒绝replyv.回应a amount of大量的complainv.抱怨，诉苦burst into突然进入（某种状态）do sb. a favor帮某人一个忙reviewv.复习at present目前，现在honestadj.诚实的limitn.限度，限制二、句子英汉互译。1. She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen. 2. Can you do me a favor?3. Grace真的一直都在学习方面很努力而且需要我的帮助尽管我没有很多时间留给她。4. 对于一名今年六月份将要参加一次重要考试的初三学生来说，这是很糟糕的。5. 这套系统浪费了大量的水。阅读练习1. B 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. A第7讲（下）2016北京西城二模阅读表达教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差privateadj.私有的，私人的presidentn.总统opinionn.意见，主张recordv.记录，记载behavev.表现n. behaviorcrazyadj.疯狂的politicaladj.政治的bitev.咬，叮过去式：bit过去分词：bittenamazingadj.令人惊异的even if虽然，即使长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Some felt it made him look like one of us glad to record a moment with his “mates”. Others felt the head of state behaved like a crazy teenager.（优*良*差*）_句意：一些人感觉这件事使他看起来像我们中的一员乐于记录和他的“伙伴”在一起的时刻。其他人感觉这个国家领导者表现的就像一个疯狂的青少年。本句中包含着一个中考高频句型“someothers”，意为“一些另一些”。2. Theres celebrity (名人) culture unless youre being noticed, youre nobody.（优*良*差*）_句意：这是名人文化除非你被关注，否则你什么人都不是。本句中包含着一个由unless引导的条件状语从句，翻译时要注意。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步认真审题，读懂题意做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步快速浏览，掌握大意明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步细读题目，完成任务泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步复读文章，核实任务完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在2015年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.（2017.1北京朝阳期末）问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项1What could Kim Kardashian be called?2Do politicians have to be very careful with selfies?3What happened when Todd Fassler tried to take a selfie with a snake? 4According to the passage, why do the celebrities take selfies?5Do you think the selfie is good? Why?通读寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级社会现象类记叙文3936-8分钟_/5Crazy about selfiesSince the 2014 Oscars ceremony selfie (自拍) of Bradley Cooper stormed the Internet, it seems that every one shows great interest. And now people are sharing even their most private moments. TV star Kim Kardashian could be called “the queen of the selfie”. Shes turned hundreds of her selfies into a book at every possible moment, in all poses. If Kardashian is the queen, then you could say Barack Obama is the king. But though Kardashian has nothing to lose by sharing too much, the same cant be said of the US president. Politicians have to be careful with selfies. The photo he took at the funeral (葬礼) of Nelson Mandela divided public opinions. Some felt it made him look like one of us glad to record a moment with his “mates”. Others felt the head of state behaved like a crazy teenager. Unfortunately for the US congressman (国会议员) Anthony Weiner, his habit of sending his private selfies to women killed his political career (事业). Being crazy about selfies can also harm your health. Todd Fassler from California ended up in hospital after he found a snake he tried to take a selfie with it. The animal wasnt interested in the idea and bit him.Why do we take so many selfies? Dr. Terri Apter, from Cambridge University, told the Daily Telegraph: “We all like the idea of being in control of our image and getting attention, being part of the culture. Theres celebrity (名人) culture unless youre being noticed, youre nobody. You have to get enough attention and show