2018_2019版高中英语Unit3AmazingpeoplePeriodFourProject讲义牛津译林.docx

Period FourProject.重点单词1voyage n航行；(尤指)航海，航天2orbit n轨道；vt.沿轨道运行，围绕运动3desire n愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望4apply vi.申请；vt.使用，应用5candidate n候选人；申请人6survival n幸存，存活survive v生存，挺过(难关)7status n地位，身份8superior n上级，上司；adj.更好的，更高的9quality n品质；质量10optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的11indeed adv.的确，确实.重点短语1be in control (of sth.)掌管，控制(某物)2go down载入(历史)，流传下去3be proud of为感到骄傲4look up to敬佩5live ones dream实现某人的梦想.重点句式1not only.but also.不但而且They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，而且还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。2强调句型Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.虽然杨利伟并非在每个单项测试中都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。.课文阅读理解1The sentence “He had worked towards this achievement for many years.” in the first paragraph is used .Ato tell us his hard work as an astronautBto generalize the main idea of the first paragraphCas an introduction sentence to the following paragraphsDas a suggestion that hard work leads to success答案C2What do we know about Yang Liwei?AHe wasnt good at science lessons as a child.BHe became an astronaut upon graduation from flight school.CHe worked as a pilot after his graduation.DYang Liwei got the best scores in each test before the space adventure.答案C3The author mentions “Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard” (in the last paragraph) in order to show .AYang Liweis high successBYang Liwei made the greatest contributions to spaceCYuri Gagarin was the first astronaut to fly into spaceDAlan Shepard was the first astronaut to fly into space答案A4The author writes this passage in order to .Atell us the experiences as an astronautBgive us another example of an astronautCteach us how to be an astronautDshow us how Yang Liwei achieved success答案D.课文阅读填空IntroductionThe 1.voyage took Yang Liwei 600,000 kilometres in orbit and made him Chinas first 2.astronaut in space.Yangs childhoodHe 3.desired to fly when he was a young boy.He loved science and technology from a young age.Yangs way to 4successHe 5.joined the army and became a pilot in 1987.In 1998，he 6.applied to be a member of Project 921.The 14 members spent the next five years being 7.trained.He took all kinds of tests to prove he was one of the three who were fit for the Chinese space 8adventure.His superiors were 9.optimistic that he would succeed.Results of Yangs explorationHis name will go down in history.Chinese will take 10.pride in him.Young people can regard him as an example.重点词汇1He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.他总是怀着强烈的愿望想学习如何飞行。desire n.欲望，愿望；vt.渴望，期望，向往have a/no desire for sth./to do sth.有/没有得到某物/做某事的愿望satisfy ones desire满足某人的愿望desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事注意：desire后接同位语从句或宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)do”。(1)He has a strong desire for power.他有强烈的权力欲望。(2)We desire to live in peace with our neighbours.我们希望与邻居和平相处。(3)She desired her daughter to be a teacher.她希望女儿当老师。(4)We desire that you (should) complete the work within 45 days.我们希望你在45天内完成这项工作。单项填空(5)Sometimes，while living in a foreign country，one a special dish from home.Awishes BdesiresCcooks Dbrings答案B解析句意为：有时，当一个人住在国外时，就会渴望吃到家乡的特色菜。wish表示“希望，想要”，是不及物动词；desire渴望；cook烹饪；bring带来。根据句意选B。2In 1998，he applied to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shenzhou.1998年，他申请成为“921计划”(现名“神舟计划”)的成员。(1)apply vi.申请；vt.使用，应用apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply sth.to sth.把应用于apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/专心于(做)某事(2)application n申请(1)She plans to apply for a job in that company.她计划在那个公司申请一份工作。(2)We should apply our knowledge to work.我们应该把我们的知识应用于工作中。(3)You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to studying.如果专心学习你就会通过考试。(4)His application was rejected，which made him very sad.他的申请被拒绝了，这使他很难过。(5)We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我们致力于找到解决问题的办法。3Yang was described by his superiors as hardworking and always in control of himself.杨利伟的上司将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦、始终能够自控的人。superior n.上级，上司；adj.更好的，更高的，品质优良的；高傲的be superior to.比高明/高级be superior in.在方面占优势注意：superior本身含有比较的意味，因此无比较等级，如表示比较，后面加介词to。(1)Your computer is far superior to mine.你的电脑比我的好多了。(2)The enemy were superior in numbers.敌人在数量上占优势。in control of.掌管，控制in the control of.由掌握/控制under control(被)控制住，处于控制之下beyond control无法控制out of control不受控制lose control of失去对的控制(3)Only an experienced teacher could get the children under control.只有一位有经验的老师才能管教住这些孩子。(4)The government has lost control of the situation.政府已经无法控制形势了。句型转换(5)The nurse is in control of the patient.The patient is in the control of the nurse.单项填空(6)The car was and knocked into a tree.Ain control Bout of controlCin the control Dunder control答案B解析be out of control失去控制。故选B项。4Because of these qualities，they were optimistic he would be successful.因为这些品质，他的领导对于他将会成功持乐观态度。(1)quality n质量；品质；品德of high/good/top quality质量高of low/bad/poor quality质量差(2)quantity n数量(1)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are used for cooking.每天他确保新鲜蔬菜和高质量的食用油用于烹调。(2)What matters is quality rather than quantity.重要的是质量而不是数量。(3)Our products are of high/good/top quality.我们的产品质量好。(4)This product looks nice，but poor in quality.这种产品表面看起来很好，质量却很差。optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的be optimistic(5)We should be optimistic about our future no matter what happens.不管发生什么事情，我们都应该对未来持乐观态度。(6)The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.专家对我们的成功持乐观态度。5The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei，and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.中国人民以杨利伟而自豪，全世界的年轻人也会把他视为努力实现梦想的榜样。look up to尊敬，仰慕；仰望look up (某人的情况、生意等)好转，改善；(低头看某物时)抬头往上看(from.)look sb.up(尤指在久别之后)看望；拜访某人look sth.up查阅；检查look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起look forward to盼望；期盼look back on回顾(1)The scientist is very great and all Chinese look up to her.这位科学家非常了不起，所有的中国人都尊敬她。(2)Be careful！Dont always look up to the sky.小心！别老是抬头看天。(3)On my way home，I looked him up.在回家的路上，我去看望了他。(4)Im looking forward to your reply.我盼望你的回复。单项填空(5)Dont him just because he hasnt been as successful as you.Alook down on Blook down forClook up Dlook up to答案A解析句意为：不要仅仅因为他不如你成功就看不起他。look down on看不起，符合题意。live ones dream实现某人的梦想(live在此为“实践，身体力行”之意)live a(n).life过着的生活live by.靠(手段、方式)生活live on.以为生；以为主食live up to遵守，实践(诺言、原则)等；符合，不辜负(期望)(6)Now，after winning an Olympic gold medal，he has lived his dream.现在，他赢得了一枚奥运金牌，已经实现了自己的梦想。(7)In order that my child can live a better life，I have to work more.为了让我的孩子过得更好，我得多干点。(8)Sheep live on grass.羊以吃草为生。(9)Dont expect others to live up to their promises and you wont be disappointed.别指望别人遵守诺言，这样你就不至于失望。经典句式They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，而且还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。not only.but (also).表示“不但而且”。其用法如下：(1)语法功能：连接平行结构名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、句子等。(2)主谓一致：它连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(3)倒装：not only位于句首时，其后的分句要用部分倒装，but (also)后的分句保持不变。(1)The area was not only hit by a heavy rain，but (also) struck by a powerful earthquake.这个地区不仅遭遇了一场大雨，而且还发生了强烈的地震。(2)Not only you but (also) she has to attend the ceremony.不只是你，她也必须参加典礼。单项填空(3)Not only a writer but he was an artist for a time.Ahe is Bhe wasCis he Dwas he答案D解析not only放在句首时，其后的分句要用部分倒装结构，又由于后面用的是过去时态，前面的谓语需和后面的时态保持一致，因此选D。.单词拼写1His only chance of survival was a big operation.2He stood as a candidate(候选人) in the local elections.3How many satellites have been put into orbit around the earth?4Doctors have high status in most countries.5For products，quality is more important than quantity.6He has no desire(欲望) to go abroad at this time.7Im going to complain to your superior(上级)8The voyage(航海) took them three days to America.选词填空9I think he is fit for the job.10Do you believe we are in control of our destiny?11He will go down in history as a great statesman.12They all look up to him as their leader.13Most people in that country live on rice.完成句子14这位老人一直致力于帮助无家可归的人。The old man has been applying himself to helping the homeless.15只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.16这是那位老师推荐的书吗？Is this the book recommended by the teacher?17我不仅认识她，还是她最好的朋友。Not only do I know her，but (also) I am her best friend.18是詹姆斯要去上海出差。It is James that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.单项填空19The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons.Awas teachers energy savedBsaved was teachers energyCteachers energy was savedDwas saved teachers energy答案A解析当not only.but(also).连接两个并列句且not only用于句首时，not only后的分句需用部分倒装结构，故选A。20You should the situation before taking action.Atake control of Bin control ofClose control of Dunder the control of答案A解析句意为：在采取行动之前你应该控制局面。此处填谓语，排除了B、D两项；take control of控制；lose control of失去控制。根据句意选A项。21After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to American citizenship.Aconcentrate on Bapply forClook out for Dappeal to答案B解析由句意“他最后决定申请美国国籍”可知，选B项。apply for申请。22Beethoven is my favourite musician.I regard him as other musicians.Asuperior to Bmore superiorCmore superior than Dsuperior答案A解析考查superior的用法。be superior to优于，比更好。选A。23When I my achievements，I couldnt help feeling excited.Alook back on Bcut back onCgo back on Ddate back to答案A解析句意为：当我回顾我的成就时，我禁不住感到兴奋。look back on回顾，符合句意。.微写作写作素材(关于求职申请)1我想申请这份工作因为我渴望改变一下工作环境。2尽管我对我目前的工作很满意，但我想挑战我自己。3我开朗自信，希望我能满足你们的要求。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。补全短文I want to 24.apply for the job because I 25.desire to change my working conditions.Though Im 26.content with my present job，I want to challenge myself.I am 27.outgoing and confident and I hope I can satisfy your 28.requirements.单项填空1Where did you find the wallet I lost yesterday?It was on the playground we played basketball.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案B解析句意为：你在哪里找到我昨天丢失的钱包的？正是在我们打篮球的操场上(找到的)。此处是强调句型的省略句，省略了that I found the wallet you lost yesterday，设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故选B。2The reason why I like Sandy is that he can always stay and find ways to handle it in the face of trouble.Aoptimistic BoutgoingCcurious Dupset答案A解析句意为：我喜欢Sandy的原因是，在困难面前他总能保持乐观并找到处理的办法。optimistic乐观的；outgoing性格外向的；curious好奇的；upset不安的。3How is everything?Everything is and the boss is very satisfied.Aunder the control Bunder controlCin control Dbeyond control答案B解析答语句意为：一切尽在掌控中，老板很满意。under control在控制中；in control控制着，主语是sb.；beyond control无法控制。4Now a lot of new technologies can problems in industry.Abe applied to solveBbe applied to solvingCapply to solveDapply to solving答案B解析apply.to.表示“把应用到”，其中to为介词。此题中主语a lot of new technologies与apply.to.之间为被动关系，故选B。5I cant imagine an old man over seventy succeeding in his across the Atlantic in a boat.Ajourney BtourCvoyage Dtrip答案C解析voyage指远距离的水上旅行，符合句意。6After the traffic accident，no one except a few people who were badly injured.Asurvive BsurvivedCwas survived Dwas surviving答案B解析句意为：交通事故后，除了几个受重伤的人外，没有人存活下来。从句意分析可知，此处survive应表示“幸存”的意思，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态；再根据who引导的定语从句中的were可知，应用一般过去时，故选B。7Didnt you have a good time at the party?Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to so quickly.Ago by Bgo awayCgo out Dgo down答案A解析这里指“事实上，我玩得太开心了，时间似乎很快就过去了”。go by流逝；go away走开；go out出去，熄灭；go down下沉，沉没。8Of the two books，I think this one is that one.Amore superior than Bsuperior toCsuperior than Dmore superior to答案B解析句意为：在这两本书中，我认为这本比那本更好。superior为无比较等级的形容词，若表示比较，只需借助介词to即可。be superior to比好，比高明，优于。9Not only but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.Amothers are not paidBmothers are paidCare mothers not paidDare mothers paid答案C解析not only位于句首，其后分句用部分倒装，排除A、B两项，由句意“母亲们不仅得不到报酬而且她们乏味而困难的工作大多得不到关注”，故选C项。10The young should the old and shouldnt those who are disabled.Alook up on；look down onBlook up to；look down onClook up on；look down toDlook up to；look down to答案B解析句意为：年轻人应尊敬老人，不应歧视残疾人。look up to尊敬，向上看；look down on瞧不起，向下看。.阅读理解A(2018南京师大附中高一上检测)Teenagers have a new shape these days.They are about 20 pounds heavier than they were 60 years ago.They are about four inches taller，too.These facts come from JM.Tanner，a professor in England.JM.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the world.He has also studied peoples growth records of the past 100 years.“Kids today are bigger than ever before，” he says.“Todays nineyearolds look like elevenyearolds back in 1900.”According to Tanner，adults also are taller than ever before.But the biggest change can be seen in young people.Thats because boys used to keep on growing until they reached age 26.But today they stop growing at 18 or 19.Most girls stop growing even earlier.So todays teenagers are bigger than 26yearolds of 60 years ago.What is causing this change？Professor Tanner says its proper food.A good diet alone cannot make you grow beyond your natural limits.Your final height is partly caused by the height of your parents and grandparents.But eating proper food can help you reach your final heightand reach it early in life.Will people keep on getting bigger？Will we have a race of giants？NOat least not if the US is an example.Tanner says that we have eaten proper food for years，and our growth rate has already begun to level off.语篇解读根据英国一位教授的研究结果，现在青少年的体形变了，他们的身高和体重比60年前的青少年都增加了很多。原因是现在的饮食水平提高了。11This article is mainly about .Athe improvement of teenagers tastesBthe improvement of teenagers dietCthe change of teenagers behaviorDthe change of teenagers shape答案D解析主旨大意题。本文在第一段点出主题：Teenagers have a new shape these days。下文具体介绍了青少年的体形变化及其原因。故选D。12The statement that proves that teenagers have a new shape these days is that .AJ.M.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the worldBaccording to Tanner，adults are also taller than ever beforeCteenagers are heavier and taller than they were 60 years agoDthey stop growing at 18 or 19答案C解析细节理解题。A项仅指出了研究对象，并不能证明题干观点，故排除A项；题干是关于青少年体形变化的，故排除B项；根据文中第四段可知D项没有切中要点，故排除；根据文中的首段第二句和第四段前两句可知，C项全面地证明了青少年的体形新变化。B(2018南京高一上期末)For many people，moths are swarming，dustcolored pests that eat our clothes and disturb us by flying around lights after dark.Not for artist Joseph Scheer.The images he creates bring out the beauty of moths，with colors，shapes，and patterns that have never been seen so clearly before.“Digital tools let you see things youd never see just looking with your eyes，” Scheer says.Scheers images have been displayed around the world，and one reaction is heard everywhere：“People insist，No，that cant be a moth，” says Scheer.One Swiss viewer credited the insects lovely variety to his exotic American origin.“We dont have such nice moths in our country，” he declared.In fact，every country has moths that can amaze.The process began with a moth hunt in the state of New York.Scheer would leave the lights on and the windows open overnight at his university office，then collect the moths that had flown in when he returned in the morning.When the building cleaners at the university complained，he moved the hunt to his friend Mark Klingensmiths yard.“Marks a gardener with lots of stuff growing on his property，” Scheer says.“Moths like it.” They set up two lights shining over a plastic container on a white sheet.Then they watched，surprised，as moths appeared from the darkness，flew carelessly into the sheet，and fell into the plastic container.“We got a different species every night that first season，” Scheer says.“The patterns and colors were overwhelming.”Using a powerful scanner designed for camera film，they were able to capture detailed pictures of moths.Small moths present special challenges.“One twitch of the finger and there goes a wing，” says Scheer.“I try to drink less coffee when Im working on them.”The scanner records so much information that a single moth can take 20 minutes to scan.A scan of just two small moths fills an entire CD.All that information means the size of the image can be increased 2,700 percent but still retain all the details and appear perf