（江苏专用）2020版高考英语语法专题全辑专题六并列句和状语从句讲义牛津译林版.docx

专题六 并列句和状语从句并列句的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only.but (also).等。He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either.or.等。Either you are right，or I am.(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not.(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over.The shops were closed，so I didnt get any milk.(5)when还可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb. was doing sth. when.；sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when.；sb. had just done sth. when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.(6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.题组训练1用适当的并列连词填空1.I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free while the third costs $ 30.2.Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.3.Dont drive so fast，or youll have an accident.4.She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesnt give up hope.5.He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students.时间状语从句的核心考点1.before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：It will be long before.(得过好久才)It will not be long before.(过不了多久就)It was long before.(过了好久才)It was not long before.(过了不久就)2.since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。3.as，when，while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading.Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：(1)till，not.until.，untilDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock.(2)hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than表示“刚就”We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.(3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as意为“一就”He made for the door directly he heard the knock.The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears.(4)each time，every timeEach time he came to my city，he would call on me.题组训练2用适当的连词填空1.If a lot of people say a film is not good，I wont bother to see it，or Ill wait until/till it comes out on DVD.2.They rushed in while we were discussing problems.3.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.4.It was April 29,2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.5.He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.让步状语从句的核心考点1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warm-hearted.2.even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。Ill get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.3.no matter后接上who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。Dont trust him，no matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever you give me.No matter how hard the work is，youd better try to do it well.4.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot.Much as I like it，I wont buy.Try as he would，he couldnt lift the heavy box.5.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。题组训练3用适当的连词填空1.It was a nice meal，though a little expensive.2.While/Though/Although volleyball is her main focus，shes also great at basketball.3.Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up.4.Although/Though regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.5.While/Though/Although all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.6.Well make a trip evenif/though the weather is bad.原因状语从句：because，as，since，now that1.表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving？Im leaving because Im fed up with the boss.2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyone is here，lets start.”3.下列情况下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时；(3)被not所否定时。地点状语从句：where，wherever等Make a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He got up early so that he could catch the early train.结果状语从句：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.注意：so形容词/副词that从句；such名词that从句。She is so good that we all like her.He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.方式状语从句：as，as if/thoughIll do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.注意状语从句中从句的省略现象1.连词过去分词Dont speak until spoken to.Unless repaired，the washing machine is no use.2.连词现在分词Look out while crossing the street.3.连词形容词/其他常见的有if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any等。If necessary，I will go there.题组训练4用适当的连词填空1.The police officers in our city work hard inorderthat/sothat the rest of us can live a safe life.2.She worked hard sothat everything would be ready in time.3.He had his camera ready incase he saw something that would make a good picture.4.Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him asif/asthough he had done something very clever.5.Where there is a will，there is a way.1. you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏，29)A.Once B.UnlessC.If D.When答案B解析句意为：你如果睡不好的话，一两个晚上后就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。B项unless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。once一旦；if如果；when当的时候。2. we dont stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018北京，2)A.Although B.WhileC.If D.Until答案C解析句意为：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应该用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句内容发生的条件。3.Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018天津，4)A.ever since B.as ifC.even though D.so that答案D解析句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故选D。ever since自以后；as if好像，似乎；even though即使，尽管。4.Peter，please send us postcards well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京，22)A.but B.or C.for D.so答案D解析句意为：彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没问题。后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。5.If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京，28)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since答案C解析句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until直到为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自以来，由于，可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。6. birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京，25)A.Once B.IfC.Although D.Because答案C解析句意为：虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，故用although引导状语从句。once一旦，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句。7. some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016江苏，26)A.Because B.IfC.Unless D.While答案D解析考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧激发。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为转折对比关系，故要用while。8.I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016北京，33)A.because B.beforeC.unless D.until答案A解析考查状语从句。句意为：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选A项。9.I am not afraid of tomorrow， I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京，35)A.so B.andC.for D.but答案C解析考查连词。句意为：我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选C项。10.It is so cold that you cant go outside fully covered in thick clothes.(2015江苏，26)A.if B.unlessC.once D.when答案B解析考查状语从句连词的选择。句意为：天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless相当于if.not(如果不)，符合句意。11. a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.(2015浙江，9)A.Just as B.Even thoughC.Until D.Unless答案A解析句意为：正如一个单词可以改变一句话的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一段话的意思。just as正如，正像，符合语境。even though尽管；until直到；unless除非，如果不。12. the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015北京，32)A.Until B.UnlessC.Once D.Although答案C解析考查连词。句意为：一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。until直到；unless除非；once一旦；although尽管。由句意可知选C。13.scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still dont know.(2015安徽，23)A.Once B.SinceC.Though D.Unless答案C解析考查状语从句的连接词。句意为：尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多，但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦；since自从以来；though尽管；unless除非。该题主要考查让步状语从句，故选C；而A、D常引导条件状语从句；B常用来引导时间或原因状语从句。14.he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.(2015安徽，34)A.Where B.AsC.In case D.Now that答案A解析考查连词。句意为：在他曾经想放弃的地方，他现在有决心前行并继续走下去。where在这里是连词，意思是“(在)的地方”。as当，因为；in case以防；now that既然。15.He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京，25)A.so B.but C.or D.as答案B解析考查连词。句意为：他是一个很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和人。 由句意可知前后两句之间为转折关系，故用but，选B。16.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014江西，35)A.that B.as C.which D.when 答案D解析考查状语从句。句意为：当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是在半夜。本句容易错选A项，认为是强调句型。实际上the middle of the night不能单独做时间状语，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本题就可以选择A项了。本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，故D项正确。17.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”.(2014安徽，25)A.before B.after C.since D.while答案A解析考查连词。句意为：“nice”一词的含义变化了数次，直到最后它才包括了pleasant的含义。即：在“nice”包括“pleasant”这一含义之前，其含义还有其他几次演变。故A项符合句意。after和since两者只能使用于从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生的情况；while引导时间状语从句时，表示主句和从句的谓语动词同时发生。18.In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.(2013江苏，28)A.whatever B.whoeverC.wherever D.whichever答案C解析句意为：在全球经济中，无论在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药，这都会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。whatever无论什么；whoever无论是谁； wherever无论在哪；whichever无论哪一个。19.I took my driving license with me on holiday，I wanted to hire a car.(2013北京，30)A.in case B.even ifC.ever since D.if only答案A解析考查连词用法。句意为：我随身带了驾照去度假，以备我租车用。in case万一，以防；even if即便；ever since自从以来；if only但愿。故选A项。20.Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs， you could have problems.(2013北京，22)A.or B.and C.but D.so答案A解析考查连词用法。句意为：关闭所有程序后再关电脑，否则会有麻烦的。or否则，要不然，用于警告或忠告，符合题意。1.Chinas Silk Road Economic Belt， accomplished，will quicken the economic growth of the countries along the route.A.unless B.thoughC.once D.as答案C解析句意为：中国的丝绸之路经济带一旦建成，将会加快沿线国家的经济增长。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是状语从句的省略，表示“中国的丝绸之路经济带一旦建成”，故once“一旦”符合语境。unless除非，如果不；though尽管；as随着，因为。2.Sometimes its hard to accept the truth the lie sounds so much better.(2018南京三模，21)A.because B.unlessC.though D.until答案A解析句意为：有时候真相很难接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。此处用because引导原因状语从句，故选A。3.China is playing a key role in an effort to control drug overdoses.However，it will take long and much effort this problem is completely solved.(2018南京师大附中等四校联考，23)A.until B.afterC.before D.unless答案C解析句意为：中国在控制药物滥用这个问题上起着关键的作用。不过，在彻底解决这个问题之前将花费长时间的大量的努力。before在之前，符合句意，在句中引导时间状语从句。4.John plays tennis well， his favorite sport is basketball.A.so B.yetC.or D.for答案B解析句意为：约翰网球打得好，然而他最喜欢的运动是篮球。由句意可知，选yet表示转折。5.Photos are magical in that they can have us seeing moments from the past they were frozen in time.(2018镇江期中，23)A.when B.in caseC.unless D.as if答案D解析when当时；in case万一，假使；unless除非；as if似乎，好像。句意为：照片是神奇的，因为它们能让我们看到过去的时刻，就好像它们被冻结在时空里。此处表示“似乎，好像”，故选D。6.The great interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all children， their conditions，deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.(2018江苏高考压轴，28)A.how B.whatC.whatever D.however答案C解析句意为：在过去的30年里，对公共教育中的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪，那就是所有的儿童，不管他们什么情况，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。此处是whatever引导的让步状语从句，表示“不管什么，不论什么”，故选C。7. you may not be the next Bill Gates，for example，by learning from people like him you may become just as，if not more famous，because of your success.(2018如东中学高三上期中，25)A.If B.WhileC.Since D.As答案B解析句意为：举个例子，尽管你可能不是下一个比尔盖茨，通过像他这样的人学习，因为你的成功，如果不能更著名的话，至少可能变得和他一样有名。此处是while引导的让步状语从句。8.Man cannot discover new oceans he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.(2018镇江高三上期末，32)A.if B.unlessC.when D.since答案B解析句意为：人类无法发现新的海洋除非有看不见海岸的勇气。unless除非，故选B。9.You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow you keep it tidy and clean.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，28)A.for fear that B.so thatC.on condition that D.even if答案C解析句意为：你明天可以用这个房间举行俱乐部活动，条件是你得保持房间的整洁干净。for fear that担心，害怕，引导目的状语从句；so that为的是，因此，引导目的或结果状语从句；even if尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。on condition that如果，在的条件下，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选C项。10.The majority of new businesses fail because， they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market，they usually lack the skills in sales，marketing，and administration.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，28)A.now that B.even ifC.as long as D.as though答案B解析句意为：大多数新兴企业倒闭是因为虽然它们有产品或服务填补市场空缺，但他们通常缺乏销售、营销和管理技巧。本题中的because引导原因状语从句，从句中还包含一个让步状语从句。now that既然，引导原因状语从句；as long as只有，引导条件状语从句；as though好像，常引导方式状语从句。even if即使，虽然，引导让步状语从句，符合语境，故选B项。11.How do you like the advertisement of the way to losing weight?Dont fall for it.In the beginning，that may do，but after a while you will end up back you started.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学等97校联考，28)A.as if B.whereC.even if D.when答案B解析as if好像；where在的地方；even if即使；when当时。句意为：你觉得这个减肥方法的广告怎么样？不要信以为真。开始的时候，可能会有效，但是很快你就会回到原来的样子。故选B。12.My father helps arrange a Sunday brunch at the community center the senior citizens can get together with their friends.(2018如东中学高三期中，24)A.in that B.in caseC.so that D.for that答案C解析句意为：我父亲帮助在社区中心安排星期日的早午餐，以便老年人可以和朋友聚在一起。由此可知此处是so that引导的目的状语从句。13.How about travelling abroad this winter holiday，just for a change?OK， you want.(2018扬州高三上期末，31)A.whichever B.howeverC.whatever D.whoever答案C解析句意为：这个寒假出国旅游怎么样，只是为了换换口味？好的，随便你。whatever在这里引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论什么，不管什么”，故选C。14.The visitor asked to have his picture taken stood