（江苏专用）2020版高考英语语法专题全辑专题七情态动词和虚拟语气讲义牛津译林版.docx

专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的核心考点1.can，be able to 和could(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes，you can.(否定答语可用No，Im afraid not.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只有；cant but不得不；cant.too再也不为过，越越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.题组训练1用can，could，be able to的适当形式填空1.Though the building was on fire，they wereableto go out safely.2.It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.3.Hows your new babysitter?We could not ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.4.The police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they can.5.You cant be too careful when driving.2.may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是，不妨You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late for class.题组训练2用may，might的适当形式填空1.I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He might/may not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.2.I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone might have stolen it.3.As a student，you might/may as well make good use of your time.4.You may go to school either by bike or by bus.5.May she rest in peace.3.must，have to和ought to的用法(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用neednt或dont have to代替。(2)must表示必然的结果。All men must die.(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(4)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(5)ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。You ought to take care of yourself.4.need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?(3)need和dare的特殊用法need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare (to) complain.Do you dare (to) swim in the river?题组训练3同义句改写1.He darent go out at night.He doesnt dare to go out at night.2.The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.5.will和would的用法(1)will表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea? 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6.shall和should的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I come in?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says.(2)should表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmustdomust have done肯定句may/mightmay/mightdomay/might have done肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should doshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句情态动词have done的用法：(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该”，而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该”。You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4)could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)”。You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.题组训练41.I couldhavehelpedyou(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.2.Its Sunday.He canthavegonetoschool(不可能上学去了).3.You know the story very well.You may/mighthavereadit(可能读过) before.4.You musthavegonetobedlate(一定是睡得很晚) last night.Your eyes are red.5.I should/oughttohavedonemyhomework(本应该做作业) last night，but I went to the cinema.虚拟语气的核心考点1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词”。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.(3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)题组训练5用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Maybe if I hadstudied(study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.2.If I had/shouldhave/weretohave(have) time next week，I would go to the party.3.If I were(be) you，I should go and see the dentist at once.4.If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier，you could/should/would/mighthavecaught(catch) the train.5.If he were you，he wouldnthavemissed(miss) the concert last night.2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”或“could/shouldhave过去分词”。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known/could/should have known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。She suggested we (should) leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated on.(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“(should) 动词原形”，should可以省略。His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.)that we (should) clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc.)that you (should) be so careless.It will be desired (suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc.)that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.题组训练6用所给词的适当形式填空1.Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they werent(be，not) always late.2.It is requested that Class Two (should)give(give) a performance at the English evening.3.He insisted that a deadline(should)beset(set) for completing the task.4.My suggestion is that we(should)go(go) without delay.5.The doctor has given advice that the patient (should)giveup(give) up smoking.3.虚拟语气在其他场合的运用(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though，even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时(be动词用were)；指将来状况则用过去将来时。He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that).”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should动词原形”，意思是“(现在)该”。Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we went/should go home(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.题组一1.Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析句意为：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故选B。2.In todays information age，the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.(2018北京，12)A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案C解析根据句意可知应该选C项。can在此表示可能性，意为“可能，会”。need需要；should应该；must必须，以上三者均不符合句意。句意为：在如今这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。3.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津，10)A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案D解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，B、D两项符合；再根据句中的but Im not sure排除B项“一定落在”，故选D项。若C项改为might have left，也是正确的。4.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)A.must B.shouldC.can D.need答案C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能(can)轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。5.My room is a mess，but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要(neednt)打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent不敢；shouldnt不应该；mustnt不准。6.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015北京，29)A.may B.canC.must D.dare答案C解析考查情态动词。句意为：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选C。7.It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.(2015浙江，4)A.couldnt B.shouldntC.mustnt D.neednt答案A解析考查情态动词辨析。句意为：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。couldnt表示“不能”，符合语境。8.Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You have made full preparations.(2015福建，27)A.must B.canC.would D.should答案D解析考查“情态动词have done”的意义。句意为：很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。9.You be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川，2)A.must B.mayC.can D.will答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机一定很昂贵，所以“必须”小心对待，故选择A。10.You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆，12)A.must B.can C.will D.shall答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。11.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014四川，6)A.might B.mustC.would D.should答案C解析考查情态动词。此题考查的是would表示过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”。句意为：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。12.My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who have taken it？(2014陕西，25)A.need B.mustC.should D.could答案D解析考查情态动词。第二句句意为：可能是谁拿走了呢？need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜测时通常只用于肯定句；should多指预期的事，常译为“按道理说应该”；could可表示说话者主观猜测的“可能”，此时用于否定句和疑问句中，符合题意。13.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves， bring me food.(2014江苏，31)A.might B.would C.should D.could答案C解析考查情态动词。句意为：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should可表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，此处意为“竟然”，表惊讶。14.Life is unpredictable；even the poorest become the richest.(2014江西，30)A.shall B.mustC.need D.might答案D解析考查情态动词。句意为：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句“Life is unpredictable”说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。15.Although you find bargains in London，its not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014大纲全国，30)A.should B.need C.must D.can答案D解析考查情态动词的基本用法。句意为：虽然你可能在伦敦找到便宜货，但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can表示“可能”时尽管多用于否定句和疑问句中，但在肯定句中可以表示“可能”，指客观上的可能性。由句意可知，此处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”，指客观上的可能性，故选择can。should应该；need需要；must必须，肯定。16.People are recycling many things which theyaway in the past.(2014安徽，30)A.had thrown B.will be throwingC.were throwing D.would have thrown答案D解析考查“情态动词have done”。句意为：人们在循环使用他们过去本想扔掉的许多东西。would have done表示“过去本想干某事，但实际没做”。17.Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we bring anything with us？(2014湖南，25)A.cant B.mustntC.shant D.neednt答案D解析考查情态动词。句意为：我已经为这次野餐准备了各种各样的食物。你的意思是我们没有必要带任何东西了，是吗？neednt不必，符合句意。cant不可能，不能；mustnt表示禁止；shant表示将来。18. I have a word with you？It wont take long.(2014北京，21)A.Can B.MustC.Shall D.Should答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。此处can表示请求和许可。must必须；shall用于第一人称的问句中，用于提建议或要求他人作决定的问句中；should应该。19.No one be more generous；he has a heart of gold.(2013天津，9)A.could B.mustC.dare D.need答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，A项could可以在否定句中表示推测，为正确答案。B项表推测，只用在肯定句中；dare和need不符合句意。20.Why are your eyes so red？Youhave slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川，5)A.cant B.mustntC.neednt D.wont答案A解析句意为：你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好。是的，我熬夜写了一篇报告。本题考查情态动词表对过去事情否定推测的用法。题组二1.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018江苏，27)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had答案A解析句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故选A。2.They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案D解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。3.If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018天津，15)A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch答案A解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。4.If the new safety system to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017北京，34)A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put答案A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。5.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。6. not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。7.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江，15)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自 2005 年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D项。8.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.would tell答案B解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮助你。根据last week可知，事情发生在过去；根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。9.It might have saved me some trouble the schedule.(2015江苏，28)A.did I know B.have I knownC.do I know D.had I known答案D解析考查虚拟语气在倒装句式中的应用。句意为：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。10.If I it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.(2015北京，34)A.didnt see B.werent seeingC.wouldnt see D.hadnt seen答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。11.I wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015天津，13)A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip.可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。12.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.(2015陕西，23)A.dance B.will danceC.had danced D.danced答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/should/would/might do；叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式，选D项。13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it？(2014重庆，13)A.had done B.have doneC.did D.am doing答案A解析句意为：是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏了似的？题中broke表示“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。14.We back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(2014北京，34)A.are B.were C.will be D.would be答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果你不丢失地图的话，我们现在就已经回到旅馆了。由now知此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用“would/could/should/might动词原形”，故选D项。15.We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014陕西，23)A.would stay B.has stayedC.stayed D.stay答案C解析would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反；用“had过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处表示与现在或将来事实相反，故此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。16.If wea table earlier，we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(2013，北京，34)A.have