完形填空思路与技巧.ppt

解题思路与技巧,完形填空,cloze,TianYanjie,词汇,语境,篇章结构,高考完形 填空考什么？,一 :完形填空解题方法与技巧 (Methods and Techniques),1根据上下文的暗示（语境）确定选项,(2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 , but I always knew he was 37 . he never criticized us ,but used 38 (praise) to bring out our best father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”. 36 A biologist B manager C lawyer D gardener 37A strict B honest C special D learned,2. 根据固定搭配,习惯用语确定选项,When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives and _ what he had felt was a tragedy into a blessing A. Turning B. putting C. making D. leaving,We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure,3. 根据词语辨析确定选项:,1) Soon I heard a 41 like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. 41. A. sound B. cry C.voice D. shout 2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back,1)、 , because the earth is divided into 41 time zones, one hour apart. 41.A. twenty-two B. twenty-three C. twenty-four D. twenty- five,4、根据生活常识确定选项,2),she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00. On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. 39. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy,5、根据行文逻辑推理解题,1) It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice： stay in school 47 leave to work on my magazine. 47. A. besides B. but C. and D. or,2) and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste. 38. A. besides B. but C. and D. or,This is 39(because) the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble. 40Adesire Binspire Cinfluence Dattitude,“Well, Pop, ”she said to her father. “I 55 I get my car this time, dont I?” 55A. demand B. am afraid C. hope D. guess,6. 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项,完形填空的解题方法与技巧小结,3. 注意词语辨析确定选项,4. 注意生活常识确定选项,5.根据逻辑推理解题,6. 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定选项,2. 根据固定搭配,习惯用语确定选项,1 .根据上下文暗示确定选项,二、应对篇章的正确答题步骤:,三：做题三忌： 急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。,Practice makes perfect.,When I first came to the USA, I made friends with a neighbor who used to live only two blocks away form my street .This friend taught me a lot about American 36 , but in some cases I had to learn the 37 way , because we didnt have enough time together for me to learn all about American culture from him. One day this same friend invited me to a party . It wasnt a (n) 38 party , only some kind of informal get-together .,36. A. art B. culture C. history D. people 37. A. easy B. simple C. hard D. different 38. A. real B. pleasant C. usual D. evening,more practice,It was the most 39 party for me when I noticed that 。 everybody was wearing jeans and simple T-shirts for the day , 40 I arrived in proper dress with my shoes and my hair all fixed for a fancy party . It was hard to explain my embarrassment to the other 41 . When one of them turned around and said , “What nice clothes ! What s the occasion ?”I felt my 42 burning hot . I didnt 43 at all.,39. A. exciting B. surprising C. embarrassing D. enjoyable 40. A. as B. while C. when D. and 41. A. guests B. friends C. neighbors D. Americans 42. A. heart B. body C. face D. hand 43. A. repeat B. answer C. laugh D. say,Many times I thought of going home and 44 but I knew they would notice . It would be even 45 for me because I knew they would quickly think that I felt out of 46 . So I wanted to pretend that I was 47 I have already realized their 48 are different from mine . They care less about formality (形式) 49 it is a special occasion, like a 50 or a very formal invitation.,44.A. changing B.crying C. sleeping D.dancing 45.A. worse B. luckier C. better D. easier 46. A. order B. breath C. place D. mind 47.A. OK B. sad C. angry D. well 48.A. lives B. customs C. parties D. beliefs 49.A. unless B. if C. As long as D. since 50. A. party B. picnic C. meeting D. wedding,Keys to the passage: 36-40 BCACB 41-45 ACBAA 46-50 CABAD,Discussion,Homework:,Finish another cloze test on your paper,Thank you,考核项目以实词为主，包括动词，名词，形容词，副词。选择项的干扰性在于考生是否能在正确把握文章主题和语境的基础上充分考虑到语篇的连贯性,包括结构和意义上的连贯,以及词汇使用的逻辑性和得体性，排除干扰，命中答案,完形填空题的考点设置,完形填空的解题技巧,利用首句解题,运用逻辑分析判断解题,借助词汇复现现象解题,通过合理联想解题,依据上下文语境解题,凭借背景知识解题,调动语法规则解题,、对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。它需要考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填词在句子里作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。因此调动语法知识解题在完形中是必要的，它包括根据固定句型和词，尤其是动词的固定搭配来选择答案，或运用代词的上下文替代作用。例如：,、“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。如何利用词汇复现帮助我们解题呢？不妨先看看下面的例子：,、上下文是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，根据上下文中对比， 因果，转折及用途等线索，前后顺序及前后文中提示与解释的关系，猜出文中的生词和缺失的单词，并找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。近年来，完形填空题在设计上的趋势是朝着深层化及语境化的方面挖掘，侧重逻辑推理判断。就空格设空而言，体现了以实词为主，虚词为辅的特点，而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误，词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法光凭表面理解获知。这就大大加强了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题的难度值。,、完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理，进而验证推理的正确性，修正非正确性，以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的。正确分析推理是恰当解题的必要条件，而恰当解题又是对题目进行正确分析推理的必然结果。因此运用句与句之间的逻辑关系解题包括运用修饰，因果，结构再现，连词等技巧解题。即在上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑分析，抓住关键语言信息的词语，确定合理的答案至关重要。,、完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。背景知识指的是我们平时所积累的常识，生活经验，英语国家的风俗习惯，文化背景，历史事件，地理位置等。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。,eg. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards some one we are fond than towards 56 . (NMET 2002 上海卷） 54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper 55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect 56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues 在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。 加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了。,注意词义辨析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语当中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。,注意词义辨析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语当中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量