人教版新目标八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解.doc

【重要词句详解】1. Lets look at the following words and their usage（让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）.always 一直，总是 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时候 hardly ever 很少，几乎没有 never 从不这些词都是表示频率的副词, 但是在程度上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如： I always have some milk for my breakfast. 我早餐总是喝牛奶。 He usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning. 他通常早上6：30起床。 He often does homework before dinner time. 他经常晚餐前做作业。 He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。 I hardly /ever eat out at noon. 我很少中午在外就餐。 I never arrive late for school. 我从没有到校晚过。Seldom/rarelyseldom,表频率，很少，不常，反义often。rarely,很少地，难得地。He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。I rarely eat in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭。2. 英语中表次数的用法 once一次, twice两次, three times三次, four times四次 我们可以看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成。 另外同学们还要记住以下词组： once （twice） a day/ week/ month/ year每天（周/月/年）一（两）次3. all, most, some, no 的用法及差异。 all “所有的，全体的”All students do homework after school. most “大多数的”Most students play computer games on weekends. some “一些” Some students go to English movies every day. no “没有”，注意这里no是形容词。 No students read English novels. 我们可以看出： all, most, some, no 放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。 4. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事。e.g. I want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。 5. She says its good for health. 她说喝牛奶对健康有益。 Doing eye-exercise is good for our eyes. 6. How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？ 这是一个特殊疑问句。“How many +名词”构成了特殊疑问词。 注意：How many 后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g. How many apples do you have? How many students are there in your class? 如果名词是不可数名词，要用“How much +不可数名词”。 e.g. How much milk do you drink each time? How much water do we need every day?【由how often谈起】我们已经学习了always, usually, often, sometimes, never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如：We usually get up at half past six 我们通常六点半起床。Sometimes he goes to see his grandpa on weekends 周末，他有时候去看望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行动，或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题，请求对方回答。在这种情况下，我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话：1 How often do you play football?I usually play football after school2 How often does Mary go to the concert? She often goes to it on Saturday evening3How often does my daughter take the medicine? Three times a day不知大家是否注意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时，都要用how often。换句话说，如果要回答由how often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等来回答。e.g.4 How often do you borrow books from the library?Twice a month5 How often can you go to the movie? Once a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部分提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等提问的句子。这时候自然要用how often来提问了。e.g.Jack watches TV three times a week How often does Jack watch TV?Our school has a sports meeting twice a year How often does your school have a sports meeting?要注意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其结构是：How often+助动词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：How often+系动词 be+主语 +其它成分？How often ?和How long ? 1） How often do you watch TV? 你多长时间看一次电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： Every day./ Once a week./Three times a week./ Often./ 2）How long do you usually watch TV?你通常看多长时间电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： About one hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./ 从以上例句中可以看出： how often 意为“多久一次”；how long 意为“多长时间”。【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时The Simple Present Tense 一般现在时的特殊疑问句 Lets look at the following sentences first（让我们先看看下面的句子）. 1) What do you usually do on weekends? 2) What does he do on weekends? 3) How often do you shop? 4) How often does he watch TV? 5) How many hours do you sleep every night? 一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 这里的特殊疑问词指 what, what time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how often一般现在时表示现在的状态He is twelve. 他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.表示主语具备的性格和能力等She likes apples. They speak Japanese. She is medium build.肯定式I am a cleaner. You are right. He / She / It is here. We / You / They are outgoing 否定式I am not a You are not He / She / It is no We / You / They are not否定式和疑问式We go to school at seven every day. We dont go to school at seven.Do you go to school at seven? Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）否定式和疑问式He goes to school at seven every day. He doesnt go to school at seven.Does he go to school at seven? Yes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have