中考形容词、副词复习与练习.doc

中考形容词副词专项复习 编制： 审核： 学习目标：1。注意形容词、副词在句中的作用。2比较级与最高级的构成，一些不规则变化，以及用法。3掌握有关形容词与副词的一些句型及用法。4形容词修饰不定代词的用法。考点精析 一、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。如：a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)前置形容词（作定语）的顺序为： 冠词+描述性形容词（pretty/ugly/kind等）+表特征形容词（大形新年色）+专属形容词（国籍等）+材料 +名词作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。如：The idea sounds great. 连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感到，摸起来）.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词（作宾补）后置的情况： 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)二、副词：用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：(见下表)时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,anywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副词where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：（副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可放句首修饰整个句子。）作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也”（用于否定句）,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) (2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则代词放在动词与副词之间，如果宾语是名词则可以放中间，也可放后面。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。) 类似的有：put it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in三、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.注意I dont think否定前移句型比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例： His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of all 要用最高级) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高级） This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. Id like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.（两者中“较”用“the+比较级”） Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。（两个数量/目只级比较大小，不能比较多少(价格price只能比较高低，用“high”或“low”，不能比较贵或便宜)6、比较级与最高级的互换Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.= Jim is the tallest boy in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的） . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高） .Tom isnt as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isnt as/so interesting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比较级前常用的修饰语:比较级前常用a bit/a little（一点），much/a lot（非常）,even/far(更加),still等词语表示程度。而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。例如：She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom. Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？) He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)8、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项: 1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the可以省略。3. 在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。His ruler is longer than I. (错) His ruler is longer than mine.(对) The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that不能少)聚焦2008年江苏省中考题（ ）1. It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic无锡市 A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a （ ）2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining_.无锡市 A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily（ ）3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 苏州市 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully（ ）4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_she was getting. 南京市A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest（ ）5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend?Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. 扬州市A. live B. alive C living D. lively（ ）6. The girls voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. 淮安市A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully（ ）7. How are you today, Bob?Im even_now. I dont think the medicine is good for me. 南通市A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier（ ）8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a famous writer. 宿迁市A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough energetic（ ）9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does. 宿迁市A. so good as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as（ ）10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_.宿迁市A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly（ ）11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs_days. 宿迁市A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more（ ）12. In the Science Museum, the children felt_to see so many_things. 镇江市A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing （ ）13. It was _ music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful（ ）14. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. 盐城市 A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful （ ）15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open area as _as possible. 盐城市 A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widely D. quickly（ ）16. Ive got nothing to do. Im _.徐州市A. bored B. interested C. excited D. frightened（ ）17. She was _ well dressed that she attracted everyones attention at the party. 常州市A. so B. quite C. too D. very（ ）18. Peter drives_Amy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel. 常州市A. much faster than; less B. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; more D. as slowly as; more二、单词填空：1. Many Chinese have trouble using a knife and fork _ (correct). 无锡市2. When you feel tired, youd better wear _ (energy) colours, such as green. 无锡市3. Dont get _ (patient) about your personal trouble. 无锡市4. _ (医疗的) workers are badly needed in those earthquake-hit areas. 无锡市5.Sleep is _(必要的) to health. 苏州市6.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more _(舒服地). 苏州市7.She has been a very_(勇敢的)little girl. 苏州市8.The book should be returned no_(迟) than next Friday. 苏州市9. Susan often goes swimming in summer when its warm and (晴朗的). 南京市10. I like working here because everyone is_(friend). 南京市11. Finally help reached the flood victims in the damaged village_.(成功).连云港12. The gui is a top student in her school. Shell go abroad for_study next month. ( far) 扬州市13. Do you want to learn how to cook healthy and_food?Of course, (taste) 扬州市14. His father was looking_at him because he had made a serious mistake. ( angry) 扬州市15. I could_( 几乎不) find my old house because great changes had taken place there. 淮安市16. The museum has lots of amazing things. Its_(值得) a visit. 南通市17. I have a weight problem and its_(必要的) for me to change my diet and take more exercise. 南通18. It is very_( 有意义的 ) for me to join the Tree-planting Club. 宿迁市19. The weather today becomes even_( bad). Why not take a raincoat with you?宿迁市20. If someone doesnt show good manners to others, he or she is_( polite). 宿迁市21. How_(quick) Betty answered the teachers question! 宿迁市22. Blue is a calm and_(peace) colour. It can make you feel relaxed. 镇江市23. Why didnt you tell me earlier? the boss shouted_( 生气). 镇江市24. Mary was too_( 紧张) to describe the accident clearly. 镇江市25. If you dont see the doctor at once, youll get even _ (ill) later on. 泰州市26. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire _ (successful). 泰州市27. He is quite an _ (energy) man because he always stays up late but gets up early. 泰州市28.Whats the weather like in your hometown now?Its usually very _ (热) and often rains a lot. 盐城市 29. Scientists have found that talking to another person for 10 minutes a day can help you remember things _ (好) than not to. 盐城市30. The _ (high) you climb, the more beautiful view you will see. 徐州市31. Nancy is patient and she doesnt give up _ (easy). 徐州市32. He seemed _ (friend) at first, but now Ive got to know him and I realize hes warm and kind.徐州33. Mary passed her examination because she studied very _ (努力). 徐州市34. In the eighteenth century, more people came to America, _ (主要地,大部分地) Europeans. 徐州35. Its_(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. 常州市36. We hope the weather will be fine, but it is getting even_(bad). 常州市37. The computer is_(广泛) used in our daily life. We can do many things with it. 常州市聚焦2009年江苏省中考题（ ）1. Im much _ than my two friends, but I jump _ of us three. 南通市A. taller; higherB. shorter; higherC. taller; highestD. shorter; highest（ ）2. I like the pop star _ that I never miss his concert. 南通市A. very muchB. too muchC. quite muchD so much（ ）3. Lily is _ hard-working than any other student in her class. 淮安市A. muchB. moreC. mostD. the most（ ）4 . Grandma, you must feel _after cleaning the house. Lets take a rest. 淮安市A. tiredB. wellC. good D. angry（ ）5. Curing sick people is _ important_ doctors must be careful. 泰州市A. too, toB. so, thatC. enough, toD. such, that（ ）6. John sings so well. Has he ever been trained? No. He learns all by himself. He_ goes to any training class. 常州市 A. usually B. often C. never D. even （ ）7. Mark speaks English well, but you_ him. Thank you. 常州市 . A. speak as badly as B. speak worse than C. dont speak so badly as D. speak much better than （ ）8. Love will _ last if we love the whole fine things around us. 盐城市A. seldomB. alwaysC. neverD. sometimes（ ）9. Im his best friend. I know him well probably _ than anyone else. 盐城市A. lessB. widerC. betterD. deeper（ ）10. That lady is a vegetarian(素食主义者). She _ eats meat. 镇江市A. oftenB. sometimes C. seldom D. usually（ ）11. Li Lianjie often donates much money to poor people. He is a well-known _ actor. 镇江市A. creativeB. generousC. modestD. confident（ ）12We arrived_late that there were seats left苏州市 Amuch Btoo Cso Dvery（ ）13Of the two T-shirts，Id choose the_one to save some money for a book苏州市 Acheapest Bcheaper Cmore expensive Dmost expensive（ ）14. Was Henry late for the concert yesterday? No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two. 扬州市A. earlier B. earliest C. later D. latest（ ）15. The question is_ that nobody can answer it. 宿迁市 A. very hard B. too difficult C. strange enough D. so strange（ ）16. I find this computer game _ to play. 无锡市A. enough easyB. easy enoughC. enough easilyD. easily enough （ ）17. -Which of those radios sounds _? -The smallest one. 无锡市A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best二、单词填空：1. Miss Li is _ (严格的) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in our school. 南通市2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim _ (单独)in the river. 南通市3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. Im sure it will be used _ (wide) in the world. 淮安市4. Eating too much fast food is not _ (health). 淮安市5. _(lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last. 泰州市6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very _ (comfortable) . 7. -The radio says it will be _ (rain) tomorrow, so we cant have a picnic in the park.-What a pity! 泰州市8. Congratulations! Youve answered all the questions (正确地). 常州市 9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe. 常州市10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are (health) food. 常州市11. -Will you take the trainers? -Of course. They are very_（舒服的）. 连云港12.With the help all over the world, the children in Sichuan are living_（幸福的）. 连云港13. Jane is my English teacher. She likes wearing _ (红色的) dresses. 南京市14. -Where is Peter from? -He is French, if I remember _ (correct). 南京市15. -This pair