2018_2019学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅤLanguageAwareness.docx

Section Language Awareness & Culture Corner & Bulletin Board根据提示写出下列单词1_vt.释放，放开2_adj. 可以更新的，可再生的3_adj. 森林被砍伐的4_adj. 海洋的【答案】1.release2.renewable3.deforested4.marine根据提示补全下列短语1concentrate _集中精力于2_ one time 曾经；一度3be home _ 是的栖息地4have access _ 拥有的机会5the same._. 与一样6thanks _ 多亏；由于7be _ danger 处于危险中【答案】1.on2.at3.to4.to5.as6.to7.in根据提示补全下列教材原句1Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given，and some thought the project should_never_have_been_allowed.许多人认为不会得到许可，也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不该被允许。2The fabric is going to be suspended above the river so_that the work of art can be seen from both above and below.这种织物将被悬在河的正上方，这样一来，这件艺术品从上方和下方就能看到了。3Rivers，lakes and wetlands are sources of fresh water，not_only for humans，but_for wildlife as well.河流、湖泊和湿地不仅是人类也是野生生物的淡水来源。阅读P16课文，并从四个选项中选择最佳答案1According to the test, what are the major causes of the global warming?AForest fire and climate change.BGases from burning coal and oil.COverfishing and lack of fresh water.DMore and more renewable energy are used.2How much does the WWF spend a year to protect existing forest?A5 million.B130 million.C40 million.D100 million.3How many species of plants and animals are there on Earth?A146,000.B15 million.C40 million.D3 billion.【答案】1.B2.C3.B concentrate on全神贯注于；集中于(教材P16)Besides protecting endangered species，the WWF concentrates on these key areas of global conservation.除了保护濒危物种外，世界野生动物基金还把力量集中在全球保护的几个重点领域concentrate ones mind/efforts on(doing)sth.致力于；集中(精力，注意力等)(做)某事表示“全神贯注，精神集中于”的短语还有：be absorbed in；be buried in；be lost in；pay attention to；focus(ones attention)on；be focused on；fix ones eyes/attention on/uponThe boy was completely absorbed/buried/lost in the science fiction.这个男孩完全迷上了科幻小说。Everyone concentrated their attention on listening(listen) to the teacher.大家都集中注意力听老师讲课。 release vt. & n. 释放；放开；公布；发行；免除；解雇；透露，流露(教材P16)About 23,000,000,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere every year.每年约有230亿吨二氧化碳排放到大气中。写出release在句中的含义Han Gengs solo album Geng Heart is to be released next week._She burst into tears，releasing all her depressed emotions._He refused to release her arm._He was released from prison yesterday._【答案】发行，发布发泄放开，松开 释放Death at last released her from her pain.死亡最终使她免除了痛苦。 at one time 曾经，一度(教材P16)At one time，half the land on the Earths surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面一半的陆地为森林所覆盖。at a time每次，一次at the same time 同时in time 及时；迟早，总有一天on time 准时all the time 一直，始终in no time 立即，马上at no time 从不，决不We cant do two things at a time.我们不能一次做两件事。At times I go out to the beach.有时候我到海滩去。At no time will I regret what I have done today.我决不会后悔今天所做的事。名师点津at no time 是具有否定意义的短语，放在句首时句子要部分倒装。 access n入口；通道；使用途径；接近(教材P16)The WWF works hard to protect freshwater environment from pollution and to help people in developing countries have access to safe，clean water.世界野生生物基金会努力保护淡水环境不被污染，帮助发展中国家的人们使用安全、干净的水。(1)have easy/good access to(地方)近便have/gain/get access to 进入权have access to a phone/a computer 附近有电话/电脑可用with easy access to 离很近(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的be accessible to 能进入；易接近；可以理解The only access to that building is along this muddy track.只有沿这条泥泞小路才能到达那幢大楼。You need a password to get access to the computersystem.使用这个计算机系统需要口令。Teachers have free access to the library.教师可以自由使用图书馆。The system is accessible(access) to the students to get digital resources of the library.这个系统可以为学生所利用以获得图书馆的数字资源。.语境填词1The biologist concentrated on observing(observe) the phenomenon.2The company released(release) information about the new mine in Australia.3This book is easily accessible(access) to the young reader.选词填空1He was_released_from prison after serving his sentence.2At_one_time people thought that the earth was flat.3Only a few people have_access_to the full facts of the case.4Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate_on science subjects. (教材P15)Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given，and some thought the project should_never_have_been_allowed.许多人认为不会得到许可，也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不该被允许。【要点提炼】should never have been allowed属于“情态动词have done”结构的否定形式，should have done表示“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”，含有责备或遗憾的意味。“情态动词have done”结构：(1)must have done用于肯定句，表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。(2)cant have done表示“不可能做了某事”，用于对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测。(3)could have done表示“本能做某事(而实际上没做)”。(4)might have done a表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”；b.表示责备、惋惜之情，意为“本可以做某事(而事实上没做)”。(5)neednt have done表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。You must have seen the film Les Choristes.你肯定看过电影放牛班的春天。George cant_have_gone too far. His coffee is still warm.乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。He could_have_passed the exam，but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试的，但是他太粗心了。 (教材P15)The fabric is going to be suspended above the river so_that the work of art can be seen from both above and below.这件织物将被悬在河的正上方，这样一来，这件艺术品从上方和下方就都能被看到了。【要点提炼】句中so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”。(1)so that引导目的状语从句：从句中常含有can/could，may/might等情态动词，从句和主句不用逗号隔开，此时so that可用in order that替换(in order that可位于句首，而so that不能)。(2)so that引导结果状语从句：从句可用逗号与主句隔开，从句中一般没有情态动词。My old father began to study the computer at the age of sixty so that(in order that)he might keep up with the times.我的老父亲60岁时开始学电脑，以便跟上时代。She had not planned her time well, so_that she did not finish her homework on time.她没把时间安排好，所以她没按时完成家庭作业。 (教材P16)Rivers，lakes and wetlands are sources of fresh water，not_only for humans，but for wildlife as well.河流、湖泊和湿地不仅是人类也是野生生物的淡水来源。【要点提炼】not only.but(also).表示“不仅而且”，一般用于连接并列的句子成分。有时用as well代替also，但as well常置于句尾。(1)语法功能：连接平行结构名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、句子等。(2)主谓一致：它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(3)倒装：not only.but(also).连接并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句部分倒装，but(also)所在的分句不倒装。He not only read the book，but also remembered what he had read.他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。Not only Tom but also Mary and I are(be) fond of watching TV.不仅汤姆而且玛丽和我都喜欢看电视。完成句子1在钱方面，你本当更小心点的。You _ in money matters.2他话音洪亮，以便每个人都能听得见。He rolled out the words, _.3她不仅漂亮而且聪明。_ but also she is intelligent.【答案】1.should have been more careful2.so that everyone could hear3.Not only is she pretty 被动语态阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1The debt must be paid off before next month.2The broken bike is being repaired now.3The work will be finished in three hours.4He has no memory of having been praised.5They are to see the concert being held in Shanghai at present.一、谓语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成，其各种时态形式见下表：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式 done进行式完成式had been done注：情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be doneMo Yan is regarded as a brilliant man.(一般现在时)莫言被认为是个才华横溢的人。This book was published in 1981.(一般过去时)这本书出版于1981年。A new railway is now being built.(现在进行时)一条新铁路正在修建。Such a thing has never been heard of before.(现在完成时)这种事以前从未听说过。The cat was being washed when we called him.(过去进行时)我们给他打电话时他在给猫洗澡。He said the factory had been opened.(过去完成时)他说这家工厂已经开张。 A new bridge will be built over the river.(一般将来时)河上将建一座新桥。The work must be finished at once.(情态动词be done)这项工作必须立刻完成。名师点津(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用于被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。This sweater washes well.(wash表示主语的性能)这件外套很好洗。(2)某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，appear等，用主动表示被动，常接形容词或名词作表语。It sounds good.那听上去很好。(3)表示运动变化的某些动词，如drive，change，move等。The traffic light changed green.交通灯变绿了。二、非谓语动词的被动语态1构成非谓语动词的被动语态包括一般式和完成式。其构成如下表：非谓语动词一般式完成式动名词being donehaving been done现在分词being donehaving been done不定式to be doneto have been doneThe little childs wish is to be taken to Disneyland.(不定式一般式的被动语态)这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪士尼乐园。Her latest book is said to have been translated into Chinese.(不定式完成式的被动语态) 她最新出版的书据说已被译成中文了。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.(动名词一般式的被动语态)这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱了。The building being built now is our teaching building.(现在分词一般式的被动语态)正在建的这座建筑物是我们的教学楼。Having been invited to speak.Ill have to start making preparations tomorrow.(现在分词完成式的被动语态)因被邀请讲话，我明天就得开始做准备。2不用被动语态的情况(1)need，want，require，be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。(主动表被动)(2)不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，此类形容词包括：difficult，comfortable，pleasant，fit，interesting，unfit，light，heavy，dangerous，etc.。The sentence is easy to understand.这个句子容易理解。(understand与the sentence构成动宾关系)(3)不定式作名词的后置定语和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义。She had only a cold room to live in.她只有一间寒冷的房间居住。(live in与room有逻辑上的动宾关系)。(4)在be to结构中的一些不定式。这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。这类动词有blame，seek，let(出租)等。You are to blame for the accident.你应该为这次事故负责。(be