语法专题It的用法.doc

语法专题：It的用法一、 考情分析与命题趋势综观近几年的高考英语试题，it句型的考查频频出现，成为比较重点的知识点。以下我们结合历年高考试题，将it的常见考点作一归纳分析。试题注重情景的设置，需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系，正确分析结构，理解句意是做此类题目的关键。命题的热点集中于以下几个方面: 1. it/that/one用法区别。2. 作形式主语或形式宾语（主要代替v-ing,，to do或从句）。3. 用于强调句或固定句型（it is/was when/since/before）中 。4. 考查it 构成的习语，it也常表示抽象的情况,属于虚指. 如:Take it easy。二、it的用法总结（一）作人称代词(1) 代替前面或后面提到过的东西或事情。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it? They say he has left town, but I dont believe it. (2) 代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用。Is this your car? No, it isnt.Whats that? Its a videoWhose room is this? It is theirs.(3) 用来指身份不明的人，还可指不明性别的婴儿。Whos there? Its me. (Its John)Go and see who it is that rings. Its Bill. Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. Who is it? Its me.Who are singing? It is the children.The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.The Greens have a new baby. Its lovely. The baby cried because it was hungry.(4) it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合，相当于a/an+单数名词，表泛指概念。Do you still have the bicycle? No, I have sold it.Is this knife yours? No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is the one on the desk.(5) it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个，相当于the单数/不可数名词。The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）（二）作无人称代词it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示时间、距离、天气、量度，价值等。 Its Sunday today. It is / has been three months since he came here. It is has been three years since we saw each otherlast. It was some time before he realized the truth.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again.It was September when we began our senior high school. This That It is was will be the first second third time that该句型意为“这是那是这将是某人第某某次干某事了”。当主句的谓语动词用is时，从句谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句的谓语动词用was时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；当主句的谓语动词用will be时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时（表示将来）。It is the first time that I have spoken to a foreigner The couple told us it was the fourth time that they had visited West LakeIt is （high） time that sb. did sth. 该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”, 从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。Its six oclock. It is high time that we went homenow. How far is it to the Great Wall?It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). Its getting dark. It is eighteen square meters in area. How much is the coat? Its ninety dollars.（三）作形式主语或形式宾语（主要代替to do，v-ing, 或从句）。为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。（1） 作形式主语。1代替不定式短语。It is adj.（for sb.sth.） to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, Interesting, surprising等。如：It is necessary to change your job. It was very hard for them to walk such a long way inthe snow.It is n.（for sb.sth.） to do sth.用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, onesjob, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderfulplay.It is bad manners for the young to take up the seatsfor the old.It is adj.of sb.to do sth.此句型中的adj.主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。How silly it was of you to give up such a goodchance！It is friendly of the family to try to make me feelat home in their house.It takes sb.一段时间to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：It takes half an hour to go there on foot. It took us half an hour to ride to the town by thesea.It is up to sbto do sth该句型意为“该由某人负责干某事”。 It is up to you to look after the childrenWho is it up _ the first company_ is run by the state？ Ato take charge of；which Cfor to take charge of；that Bto to take charge of；that Dto to taking charge of；which 2代替动名词短语。It is adj.（n.）doing sth.此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：nolittle use, nomuch good, useless等。Its no use crying over spilt milk. Its no good smoking. Its worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.3代替主语从句。It is was 形容词名词that从句。It is quite important that China become an official member of WTOIt is necessary that you ask your parents for help when you are in trouble.It is our duty that we serve the people heart and soul. It is 及物动词的过去分词that从句 此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。It is known that Taiwan is part of China It is reported that the Russian President will visitChina next week.It 不及物动词that从句此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem, happen, appear, matter等，意为“似乎看起来/碰巧”。It seems that everyone has known the news. It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.It happened that I met my good friends in the museumyesterday. It doesnt matter what you do.(07福建) Its none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself.A how B what C which D when (2)作形式宾语。1 代替不定式短语。I consider it better to be early. We found it impossible to get there before July .(2006全国I)The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A that B it C this D him (2006湖南卷) As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it2 代替动名词短语。 We thought it no use doing that.3 代替宾语从句。The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time. We thought it strange that Mr. Smith did not come last night. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。）（四）作强调词，构成强调结构。 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。强化训练1. My bike is missing. I cant find _ anywhere. A. one B. ones C. it D. that 2. - Whos that? - _ Professor Li. A. Thats B. Its C. Hes D. Thiss3. _ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. A. It B. He C. She D. That4. - Have you ever seen a whale alive? - Yes, Ive seen _. A. that B. it C. such D. one5. The color of my coat is different from _ of yours. A. this B. that C. it D. one6. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A. It B. There C. Those D. You7. We think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it8. The climate of Shanghai is better than _ of Nanjing.A. that B. it C. which D. what9. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is10. How long _ to finish the work? A. youll take B. youll take it C. will it take you D. will take you11. It was through Xiao Li _ I got to know Xiao Wang. A. who B. whom C. how D. that12. It was in the rice fields _ we had our league meeting.A. where B. that C. in which D. on which13. It was on October 1st _ new China was founded. A. which B. when C. as D. that14. Was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave? A. and B. that C. thats D. so15. Mary speaks in a low voice; _ is difficult to know what she is saying.A. it B. that C. so D. she16. It was _ I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many years when17. _ is not everybody _ can draw so well. A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that18. So _ that no fish can live in it. A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow练习一、15 CBADB 610 ADADC 1115 DBDBA 1618 CBA名校试题1.（安徽师大附2008年第一次模拟考试，29） We all thought _ a question _we could raise enough money for the project. A. that; that B. it; whether C. it; that D. that; whether【解析】it做形式宾语，代替后文的从句；问题是是否能筹集到足够的钱，故应用whether。2.（2007年浙江省第二次五校联考，8）How long do you think _ the Microsoft brings out a new product?A. it will be beforeB. will it be until C. will it be whenD. it will be that【解析】本句是一个特殊疑问句，前面有do you think插入语，应该用陈述语序，因此排除BC，根据句意可知应该是“微软公司研制出一种新产品需要花费多长时间”，不是考查强调句型，因此应选A3.（宁夏银川一中2008届高三年级第三次模拟考试，23）-Do you have New Concept English in your shop? -Yes, but no more than one copy. Would you like to take _?A. it B. them C.some D. one 【解析】根据句意可以得知，店中只有一本了，故用it表示上文出现的内容。4.（宁夏中卫中学20072008学年第二学期高三第一次模拟考试，23）- How long will you be staying? - I dont know. . A. Thats OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesnt matter【解析】根据句意可以得知，不清楚停留多长时间，因此用It depends.（看情况而定）5.（厦门市2009年高中毕业班质量检查，31）一When did you learn the news that Obama made a trip to Canada as President? 一 was on my return AThat BIt CThere DThis【解析】根据句意可以得知，问的是时间，it可以指代时间，属于it的实指用法。6.（山东省莒南一中20082009学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，23）He didnt make clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. thisB. thatC. itD. these【解析】本题中，it用作形式宾语指代when and where the meeting would be held从句。7.（山东省烟台市2009届高三下学期模块检测，34）Does _please you to give gifts to others? Sure A. it B. that C. one D. he【解析】 本题中，it用作形式主语，代替to give gifts to others8.（山东省日照市2009届高三上学期教学质量检测，22）Though we found _difficult to avoid economic and financial crisis, we must take measures to reduce its negative impact. Ait BoneCthatDhow【解析】it在句中用作形式宾语，代替后文的to avoid economic and financial crisis9.（山东省威海市2007年普通高中毕业班教学质量检测31）Do you think_ worthwhile to go all the way to Los Angles to buy that computer?Well, Im going to visit some relatives, too. AitB/CthisDthat【解析】在本句中，it为形式宾语，代替下文的to go all the way to Los Angles to buy that computer。而其他选项不能作形式宾语。10.（山东省济南市2007年3月高三年级统一考试，23）No one knows exactly when our ancestors started talking，but new evidence suggests _might have happened a long time ago A. which B. what C. it D. they【解析】it在句中指时间，属于实指。11.（山东省聊城市2007高三第一次模拟试题，21）Really great people always see the best in others; it is the little man who looks for the worst and finds . AoneBitCthat Dthem【解析】根据句意可以得知“伟人常常看到别人的最好的一面，而小人则只看到了别人不最好的一面”it此处特指上文的the worst。高考真题：03-08高考试题汇编1. （2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试，35 ） The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. Athat Bit Cthis Dhim2.（2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试湖南卷，26）As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it3.（2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷，24） Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. it C. this D. you 4.（2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷，4） _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It5.（2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I，26） If I can help_, I dont like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them6.（2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷I，7） _ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That7.（2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷，24）_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. AThis BThat CWhat DIt 8.（2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试陕西卷，16） There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; oneC. one; it D. it; it9.（2007 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷，1） He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these10.（2007 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷，16） He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It考题预测1. When can we come to visit you? Anytime you feel like .A. oneB. itC .soD. that【解析】 it 此处为实指，指代上文提到的时间，而其他选项不能指代时间。2. _was known to them all that William had broken his promise_ he would give each of them a gift. A. As, which B. What, that C. It, that D. It, which3. How long are you staying there? depends. A. ItB. AnythingC. ThisD. Everything4. I hate _ when young people speak to the elderly in a rude way. A. this B. that C. it D. one5. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he6. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 7. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it8. I was disappointed with the film . I had expected _ to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D. it9. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. it B. she C. which D. he10.- Do you like here? -Oh, yes, the air, the weather and the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. this B. there C. that D. it高考英语陷阱题大揭密it 的用法典型陷阱题分析1. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire. A. it, it B. what, what C. it, whatD. what, it【分析】答案是D。(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations. A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do. A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it2. I dislike _ when others laugh at me in publicorthink poorly of me behind.A. that B. those C. itD. them【分析】答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I dont like it when (if) 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。She wont like it if you arrive late. He hates it when people use his bike. (1) I hate _ if people say such things in public. A. that B. those C. it D. them(2) Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sundays. A. that B. such C. itD. which(3) I would appreciate _ very much if you could give me some suggestions. A. this B. that C. it D.you3. Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was. A. he B. that C. she D. it【分析】答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不用it。比较：(1) Mr. Smith is at the door. _ wants to see you. (2) Someone is at the door. _ must be Mr. Smith.A. He B. It C. This D. That4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.” “I know _ nearby. Come on, Ill show you.” A. one B. it C. someD. that【分析】答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。I havent got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)(one =a repair shop) There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _.A. it B. one C. another D. any5. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away? A. it B. me C. yourself D. them【分析】答案是A。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：(1) Ill see to _ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. A. it B. me C. whichD. them(2) Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible? A. me B. yourself C. it D. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：(1) You may depend on _ that he will turn