超细破碎机的设计论文[带图纸].doc

摘要I摘要随着破碎机技术的不断发展，人们物料的入磨粒度大小的要求日益增高，这就要求现有市场上的破碎机能够高效率、高质量的对原材料进行加工。而入磨粒度大小是影响下一步工序的关键因素。同时在破碎加工过程中，由于入磨粒度的大小，也会对原材料的输出有影响。因此，去减小入磨粒度是破碎机生产中一道必不可少的工序。物料粉碎可增加物料比表面积可加快物料在参与反应中的反应速度；其次在加工大块矿石时也有十分重要意义；并未原料的下一步加工工作做准备或便于使用。现代工程需要越来越多的高纯超细粉碎，超细粉碎技术在高技术研究开发中将起着越来越重要的作用。本课题旨在利用现代的技术对超细破碎机的设计与研究。目前国内生产的破碎设备主要分鄂式、立轴式、反击式和锤式等种类。大多数产品在针对具体行业时，一般能满足行业特定的要求。但超细破碎机确是今后的一个研究方向。目前国内的冲击式和锤式破碎机能将1000mm的大块物料，一次性粉碎至10-30mm以下。自磨机更是可以将600mm的物料一次粉碎至0.044mm以下，即一台机器就能完成从粗碎到细碎及磨碎的整个工艺过程。总之，近年来国内外对破碎机尤其是超细破碎机的研究依然比较热，主要针对解决减小入磨粒度提高原材料利用率等方面。据介绍目前世界上有约15%的电能消耗在粉碎作业中，而且逐年增加，加之目前能源短缺，急需不断改善粉碎研磨作业，如采用“多碎少磨”工艺特别是研制高效粉碎设备和改进现有研磨机械，对于达到优质、高产、低成本、低能耗具有十分重要意义。关键词：超细破碎机、锤式、转子、细碎、入磨粒度大小。AbstractIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthetechnologyofcrusher,peopleofgrindingmaterialintotheparticlesizeoftherisingdemand,whichrequirestheexistingmarketcrushercanhighefficiency,highqualityofrawmaterialsformachining.Andintothegroundparticlesizeisthekeyfactorofaffectthenextstepprocess.Atthesametimeincrushingprocessingprocess,becauseofthesize,particlesizeintothegroundtotheoutputoftherawmaterialshaveinfluence.Therefore,toreducegroundparticlesizeistheproductionofanecessarycrusherprocess.Formaterialcrushingcanincreasethematerialsurfaceareacanspeedupthematerialinthaninthereactionspeedofresponse；Secondintheprocessingoforealsohaveveryimportantsense；Notthenextstepintherawmaterialprocessingprepareforworkoreasytouse.Modernengineeringneedmoreandmorehighpuritysuperfinecrushing,superfinecrushingtechnologyinhightechnologyresearchanddevelopmentwillplayamoreandmoreimportantrole.Thisprojectaimstousemoderntechnologyofultrafinecrusherdesignandresearch.Thecurrentdomesticproductionofbrokenequipmentismainlypointsthehubeitype,verticalshafttype,fightbackstyleandofhammertypecategories.Mostproductsinspecificindustryingeneralcanmeettherequirementsoftheindustryspecific.Butsuperfinecrusherisreallyoneofthefutureresearchdirection.Thecurrentdomesticandtheimpactofthetypeofhammertypebrokenfunctionwill1000mmchunksofmaterial,one-timecrushingto10-30mmbelow.Sincethemillcanbemorewillbe600mmmaterialacrushingto0.044mm,namelythefollowingamachinecanfinishfromcrushingtofinelyandgrindingthewholeprocess.Allinall,athomeandabroadinrecentyearsespeciallysuperfinecrusherforcrusherresearchisstillhot,mainlyinsolvingthegrindingsizereducedimprovetheutilizationrateofrawmaterials,etc.Accordingtointroducingtheworldthatabout15%ofelectricityconsumptioninthedismantlingofassignments,andincreaseyearbyyear,togetherwiththecurrentenergyshortage,theneedtoconstantlyimprovethecrushinggrindingoperation,suchasthe"broken"processespeciallygrindinglessdevelopedefficientcrushingequipmentandimproveexistinggrindingmachines,toachievehighyield,highquality,lowcost,lowenergyconsumptionhasaveryimportantsignificance.Keywords:superfinecrusher,ofhammertype,rotorandthesmaller,intothegroundparticlesize.III目录Abstract···························································································I目录·····························································································III第一章绪论··················································································11.1课题的背景及国内外研究现状······················································11.2矿石的力学性能与锤式破碎机的选择·············································41.3超细破碎机粉碎方式··································································41.4课题的研究内容及意义·····························································6第二章总体方案设计及主要参数的设计···············································72.1总体方案设计···········································································72.2整机主要结构介绍·····································································82.3超细破碎机外部结构参数设计计算·················································82.3.1超细破碎机转子部分的参数值确定···········································82.3.2超细破碎机进/出料口尺寸的参数值确定····································92.3.3超细破碎机转子转速的初步确定··············································92.3.4超细破碎机生产率的确定·····················································102.3.5超细破碎机电动机功率的确定···············································102.3.6超细破碎机传动方式的确定···················································112.3.7超细破碎机锤头的拟定·························································11第三章主要结构设计·······································································133．1超细破碎机锤头的设计计算·····················································133.1.1锤轴中心与打击中心距离的设计············································133.1.2锤头质量的设计计算····························································14IV3．2超细破碎机主轴的设计计算·····················································163.2.1轴的材料的选择及轴颈的初步确定·········································163.2.2结构设计的合理性验证························································183.3锤架的结构设计与计算·····························································203.3.1销轴的直径值的确定···························································203.4轴承的选择及校核···································································213.4.1轴承润滑方式的确定···························································223.5飞轮的设计计算·······································································223.6键的校核···············································································23第四章部分零部件的精度设计·························································244.1配合的选择············································································244.2一般公差的选取······································································244.3形位公差···············································································24第五章总结与展望········································································26总结······························································································26工作展望·······················································································26参考文献·······················································································27致谢····························································································28第一章绪论1第一章绪论1.1课题的背景及国内外研究现状粉碎（包括破碎和磨碎）是当代飞速发展的经济社会必不可少的一个工业环节。在各种金属、非金属、化工矿物原料及建筑材料的加工过程中，粉碎作业要消耗巨大的能量，,而且又是个低效作业。物料粉碎过程中，由于作业中产生发声、发热、振动和摩擦等作用，使能源大量消耗。因而多年来界内人士一直在研究如何达到节能、高效地完成破碎和磨碎过程。从理论研究到创新设备（包括改造旧有的设备）直至改变生产工艺流程。目前，破碎理论、工艺和设备的研究主要着重于：①研究在破碎中节能、高效的理论，也力求找出新理论，突破人们已熟知的破碎三大理论；②研究新的非机械力高能或多力场联合作用的破碎设备，目前还未见有工业化的设备供应市场，只是处于研究阶段；③改进现有设备，这方面经常是用户根据自己的需要来进行，而不见市场上大规模生产或研制新设备。物料的破碎是许多行业（如冶金、矿山、建材、化工、陶瓷筑路等）产品生产中不可缺少的工艺过程。由于物料的物理性质和结构差异很大，为适应各种物料的要求，破碎机的品种也是五花八门的。就金属矿选矿而言，破碎是选矿厂的首道工序,为了分离有用矿物,不但分为粗碎、中碎、细碎，而且还要磨矿。磨矿是选矿厂的耗能大户（约占全厂耗电的50%）,为了节能和提高生产效率，所以提出了“多碎少磨”的技术原则。这使破碎机向细碎、粉碎和高效节能方向发展。另外随着工业自动化的发展,破碎机也向自动化方向迈进（如国外产品已实现机电液一体化、连续检测,并自动调节给料速率、排矿口尺寸及破碎力等)。随着开采规模的扩大,破碎机也在向大型化发展,如粗碎旋回破碎机的处理能力已达6000t/h。至于新原理和新方式的破碎(如电、热破碎)尚在研究试验中,暂时还不能用于生产。对粗碎而言,目前还没有研制出更新的设备以取代传统的颚式破碎机和旋回式破碎机，主要是利用现代技术,予以改进、完善和提高耐磨性，达到节能、高效、长寿的目的。细碎方面新机型更多些。总的来看,值得提出的有：颚式破碎机、圆锥破碎机、冲击式破碎机和辊压机。现代工程将需要越来越多的高纯超细粉碎，超细粉碎技术在高技术研究开