2019高考英语二轮题海特训营（7）阅读理解推理判断三.docx

阅读理解-推理判断三1、More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said. But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.2.According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year _.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.Hes puzzled.B.Hes worried.C.Hes surprised.D.Hes annoyed.4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.2、 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings, the proportion(比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and27 percent respectively today. The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28,remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Childrens reading habits.B.Quality of childrens books.C.Childrens after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm childrens health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask then to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.3、How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments -mostly for entertainment purposes - is fair and respectful? Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats.Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range.The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs. The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered.Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild.Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.1.How would the author describe the animals life in zoos?A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.2.In the state of zoochosis, animals _.A.remain in cagesB.behave strangelyC.attack other animalsD.enjoy moving around3.What does the author try to argue in the passage?A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.4.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _.A.pointing out the faults in what zoos doB.using evidence he has collected at zoosC.questioning the way animals are protectedD.discussing the advantages of natural habitats4、As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.3.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.5、There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman . There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers feeling for packaging, noticed. Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.我Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. Thats why the round yellow M signs of McDonalds are inviting to both young and old. This new consumer response (反应) to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.1.According to the passage, _ seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.A.the pleasing color of the packageB.the special taste of the productC.the strange shape of the packageD.the belief in the product2.If a package or a product is round in shape, it can _.A.bring excitement to the consumersB.attract the consumers attentionC.catch the eye movement of the consumersD.produce a happy and peaceful feeling3.“And the word green today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are _.A.starting to notice the importance of new foodB.enjoying the beauty of nature more than beforeC.beginning to like green vegetablesD.paying more attention to their health4.It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of _.6、 Many Americans think of driverless cars as a futuristic technology that will revolutionize travel in cities and along state highways. But recent experiments are proving that autonomous vehicles also have the potential to improve the quality of life for millions of Americans underserved by traditional modes of transportation, such as the elderly and disabled, so long as lawmakers make smart policies that pave the way for innovation. A retirement community in San Jose, Calif. , which has been transformed by a small fleet of driverless taxis, shows the potential of self-driving cars to transform peoples lives. Built by a tech start-up called Voyage, the modified Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road, but residents are already having the benefits of these autonomous vehicles, which allow them to participate in social activities they would otherwise be unable to enjoy simply because they could not get to them. When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residentswhose average age is 76will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments. As these cars continue to serve residents there, it is easy to understand why California is moving to simplify regulations for the industry. In Michigan, forward-thinking policies have the potential to unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disabilities. The Michigan Disability Rights Coalition has strongly advocated for the development of this technology, saying that it could give people with disabilities greater opportunities in the workforce and enable them to lead more fulfilling, independent lives. Many recognize that autonomous vehicles will be the future of transportation, but it is too often overlooked that this future cannot arrive fast enough for millions of Americans who are forced to depend on others for day-to-day travel. The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.1.Whats the attitude of most American people to the future of autonomous vehicles?A.Curious.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.2.What is the modified Ford Fusion?A.A kind of autonomous vehicle.B.A fleet of driverless taxis.C.A road for driverless cars.D.A retirement community.3.What are examples in California and Michigan to prove?A.Driverless cars disadvantages.B.Governments right decisions.C.Benefits to the aged and the disabled.D.The regulations are forward-thinking.4.What does the author attempt to inform us in the last paragraph?A.The benefits of driverless cars have been fully unlocked.B.Regulations should go hand in hand with driverless technology.C.The concept of autonomous vehicles has been widely recognized.D.The weak groups are often overlooked despite technology advances.A.vegetable dishB.healthy juiceC.iced drinkD.red vegetable 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C解析： 1.本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第三段可知,TonyHiggins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大学教育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。故选A。3.观点态度题。在第四段中出现了evidence of student hardship, heing forced into earning money, are forced to work等体现Owain James观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对间隔年这一现象表示担忧。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选C。【长难句分析】This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service(UCAS). UCAS提供的大学录取数据显示,今年有25310名已经被高等院校录取的学生已经将他们的入校时间推迟到明年。本句为主从复合句。who have.institutions作定语从句修饰students; according to.UCAS作状语,其中 provided by.作后置定语修饰statistics。put off“推迟”。 2答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A解析：据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示,青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣,阅读的时间,阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。1. 推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章,我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣,孩子们阅读的时间,孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为:孩子们的阅读习惯;B项意为:孩子们所读书籍的质量;C项意为:孩子们的课后活动;D项意为:父母与孩子的关系。故选A。2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知,很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说,为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知,许多家长仍然限制电子阅读,主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多,也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知,有明显的证据表明,父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说,父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。点睛:作此类型的题时,一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了,整篇文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意,第28题我们也不难看出答案,本文讲的肯定不是质量,不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯,即孩子们的阅读习惯。 3答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A解析：1.本文讲述的是人类对于动物的圈养问题,给动物带来了很多的伤害。建议我们不要再支持动物园的这样的做法。推理题。根据文章第四段The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise.可知这样的动物通常在精神上和身体都受到摧残的。都很不开心。故B正确。2.推理题。根据文章第四段A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.可知这样的一些动物的情况都很反常,和在大自然里的情况完全不一样。故B正确。3.推理题。作者主要描述了动物园圈养动物的不好的地方,建议我们不要再支持动物园这样的行为。故A正确。4.推理题。作者在组织本文的时候,主要通过指出动物园的做法的错误来告诉我们动物园做法的不妥之处。故A正确。 4答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C解析：文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用,也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。1. 推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American cultu