江苏专版2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解阅读理解组合练三.docx

阅读理解组合练(三)(限时30分钟)A(2017苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)“In the past going to the dentist wasnt always easy, but today it IS! New dental technologies like air abrasion (研磨) mean up to 80% of patients dont even need a shot! Other stateoftheart advancements make your treatment completely comfortable. Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”Dr. John B. GentleTotal Family CareChildren very welcomeComfortable ultrasonic cleaningSealants to prevent holesFluoride treatmentsLifelike false teeth and partialsTomorrows Dentistry TodayAir abrasion means dentistry without drills or needles！Inmouth camera examination provides unmatched diagnostic and treatment accuracyComputer imaging shows theresults before work is doneCosmetics (美容) For Your Best SmileTeeth whitening fast results, very affordableMercury (汞)free, white fillings match your natural teeth Porcelain crowns for stained or badlooking teethNaturallooking, durableConveniences24 hour emergency treatmentCable TV in every roomFree second opinionPrepayment discountsInterestfree financingInsurance acceptedCredit cards and online pay acceptedCall now for your free inmouth camera examination：语篇解读：本文是一则广告，介绍了一家牙科诊所的先进技术、家庭式服务和便利设施等。1Who might be most interested in this advertisement?AThose who want to receive tooth treatment.BThose who want to become dentists.CThose who want to sell tooth medical equipment.DThose who want to write an article on tooth care.解析：选A推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“going to the dentist”“Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”可知，这则广告可能会吸引需要治疗牙齿的人。2According to the advertisement, those who may go to the dentists are probably attracted by_.Afree emergency treatmentBcheapest naturallooking cosmeticsCnew dental technologiesDdiscounted inmouth camera examination解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“New dental technologies . Other stateoftheart advancements make your treatment completely comfortable”及Tomorrows Dentistry Today部分的内容可知，新的牙科技术可能是其吸引人之处。B(2017苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one cant help getting sucked into the flame wars that are Internet comment threads. But psychologists say this addictive form of vitriolic (刻薄) back and forth should be avoided or simply checked by online media outlets because it actually damages society and mental health.A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages, said Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. First, commenters are often nearly nameless, and thus, unaccountable to their rudeness. Second, they are at a distance from the target of their anger be it the article theyre commenting on or another comment on that article and people tend to go against distant abstractions more easily than living, breathing talkers. Third, its easier to be nasty in writing than in speech, hence the now somewhat outofdate practice of leaving angry notes (back when people used paper), Markman said.And finally, Edward Wasserman, Knight Professor in Journalism Ethics at Washington and Lee University, noted another cause of the vitriol: bad examples set by the media. “Unfortunately, mainstream media have made a fortune teaching people the wrong ways to talk to each other. People understandably conclude anger is the political vernacular (行话), that this is how public ideas are talked about，” Wasserman wrote in an article on his universitys website “It isnt.”In Markmans opinion, media outlets should cut down on the anger and hatred that have become the model in reader exchanges. “Its valuable to allow all sides of an argument to be heard. To a greater degree, someone who is making a reasonable point but in an angry tone is hurting the nature of the argument, because they are prompting people to respond in a similar way，” he said.For their part, people should seek out actual human beings to communicate with, Markman said and we should make a point of including a few people in our social circles who think differently from us. “Youll develop a healthy respect for people whose opinions differ from your own; the backandforth negotiation that goes on in having a conversation with someone you dont agree with is a skill and its not easy to master it，” Markman said.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。网络上的针对某一话题进行的愤怒评论其实是有害于社会和心理健康的，文中建议人们要理智地交流并尊重那些与自己的意见不同的人们。3Why do psychologists encourage people to stop attacking each other online?AThe social problems are too complex to figure out.BThe online media outlets will review the comments.CThe action does harm to society and individuals.DThe Internet users are easily attached to hot topics.解析：选C细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句话可以看出心理学家呼吁人们避免网络攻击，并给出理由“because it actually damages society and mental health”，即网络攻击实际上对社会和(个人的)心理健康有害，所以C项正确。4What can we learn from the analysis by Markman?APeople are cautious to make vitriolic remarks online.BThe targets online are more likely to be commented on.CUnderstanding the literal meaning is easier than oral language.DAn argument in an angry tone can promote its power.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages”以及下文列出的三个具体原因可推知，网上评论的某些特性使得网络上的(攻击)对象更易招致评论，所以B项正确。5What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?ATo show different ways of expressing opinions.BTo reveal the severe problems of the public media.CTo raise the awareness of proper communication.DTo urge people to carry out actual offline communication.解析：选C写作目的题。本篇文章某种程度上采用了典型的“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的结构，所以解决问题是文章的主要意图。从最后一段可以看出解决问题的方法，即要允许并尊重不同观点的存在且掌握和与自己观点不同的人沟通、协商的技巧，而C项“提升(人们)正确交流的意识”对文章的解读正与此相对应，所以C项正确。C(2017南京市、盐城市高三模拟)Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to reevaluate its ethical oversight (伦理上的疏忽) of governmentfunded primate (灵长类) research. Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine (they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinsons, for example), researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully. To that end, the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primatebased research and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward.Researchers could reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions, says David OConnor, a pathologist at the University of WisconsinMadison. OConnor is walking_the_walk:_his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates, and he immediately posts all the results online. The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates. The Seattlebased Allen Institute for Brain Science, which uses rhesus macaques, small South Asian monkeys, to study the molecular basis of brain development, also makes all results public. OConnor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary”. Still, he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require a change in “normative behavior” sciences strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peerreviewed journal. One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of human clinical trials, says Christine Grady, a bioethicist at the NIH. US law requires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public, even if a study fails or is inconclusive. This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice. Nancy Haigwood, director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center, also says data sharing is “the way of the future”. Her center hosts 4,800 primates to study a variety of human diseases. She currently contributes results from her center to OConnors website. “I dont see a drawback，” she says. “We have to share data more quickly.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了更人道地对待灵长类动物，在实验过程中减少对它们的伤害，研究者之间应该做到数据共享，增加实验数据的透明度。6What does Congress think of the primate research?AIt has done a great deal of good to advances in biomedicine.BIt is a huge waste of money to conduct research on primates.CPrimatebased research must be stopped for moral reasons.DProper attention should be given to treating primates humanely.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Last year Congress issued a moral call . primate (灵长类) research.”及“. researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and .”可知，美国国会要求研究人员更人道地对待灵长类动物。7The underlined phrase “walking the walk” in Paragraph 2 shows that OConnor _.Ais the leader in fighting Zika virus in primatesBis walking away from his own responsibilityCis carrying out what he has said he should doDis taking a tough road when posting his data解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的内容可知，他的实验室把所有的研究结果公布在网络上，这与他前面所说的研究人员可以通过数据共享来减少对非人灵长类动物所做的实验一致，所以此处指他在践行他说的话。8According to OConnor, what might prevent scientists from sharing their data?AThe deeprooted culture that data should be kept secret until published.BThe fact that scientists are reluctant to change their way of research.CThe requirement that most clinical trials should be registered online.DThe fear that they will be laughed at if a study fails or is inconclusive.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“. because it would require a change in normative behavior sciences strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peerreviewed journal”可知，阻碍数据共享的是人们根深蒂固的文化，即在出版之前研究数据必须保密。9What could be the best title for the passage?AThe Merciless Practice of Primate ResearchBTo Treat Primates More Humanely: TransparencyCTo Abandon Experiments on Primates: Final GoalDThe Burden of Research on Nonhuman Primates解析：选B标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是为了更人道地对待灵长类动物，在实验过程中减少对它们的伤害，研究人员应该和他人共享实验数据，做到实验数据的透明。所以选择B。D(2017苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研)Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language? Thats just one of the questions The New Yorkers writer and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her autobiography, about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose name Olivier she couldnt even pronounce properly. When in French ranges from the humorously personal story to a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (语言学)The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground: his continent, my language”. But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Oliviers work. The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss “nearly speechless”. The language barrier, and her dependence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely, but not ridiculous” Geneva. She comments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. To be cut off from it is to be, in a sense, homeless.”Her sense of alienation (疏离感) leads to an examination of Americas miserable record when it comes to foreign languages.“Linguists call America the graveyard of languages because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations，” Collins writes. Educated in Wilmington, N. C. , and at Princeton, she could like the vast majority of Americans only speak their mother tongue.Eight months after she moved to Switzerland, Collins gave up on the natural acquisition of language and finally attended a French course.As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形异义). “Although its difficult, French can be tried，” she says.French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn, especially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “ English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance (遗产), but Ive worked for every bit of French Ive banked.”Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins goals for learning French were more modest. “I wanted to speak French and to sound like a North Carolinian.” She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate with her inlaws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language”. She admits that she feels different speaking French. “Its austerity (朴素) made me feel more confused.” Readers looking for the romantic spark of classic crosscultural love stories featuring an outgoing American and a shy Frenchman will find flashes of it here. Among the many cultural differences the couple argue over is her enthusiastic American habit of applying the verb love to express enthusiasm for shoes, strawberries, and husbands alike. But theres far more to Collins book than fantastic comedy, and those who have weathered linguistic crossings themselves tend to find particular resonance (共鸣) in its inquiry into language, identity, and transcultural translation.Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses, When in French works its way from The Past Perfect (Le Plusqueparfait) to The Present (Le Prsent) and The Conditional (Le Conditionnel). Collins ends on a delightful note with Le Futur fitting for a new mother about to move with her hardwon French husband, French language, and Swissborn daughter to the Frenchspeaking city of her dreams, Paris.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Lauren Collins的自传When in French的相关内容。10Which of the following statements is TRUE about When in French?AIt describes how most American people learn French.BIt introduces a variety of theories about French learning.CThe author tells her experiences in a serious way.DThe book offers a traditional way of learning a foreign language.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话中的“a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (语言学)”可知，When in French探讨了语言习得的不同理论和语言学。11Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “voluble” in Paragraph 2?AGraceful.BDependent.CTalkative. DEnergetic.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“normally”和“nearly speechless”可知，通常情况下，Lauren Collins是很健谈的，但是在新的环境下她因为语言不通而感到不知所措，几乎说不出话。由此可知，voluble表示的应是与speechless相反的意思，故选C。12Why do linguists call America “the graveyard of languages”？ABecause other languages are prohibited in America.BBecause only Englishspeaking people can immigrate into America.CBecause immigrants native languages contradict English in America.DBecause American culture swallows up immigrants native languages gradually.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants a