高考英语阅读理解猜词技巧.ppt

-Class Five,Welcome to our warm family ！,Lets have a dictation :,1 remind sb of sth, 2 concentrate on, lose sight of, focus on, 5 take it easy, 6 contribution, 7 absorb, 8 vocabulary.,What do you mean by the three words?,contribution:,1 something that you give or do in order to help something be successful,2 an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for something,3 a pension,4 the act of giving money, time, help etc.,absorb:,1 take the liquid into itself,2 to read or hear a large amount of information and understand it,3 to interest someone very much,vocabulary:,1 all the words that someone knows, learns, or uses,2 the words that are typically used when talking about a particular subject.,3 all the words in a particular language,根据大纲的要求，考生必须要掌握3500左右的词汇;刚出台的新大纲规定今年的高考英语试题新增加240多个生词，广东省高考增加了95个词，这无疑加大了试题的难度，特别是阅读理解题中生词出现率就更大了，可以推断出根据上下文猜测新词的意义的题目要求就更高了。,The latest news:,Now, lets come to the guessing of new words in the passage.,Question:,How is this kind of question often designed?,The word “” in paragraph can best be replaced by . The underlined word “” most probably means . By saying “”, the author means The expression “” is closest to According to the passage, the phrase “” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. ) means ,这种题常见的提问方式有：,The most effective way to find out the meaning of the word in the context:,一、根据上下文情景进行猜测,1. (2004年全国卷I,B篇) 原文 So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her “Change for Change“ effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities(慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students.,62. The underlined word “change“ in the second paragraph means _. A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins,根据上文她把杯子放在学生宿舍里收集硬币,以及下文中谈到已经为慈善机构募集到了$ 40,000可知,Change应是Coins(硬币).,Explanation:,二、 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测,2 (2004年全国卷III,C篇) 原文 The president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country“ by becoming one.,65. The underlined word “one“ in the 3rd paragraph refers to _. A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a look-alike,根据前文总统开始在公共场合使用替身(look-alikes),后来Dave有机会成为了其中的一员可以猜测出one应该是a look-alike.,Explanation:,三、根据同义关系进行猜测,3 (2004年重庆卷,C篇) 原文 And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy,66. The underlined word “conflict“ in the second letter means _. dependent life fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feeling,由破折号后的or可知,前后两句的意思相近,再结合两封信的内容可知,她不想失去或破坏这个友好氛围,否则就又让她回到以前的“冲突“中。,Explanation:,四、根据同位关系进行猜测,4 (2004年上海卷,C篇) 原文 Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favoritism will replace equality.,82. The word “favouitism“ in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success,破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的,二者是同位关系,因此,要猜测favoritism的意思,可从前面句子的意思入手。,Explanation:,五、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测,5 (NMET2002, E篇) 原文 A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.,74. What does the underlined word “hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests,通过上下句A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.可以看出,hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。,Explanation:,Now, lets come to more practice!,1 Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.,The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _. A Honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement,2 When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? I wanted to know. The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably means _. A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on,3 Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “_”. A re-think B. activity C. motivation D. timetable,4 Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” They underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. value B. result C. performance D. connection,5 Eye for an eye William Ian Miller Analyzing the law of the talion - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth - William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back”. William Ian Miller has written a marvelous book that found absolutely attractive. They word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of _. A medicine B. trade C. avenging D. striving,6 The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.” Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual.,7 Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means