冠词的特殊用法.ppt

冠词的特殊用法,冠词考点及复习要点 冠词的考查是当前各地高考和专升本的热点，是我们复习中的重点之一。首先我们要熟悉一下几种表达：可数名词和不可数名词；具体名词和抽象名词；泛指和特指；类指和专指。 冠词的考查以基本用法和习惯用语为主，结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理，同时对下面的冠词规则也要引起重视。 1、不定冠词的用法比较； 2、定冠词的习惯用法； 3、零冠词的用法； 4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法；,2003年英语高考试卷中第26题为: The sign reads, “In case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button.“ A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a,此题答案为B。本句意思是:万一有火情的话,请打碎玻璃按红色按钮。本题考查的知识点是冠词的基本用法。,Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填;不填,此题答案为C。本题考查的是冠词的习惯用法:be in use(此处不加冠词);in the thirteenth century(在序数词前用定冠词)。,此题答案为A。本题考查的也是冠词的用法。尽管knowledge是不可数名词,但有时可以加不定冠词,意为“对有某种程度的了解。“,Many people agree that _knowledge of English is must in international trade today. A. a; a B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the,Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. (全国II) A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填,答案为B。第一空填定冠词，the Johnsons指约翰逊一家人；第二空填不定冠词，a Johnson指“一个叫约翰逊的人”，其中的a表非确指。,由此可见,学生在平时的学习中,注意定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法、零冠词的使用场合以及冠词的一些习惯搭配很有必要。现就高考中常考的、且学生易错的冠词的特殊用法归纳如下:,一、只用定冠词的几种特殊情况:,1. 在发明物的单数名词前,既表示特指又表示类指时。如: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 2. 在逢十的复数名词前,表示“世纪的某个年代“。如: He began to learn Russian in the 1950s. 但注意:in ones 50s意为“在某人五十多岁时“。如: He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.,3. 在姓氏复数名词前用定冠词表示“全家人“或“夫妇俩“,请务必注意谓语动词用复数。如: The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table, talking and laughing.,4. 在比较级的两种句型中: 1) 表示“越 ,就越“时。如: The lighter, the better. The more we think of our life, the happier we feel. 2) 表示“两者中比较”时,用定冠词。如 Which is the larger country, Canada or America?,5.当月份、季节被限定性定语所修饰时。如: The building was completed in the September of 1969, not in the summer of 1970。,6. 在表示“计量单位“的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如: The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. Tomatoes are sold by the pound. 但注意:by weight短语中没有定冠词。,7. 专有名词、物质名词后有修饰语时。如: The China he saw now was not the same as he had left 50 years before. Water is important for us, so we must make good use of the water around us.,二、只可用不定冠词的几种特殊情况:,1. 在序数词前表示“又一;再一“时。如: The novel is so well written that I want to read it a second time. This is the third time Ive been here. I want to be here a fourth time. 2. 表示不特定的“某一个“时。如: A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone.,3. 抽象名词用来表示“人或物“时。如: The conference turned out to be a failure. He is not a success as a leader, but he has gained much experience in teaching. Doing this is a great help to us all. He was a disappointment to us all. Oh, Mary, what a pleasant surprise you gave me!,4. 在形容词最高级前表示“非常“时。如: Unit Nine is a most difficult unit, but it isnt the most difficult unit in Book One.,5. 一日三餐前有修饰语时。如: -Mum, what shall we have for lunch? -Jiaozi. -Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.,零冠词的用法,1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary； 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词； They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词； Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词； Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。,6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词； I cant write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。 9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；. 10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的),冠词的位置 1、quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。 但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot 2、 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。 4、so interesting a story such an interesting story,【高考原题】,1(05浙江卷)Mrs.Taylor has_8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes Aa；a Ban；the Can；a Dthe；a 2(04浙江)The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coastIt is_17th century cottage Athe， Ban，the C，the Dan，a 3(07山东卷)_walk is expected to last all day, so bring packed lunch AA；a BThe；不填 C. The；a DA；不填,4(06全国卷)- Hello，could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number, There isnt _ Mr Smith here A不填 Ba Cthe Done 5(2005山东卷)I knew _ John Lennon，but not _ famous one A不填;a Ba；the C. 不填;the Dthe；a 6(05湖南卷)I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left_ cityI only remember it was _ Monday Athe，the Ba，the Ca，a Dthe，a 7(07湖南卷)Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice，which they use as _ platform for hunting seals Aa; a Ba; the C. 不填；a Dthe；不填,8(07江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise Aa； Bthe；a Cthe；the D；a 9. terrible weather we been having these days. (NMET1992) How a What a How What 10.Everthing comes with price , there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. Aa；a Bthe； Cthe；a Da,； 解析：price为代价，为可数名词，所以用a,11.Many life