世纪大学英语第三册PPTu.ppt

Before Reading_ MAIN,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “Friendship.” Write down as many words as possible about it.,intimacy,companionship,everlasting,share,perpetual,genuine,pure,confidant,heartfelt,pal,cherish,beloved,friendship,Aristotle,Cicero,Before Reading2.1,A Brief Introduction to the Song,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,This is one of the candidate songs bidding for the theme song for China Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. It is composed by Giorgio Moroder, the well-known Italian composer, who has won the Oscar Awards for three times. His major works are the theme songs,for 1984 and 1988 Olympic Games. The song is sung by Li Wen and Sun Nan, both of whom are popular Chinese singers.,Aristotle,Cicero,Youve tasted bitter and the sweet success. You want it all and you for nothing less. Youve tried harder than the rest. Youve become one of the best. This is the time youll remember for All your life Forever friends In As the whole world joins and sees Days of . Forever through the years Well hear the . Joy and laughter everywhere!,Directions: Listen to the song and fill in the following blanks.,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,defeat,_,settle,_,harmony,_,unity and peace,_,cheers,_,Before Reading_2.3,Were together here to . Forever friends Youll meet all , see youve never seen. People from parts of the world where youve never been.,And youll feel it in your heart. We spent too much time This is the time when all dreams of man . Forever friends In As the whole world joins and sees Days of . Forever through the years Well hear the . Joy and laughter everywhere! Were together here to Forever friends,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,share,_,races,_,faces,_,apart,_,come alive,_,harmony,_,unity and peace,_,cheers,_,share,_,Before Reading_2.4,No matter where we are or go No matter what we or know No matter how we word our There is one dream we share. Forever friends In As the whole world joins and sees Days of . Forever through the years Well hear the . Joy and laughter everywhere! Were together here to One world one dream. Forever friends In harmony! Forever friends One dream we dream One world we share.,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,hope for,_,unity and peace,_,prayer,_,harmony,_,cheers,_,share,_,Directions: When you are listening to the brief introduction to the author, you are required to catch the key words of this passage. And then say something about the author according to the key words youve got.,Mark K. Smith specializes in the field of informal education and community learning. He is the Rank Research Fellow and Tutor at YMCA George Williams College, London and has been a visiting professor in community education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Among his books are Creators not Consumers (1982), Developing Youth Work (1988), Local Education (1994), Informal Education (1996, 1999, 2005 with Tony Jeffs) and The Art of Helping Others (2008, written with Heather Smith). He is currently working with the Rank Foundation on two new initiatives around community development and the needs of young carers. Mark K. Smith has worked as a careers officer, youth and community worker and project worker. He studied economics and politics at the University of Lancaster, and did his doctorate in the philosophy of education at the University of London.,Before Reading_3,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Directions: When you are listening to the brief introduction to the author, you are required to catch the key words of this passage. And then say something about the author according to the key words youve got.,Mark K. Smith specializes in the field of informal education and community learning. He is the Rank Research Fellow and Tutor at YMCA George Williams College, London and has been a visiting professor in community education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Among his books are Creators not Consumers (1982), Developing Youth Work (1988), Local Education (1994), Informal Education (1996, 1999, 2005 with Tony Jeffs) and The Art of Helping Others (2008, written with Heather Smith). He is currently working with the Rank Foundation on two new initiatives around community development and the needs of young carers. Mark K. Smith has worked as a careers officer, youth and community worker and project worker. He studied economics and politics at the University of Lancaster, and did his doctorate in the philosophy of education at the University of London.,Before Reading_3,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.11,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,A Brief Introduction to Aristotle,Aristotles Chronology,Before Reading_4.11,Aristotle (384322 BC): Greek philosopher and scientist. Aristotle is one of the “big three” in ancient Greek philosophy, along with and Socrates. (Socrates taught Plato, who in turn instructed Aristotle.) Aristotle spent nearly 20 years at Platos Academy, first as a student and then as a teacher. After Platos death he traveled widely and educated a famous pupil,Alexander the Great, the Macedonian who nearly conquered the world. Later Aristotle began his own school in Athens, known as the Lyceum. Aristotle is known for his carefully detailed observations about nature and the physical world, which laid the groundwork for the modern study of biology. Among his works are the texts Physics, Metaphysics, Rhetoric and Ethics.,Plato,A Brief Introduction to Aristotle,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.12,In addition, Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic, pioneered zoology, and addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time. Known to medieval intellectuals as simply “the Philosopher,” Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and, historically, perhaps the single greatest influence on Western intellectual development.,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.13,Plato: (428347BC), Greek philosopher, one of the most creative and influential thinkers in Western philosophy.,Plato, one of the most famous philosophers of ancient Greece, was the first to use the term philosophy, which means “love of knowledge.” Born around 428 BC, Plato investigated a wide range of topics. Chief among his ideas was the theory of forms, which proposed that objects in the physical world merely,resemble perfect forms in the ideal world, and that only these perfect forms can be the object of true knowledge. The goal of a philosopher, according to Plato, is to know the perfect forms and to instruct others in that knowledge.,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.14,Aristotles Chronology,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.15,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.16,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.17,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.18,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.21,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,A Brief Introduction to Cicero,Ciceros Chronology,Before Reading_4.21,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Cicero (Marcus Tullius): (10643BC) Roman writer, statesman, and orator. Cicero was the greatest speaker among the many famous statesmen of ancient Rome. He practiced law and studied philosophy in Greece before holding a rising sequence of important jobs in the Roman Empire. In 64 BC he became Consul, the highest office in Rome. As Consul he won fame for his orations against Cataline, the head of a secret conspiracy to seize the government. Always a staunch,A Brief Introduction to Cicero,supporter of the Republic, Cicero was eventually forced from office by his enemies, and when Julius Caesar consolidated his power in 48 BC, Cicero went into political retirement. During this time he wrote his famous essays on happiness, on old age, and on friendship.,Before Reading_4.22,Upon Caesars assassination in 44 BC, Cicero returned to public life and delivered a series of scathing speeches (the “Phillipics”) against Marc Antony. This proved to be Ciceros undoing: when Antony took power in a triumvirate with Octavian and Marcus Lepidus, Cicero was declared an outlaw and killed by Antonys men in 43 BC.,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,A Brief Introduction to Cicero,Before Reading_4.23,Ciceros Chronology,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.24,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.25,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.26,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.27,Ciceros Chronology,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.28,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_4.29,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_5.1,Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.,1. What can a forever friend do for you? 2. Have you classified your friends into different groups? If yes, how do you classify them? 3. What can we do to keep friendship as long as possible?,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,Before Reading_5.2,Sometimes in life, you find a special friend. Someone who changes your life just by being a part of it. Someone who makes you laugh until you cant stop. Someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world. Someone who convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it. This is forever friendship. When youre down,Word Web,Aristotle,Forever Friends,Mark K. Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Cicero,Warm-up Activity,and the world seems dark and empty, your forever friend lifts you up in spirit and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem bright and full. Your forever friend gets you through the hard times, the sad times and the confused times. If you turn and walk away, your forever friend follows. If you lose your way, your forever friend guides you and cheers you on. Your forever friend holds your hand and tells you that everything is going to be okay. And if you find such a friend, you feel happy and complete because you need not worry. You have a forever friend, and forever has no end.,Global Reading_1,Parts,Para(s).,Main Ideas,1,2,1,25,Its necessary to review some classical views of friendship in order to acquire a better understanding of it.,According to Aristotle, there are three kinds of friendship, which are respectively based on utility, pleasure and goodness. Friendship based on goodness is perfect and totally different from friendship based on utility or pleasure.,3,6,According to Cicero, true friendship is only possible between good men and it is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship.,4,7,Friendship is permanent between virtuous people who share a commitment to the good or to what is morally right or worthy of praise.,True or False,Part Division of the Text,Questions and Answers,Discussion,Further Understanding,Interview,Global Reading_2.1,1. What are the possible criteria for what makes a person a friend?,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,They are caring, commonality, companionship, intimacy etc.,2. Why do people have little knowledge about what friendship really means?,There are no commonly accepted criteria for defining what friendship really means.,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,Global Reading_2.2,According to ancient scholars, friendship can be classified into three different types. Friendship between the young is much easier to change than that between the elderly. People linked by friendship, which is based on utility, stay together only when they are mutually useful. Time and intimacy are the two prerequisites for the development of true friendship. In order to preserve true friendship, people in a community should maintain the equal relationship between each other.,1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,No. We may find three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle.,No. Both the friendship based on utility and that on pleasure are changeable regardless of the age.,F,( ),T,( ),F,( ),T,( ),T,( ),Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,Global Reading_3,Work in a group of four. Suppose one student is a reporter from the university TV station. Now he or she has an interview with all the other three students about the question “What is friendship based on?” Part of the interview should be based on the text. After the interview the reporter in each group should summarize and present different opinions in the group to the whole class.,Directions:,1. Express your opinions with proper language and manners. 2. Make your answers concise and pertinent. 3. Support your argument with relevant examples. 4. Make a clear summary of different opinions by noting down the key words and outlining the ideas put forward during the interview.,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,Global Reading_4,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,According to the classical views, virtuous friends are bound together. What about people without virtues? Do you agree that people of the same kind gather together and become friends? Please give examples to support your answer.,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,Friendship is an eternal (永恒的) theme (主题) in human history. A life without friendship is hard to imagine. But what is friendship? Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship.,Detailed Reading_t0,Detailed Reading,When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate. Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means. To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship. One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms: one based on mutual usefulness, the other on pleasure. So, according to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:,What Is Friendship? Michele E. Doyle & Mark K. Smith,Detailed Reading_t1,Detailed Reading,Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is,Detailed Reading_t2,Detailed Reading,not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.,the moment. As they grow up, however, their tastes change too, so that they are quick to make and to break friendships. That is why t