形容词副词比较最高级、构词法.ppt

Unit one,1.intensive: strong and deep *intend The mouse intends to love rice. 2.extensive: extending far; far-reaching *extend Our college extended as far as the railway. 3. Intellectual: 1) adj. mental (of the mind ) * mental arithmetic; *a mental test 2) n. intellectual person 4. Intellect: n. 1) (contrasted with feeling and instinct ) power of the mind to reason 2) person of good understanding,reasoning power, etc. ) * The intellects of the age,*Intelligence: the power of seeing, learning understanding and knowing; mental ability Mentality Intelligent: clever 1)wise 2)bright;3) smart;4)brilliant 1.Her daughter is _ and learns very quickly. 2. He is a _ carpenter. 3.Einstein was a _ scientist. 4. He is _enough to do well in the mathematics examination. 5.He is a _ pupil in his class. 6. It was _ for me to stay at home this summer because it was too hot outside.,1) bright,2) clever,3) brilliant,5) smart,6) wise,Intelligent: Clever: Wise: Bright: Smart: Brilliant:,(of person/ animal ) do sth. skillfully,Because of knowledge and experience, dealing with things well;or judging what should be done and what should not be done.,esp. youth and children act, think fast,In oral use, can behave fast, esp. in trouble,Very and excellently clever and smart,Good mind and can understand well,Pronunciation: Pronounce 4. Columnist: Column: 1) tall, upright pillar, usu.of stone, either supporting or decorating part of a building or standing alone as a monument. 2) Narrow upright division of a printed page in a book or on a newspaper. the advertising column,Journal: Magazine;periodical * journey Diploma: Graduation Certificate Consult: He consulted an authority _the subject. He consulted a doctor _ his illness. He consulted her _ (as to /to) how he could study well . Ill consult _(with /for) my mother about whether I should be in love with the boy in college.,1) Ask sb.on /about /as to sth. 2) look up in,Consult with sb.: exchange opinions each other.,Books have great influence on people in life, work and study. Every one is benefited from reading books. Bacon, the great British philosopher, once said,“studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. ” so the more knowledge you have, the more chances you can succeed. Lets remember: “ A good book is better than gold.” and “ Reading makes a full man.”,1.Confess: admit ( that one has done wrong.) 2. Confession: a formal statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or other faults *He wrote and signed a full confession of his guilt.,3. Lover: 1) a person who is very fond of or interested in the stated thing *music lover 2) a person who has a sexual relationship with another person outside marriage, esp.over a long period. *Dear *darling *Honey *sweetheart 小蜜： mistress *be lucky in love *be frustrated in love *be caught in the snares of love,*Rival in love * the arena of love *sentiment *first awakening of love *whispering sweet nothings *emotion *sexual passion,1.Lock up; use up; dry up; tear up; tie up; fasten up “Up” is sometimes with some verbs to indicate completeness , finality 2. Alone lonely: 1)The widow (widower ) lives _, but doesnt feel _. 2)He lives in a _ house _ in the countryside and has been _ since his wife left him.,: (by oneself ) without the company or help of others adj. adv.,Without companions adj.,*1) alone,lonely 2) lonely, alone, lonely,Lock up: 1) shut up the house 2) invest All my fathers capital is locked up in land.,1._(follow) him, I came into the classroom. 2._(follow)by him, I came into the room. Following 2) Followed 3. _, I couldnt fall asleep. Excited B) Exciting C) Being Excited 4. He is sleeping, _( slobber). slobbering 5.The city is beautiful, _( see ) from the hill. 6.We feel excited,_( see ) from the hill. 7。分手了， 你不要再来找我。 Saying “good bye”, you cant come to see me. 8.我只好失望地跳梅江河了。 Disappointed, I will jump in Meijiang River. Feeling / Being disappointed, I will jump in Meijiang River.,1.make notes: Take notes Write notes *We must takes good notes of everything that is important in class. Note: 1) short record made to help the memory 2) short letter * a note of thanks 3) short comment or explanation of a word or passage in a book, etc. 4) written or printed promise to pay money * a $ 5 note 4) notice; pay attention to Noted : famous,1.communicate: vi. 1) show or exchange opinions, news, information, etc Men now communicate over long distances by means of telephone, telegraph, radio, television and satellite. Anyone knowing anything about the criminal Majiajue is asked to communicate with the police. vt. 2) make ( news, opinions, feelings, etc. ) known I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you. *communication 2. All of a sudden: Suddenly Unexpectedly,1. Judgment: 1) process of judging * History will pass judgment of his death. 2)an official decision given by a judge or a court of law * The court passed judgment of five years in prison on the criminal after trial. 2. Up until / till : up to * Up until you lose something, you may feel they are valuable. 3. Be busy,with * We are busy with our studies.,Doing sth.,* Be worth doing sth. * be no use / good doing,1. Take possession of : Possess; own The soldiers took possession of the enemys position. 2. Look through: Revise ( a lesson, etc, ) study; examine I must look through these bills and check them before I pay them. 3. Face to face ( with ) : In the direct presence of Ive often talked to him on the phone, but Ive never met him face to face. On turning the corner I came face to face with a policeman.,1.arouse: 1) to cause to become active Your handsome appearance arouses some intensive attention. 2) to cause to wake We aroused him from his deep sleep last night. 2. Case: a situation that exists, esp. as it affects a particular person or group This was found to be the case in many third-world countries. If that is the case, I will as well try 3. Involve: 1) to have as a part or result involve doing sth * The matter involved his joining.,2) To ask or allow sb.to take part in Involve sb.in sth. Dont involve yourself in his mistakes 3) Cause sb.to become connected or concerned In line: In a row *The children stood in line until the teacher came. 2. Competition: 1) the person or people competing There were a lot of competitions for the job. There is no competition. 2) A test of strength, skill, ability, etc 3. In cycles: circulate * Life moves in endless cycles,Keys to the exercises Page 4 Task II A D B B A Vocabulary & Structure Exercises Task I 1.Complicated 2. Respond 3. Arousing 4. Journal 5. All of a sudden 6. Retired Task II 1.Possession 2.responsibility 3.relationship 4.competing,5. Response 6. Judging 7.delighted 8.critical,Task III D D B A B B A C,1.Complicated: Complex Intricate * I will tell you sooner or later all the _ processes. *A _ sentence has one or more clauses besides the main clause. *The plot of this detective story is _ and fascinating.,Difficult to make all parts clear ( mixing together ); not easy to understand and settle,: many simple parts constitute the whole, but easy to understand.,: most difficult to make clear,* simple; plain; * SARS has many complications.,1.respond: response Answer Reply,Make no response. *Response to- Answer to - * reply to-,2. Diary; daily He gets a _ wage. *Most newspapers appear_ The Peoples _,3. Burst out: suddenly give release * He burst out laughing. * Burst into:1) rush into2)begin suddenly or violently * The peach trees burst into blossom.,Degree: 1) unit of measurement for angles * an angle of ninety degrees. 2) unit of measurement for temperature * Water freezes at zero degree Centigrade or 32 degree Fahrenheit. 3)step or stage in a scale or process *Each is good in its degree 4) position in society 5) rank or grade given by a university to one who passes an examination. * bachelor * master * doctor,MBA: Master of Business Administration,1.Compete: take part in a race, contest, examination competition 2.Complete: 1)whole 2) ended, finished 3) thorough 4)skillful 5) finish; make perfect 3. It is required ( suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed ) that - - It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, etc ) that- It is necessary that- It is important that - It is natural that - It is desirable that - It is advisable that - It is strange that- 表示惊奇, 不相信,惋惜,理应如此等, 用:should + 动词原形,单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词( 主要是以:-er, -ow, -on, -ble, -ple 结尾的) 的比较级和最高级的构成规则,情况,比较级,最高级,一般情况,-er * smaller,-est *smallest,以-e结尾,-r * larger,-st *largest,以辅音字母 加-y结尾,改y为i 再加-er *easier,改y为i 再加-est *easiest,以重读闭音节结尾,而且只有一个辅音字母的,双写辅音字母,再加-er * thinner,双写辅音字母,再加-est *thinnest,不规则,Many/much -more,Many/much-most,其他大部分双音节形容词和多音节形容词, 前面加 more 构成比较级和加 most 最高级 * more serious; most severe,Many / much more most Little less least Good / well better best Bad /badly/ill worse worst Old older/ elder oldest /eldest Far farther/further farthest/furthest My _ brother is one year_ than I. I am his _ son. No _ discussion is necessary. Dont make any change till _ notice.,*由于很大部分副词都是在形容词后面加 ly 构成,所以加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级.只有hard,fast,late, early;slow,high等等才加-er;-est;( earlier,earliest),形容词,副词的原级(原形),比较级和最高级的应用: 1.表示两者程度一样,用: as + 原形 + as He runs as fast as a rabbit. 2.表示两者程度不一样,用:not so ( as ) + 原形 + as A dog is not so fierce as a tiger. 3.两者进行比较, 用:比较级 + than Two heads are better than one.*More haste,less speed. 4.三者 ( 以上) ,用: the +最高级 + of / in He is the tallest_ our class / _ three brothers. 5.表示: A是B的几倍, 用: A + be + 倍数 +times + as +原级 + as + B 或者: A+be +倍数+times + the size (length,height,amount,etc) of B I am two times as weighty as you. Im two times the weight of you.,6.表示: A比B的大(小)几倍, 用: A + be + 倍数 +times + 比较级 + than + B *The output of our plant this year is four times larger than last year. 7.形容词比较级前面可以加表示程度的状语(如: even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far ,etc ) 来修饰: *Things are far worse than expected. 8.表示“越来越-” 用: “比较级 + and +比较级 ” : *It is getting hotter and hotter. 9.表示“越-, 就越-”用: “the + 比较级 + 句子, the +比较级+ 句子” : The more deeply you love, the more you hate.,10. “No + 比较级” 和 “ not + + 比较级”意义不同: Tom is no taller than Jack. ( Tom is as short as Jack.) Tome is not taller than Jack. ( Tom is not so tall as Jack.) 11.某些以-or 结尾的形容词,进行比较时,用 to 代替than ,这些词有:inferior, superior, junior, senior, prior : He is superior to Mr.Wang in mathematics. 12.形容词最高级可以被序数词和 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like修饰: *Its by no means most satisfactory of all houses. *How much did the second most expensive hat cost?,13.表示“最高程度”的形容词 (如: excellent, extreme,perfect, favorite没有最高级和比较级 14. 被形容词最高级修饰的名词做表语时,常常省去: *He is the most handsome (boy ) in our class. 15.做状语的副词最高级前面一般不用 the : *Of all the peach flowers I like this one most.,Word Building of English,1.conversion. * I drink water. * I water flowers.,2.Derivation. * apply- application; applicant,3.compounding. *credit card; looker-on; editor-in-chief,4. Clipping. *aeroplane (airplane )-plane,5.Blending. *Europe + Asia- Eurasia,6.Abbreviation. *British Broadcasting Corporation-BBC,1.conversion. 1)v.-n. *have a try; take a break; He gave her a kiss 2)n.-v.*I booked three seats;His name headed the list 3)adj.-v. * He slowed down at the cross. 4)n.-adv. *He walked north. I drive you home. 5)adj.-adv.*The eagle flies high.*Summer draws near 6) adv- v. * He downed the handbag. 7)adj.-n. * I enjoy the quiet of the country.,2.Derivation. ( adding prefixes and suffixes ) 1)构成名词的后缀: -bility possibility; responsibility; capability -age marriage; shortage; advantage -an American; Asian; African; Russian -ance performance ; assistance -ant applicant; accountant -tion examination; attention -ee employee; absentee -er driver; writer -or actor; director -ess actress; hostess -man fireman; chairman -ist scientist;capitalist -,-cy accuracy; efficiency; privacy; policy -dom freedom; kingdom; wisdom -ence difference; existence; diligence -ese Chinese; Japanese; Portuguese -hood childhood; neighborhood; -ian musician; historian -ing feeling; sightseeing -ism socialism;Marxism -ment appointment; arrangement -ness weakness; happiness -ship friendship; leadership -ure failure; pleasure -y honesty;modesty;inquiry;difficulty; discovery,构成形容词的后缀: -able valuable; miserable -al logical;national;cultural -ant important; pleasant; ignorant -ed excited;amazed; delighted -ing amusing; boiling; shining -en woolen; golden;wooden -ent different;dependent;existent -ful useful; hopeful; cheerful; careful -ic economic; historic; realistic -ish childish;selfish;foolish -ive active; effective;attractive; expensive -less endless; homeless; useless; harmless -ly friendly; orderly; costly;leisurely -ous nervous; dangerous; courageous,3.构成副词的后缀: -ly gradually; suddenly;finally -ward(s) forward; towards;westwards;backwards 4.构成动词的后缀: -en shorten; widen; sharpen; brighten -ify simplify; justify; purify -ize apologize; criticize; emphasize,一些比较常见的前缀: 1.改变词类的前缀: a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词 asleep; aside; alive; aboard; abroad;ahead en-加在名词/ 形容词前构成动词 encourage; enforce;enrich; enlarge;enable be-加在名词/ 形容词前构成动词 behave;befriend;behead; bewitch; belong,*The scenery bewitches all travelers *His smile bewitches so many girls.,2.构成反义的前缀: 1)Dis- dislike; dishonest; disappear;disadvantage 2)un- unable;unfortunate; unlock; uncover;unexpected 3)im- impatient; impolite;impossible; immature 4)in- informal; independent; inadequate; incapable 5)il- illegal; illogical; illiterate 6)ir- irregular; irresponsible; 7)non- non-smoker; non-essential; non-economic 8)counter- counterrevolution; counteraction 9)anti- anti-Japanese; antibiotic antibody; antipollution anti-cancer; anti-war,部分表示特定意义的前缀: Auto-表示“自动的”,“汽车的” *automatic; auto-record; automobile Co- 表示“共同的” *co-operate;co-direct ; co-author Double- 表示“双” * double-bed; double-cross Ex- 表示“ 以前的” * ex-president; ex-lover; ex-wife Fore-表示“前部的”, “预见的” forehead; forecast; foresee Extra-表示“特别的,额外的” extra-work; extra-bright Kilo- 表示“千” * kilometer; kilogram,8. mid- 表示“中间的” *midday; midnight; midterm 9.milli- 表示“毫”; “千分之一” * millimeter; milligram 10.mis- 表示“错误地” *misunderstand; misjudge 11.over-表示“过量的”“压倒”overdose; overcome; overseas 12.pre- 表示“-之前的”“ 预先” *pre-birth; prediction 13.post- 表示“-之后的” “邮政” postliberation; postcode 14.re-表示“重新:,再次” remarry; repeat; review 15.intra-表示”进入” intramuscularly intravenously,16.semi- 表示:“半-的” semi-automatic; semi-circle 17.super-表示“ 极-的”,“超级的”super-clever; supermarket 18.tele- 表示“远距离的” telephone; telescope; television 19.Trans-表示“ 从-到” translate; transmit; transport 20.vice-表示“副的” vice-chairman; vice-minister,Compounding words 合成名词: generation gap; blood pressure; pocket money; birth control; mother tongue; Compact disc; fast food; French fries; personal computer; dining room; food poisoning zebra crossing; sight-seeing; by-product; get-together; passer-by; editor-in-chief 2. 合成形容词: air-conditioned; full-blown; good-tempered; home-made; right-angled; first-class; top-secret;long-distance; one-way nuclear-free; out-door; face-to-face; third-floor 3.合成动词: sleep-walk; undergo; overthrow; 4.叠声词: zigzag; criss-cross; shilly-shally;chit-chat dillydally; goody-goody; tip-top,4.clipping 1)截去前面一部分: telephone-phone; aeroplane-plane; bicyclebike; Omnibus-bus 2)截去后面一部分: gentlemens-gents; advertisement-ad. professor- prof; mathematics-math taxicab-taxi; public house-pub laboratory-lab; zoological garden-zoo examination-exam; co-operative-co-op 3)前后截去一部分: refrigerator-fridge; influenza-flu,5.blending: (两个词各取一部分,混和在一起构成一个新词): News broadcast-newscast; Motorists hotel -motel transfer resistortransistor; Teleprinter exchange-telex International Criminal Police-interpol Smoke and fog-smog,6.abbreviation 1)缩写词多数按字母读音: TV; FBI; DNA;UK; UN; TB