英语专业八级写作专项训练1.ppt

英语专业八级写作专项训练（1）,1.概况,1.英语专业八级写作要求 考生能根据所给题目要求撰写各类体裁的文章,文章长度约400个单词,能够做到内容充实,语言通顺,用词愉当,表达得体.分值为20分,时间为45分钟. 2.TEM8作文评分标准 根据考生的思想与表达,语言运用能力和写作规范分别打分.分项可以打0.5分.,“思想与表达“满分为10分,按考生的表现赋分: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10 极差 较差 一般 良好 优秀 “语言运用能力“满分为8分,按考生的表现赋分: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 极差 较差 一般 良好 优秀 “写作规范“满分为2分,按考生的表现赋分: 0.5-1-1.5-2 较差 一般 良好 优秀 P.S:空白卷,仅写了一些与任务无关的字句,仅仅照抄指导语得0分.,思想与表达ideas and arguments(10分),内容切题,内容充实,观点明确,论据支持论点,有独到见解 表达清晰流畅,有说服力 篇章组织结构:每段有主题句;句间衔接自然;段间过渡自然;第一部分明确提出观点;最后一部分自然得出结论;段落排列自然合理,语言运用能力language use(8分),准确性:语法正确;句子结构正确;固定搭配正确;习语正确;用词准确 丰富性:词汇丰富;句子形式多样 得体性:语气恰当;语言地道 流利度:完成规定词数,写作规范mechanics(2分),单词拼写正确 标点符号正确 大小写正确 书写美观 卷面整洁,1.审题及构思(10分钟) 必须在头脑中想出或写下(outline): A.中心论点(thesis statement) B.三个分论点(three arguments) 2.动笔写作(30分钟) A.在开头中一定要表明自己的观点(中心论点) B.三个分论点分别作为三个中心段落的主题句,置于段首,并由过渡词引导. C.结尾重申论点 3.检查及润色(5分钟) A.检查开头,结尾及主题句有无拼写及语法错误; B.不要大涂大改!一定要保持卷面美观,整洁.,2.写作步骤及时间分配,如何在10秒钟内虏获阅卷老师?,老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约 1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。 1.卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地. 2.不要涂鸦.不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小更不要此处一个伤,别处一个疤! 能做到1.2,阅卷老师在两秒钟内已经对你有好印象了!,3.如何让阅卷老师爱上你的试卷,毫不吝啬地下高分? 构思一个“前无古人,后无来者“而又“合情合理,天衣无缝“的中心句(thesis statement). P.S:当然,英雄的出世,要有时代的渲染和衬托.在提出中心思想前,要用美仑美奂,精彩纷呈的语句为其出场营造氛围.,3.审题与构思,所谓审题，就是通过阅读写作题目及相关信息或要求，正确领会题目的含义，了解题目要求，为构思合乎具体写作要求的文章框架打下基础。 英语专业八级写作测试项目具有鲜明的特色：观点、情景、标题、写作要求具有内在的联系，构成一个整体。 因此，审题就意味着不是仅仅浏览一下标题，而是要兼顾其它部分。只有这样，才能真正明确写作目的，领会写作要求。提高审题的准确性有利于学生理解题目含义，了解写作要求，进而有针对性地构思作文内容、布局等。,审题步骤,1.读懂提示句(不要陷入出题陷阱) Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree with these people? You are to write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic: Competition or co-operation 要求是:在多大程度上赞同这些人的看法,或者在多大程度上不赞同这些人的看法.因此,在提出自己论点时要加上表示程度的语句,同时最好要提及不赞同另一点的原因,Thesis statement: I would, in support of the latter view, extremelyexceedinglywhollyentirely drum for the contention that competition bears more value than cooperation in the current situation.,立意要健康，否则，若引起阅卷老师反感，就杯具了 On student lovers living together You are left with one and the only choice: Personally, I dont think it is advisable for college student lovers to live together away from campus.,2. 有的作文给了文章标题，有的需考生自己提供。对于给出标题的，一定不能光看标题，而要将标题和提示句相结合以找到最好的切入点 Some people simply see education as going to schools or colleges, or as a means to secure good jobs; most people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is education to modern man?（2000） 标题：Education as a Lifelong Process,Thesis statement: Personally, I side with the belief that the new concept of education as a lifelong process makes greater sense to modern people.,不要急于动笔，深思熟虑后方能写出拿到对得住自己的分数的作文 10分钟构思,THESIS STATEMENT,立意深远，否则阅卷老师会产生“审美疲劳” 从事件引申到本质，从而探讨某一领域 比如：幼儿园校车事故 公务员打父亲 从一个范畴引申到另一范畴 比如：“非诚勿扰”等相亲节目， 学术做假 可引申到社会，经济，文化，道德等领域。 在全球化的今天，要学会用全球化的视野分析问题,Are the sentences suitable?,Last winter I visited an old man. The highest mountain in my hometown is Mount tai. Climbing mount tai can be very interesting. I do morning exercises everyday. Im going to discuss the generation gap in our country. The “post-80s” generation has changed history. My parents helped me grow in three important ways. Nowadays cars are playing an important role in the modern life, but at the same time, they have also caused many problems, which force people to find ways to solve the problems.,How to state your view?,Drum for I, personally, yield to the concept that in accord with my view aptly illustrate my point of view All strength fails to challenge my support for this contention Nothing can undermine the importance of,本次课后，请每个同学设计一句表达自己观点的中心句。 尽量不要雷同，现在准备好，以后每次考试都可以用啦 别告诉别人哦,请给出你的立意,Living on campus or off campus?,3.按照要求，对文章结构进行规划。 In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.,以中心思想为基准,衍生三个分论点(分论点一定要凝练general;切忌分论点间的重复(或者覆盖）!主题句措词必须相当养眼,拒绝单调,绝不平凡) 你觉得下一个提纲如何？ to start with, competition is a pervasive necessity that grows out of the modern times. moreover, competition is the source of greater dynamic power than cooperation today. Finally, competition helps the stakeholders to raise the bar of expectation.,be conducive to,emerges from,What about this one?,Top on the list, competition activates potentiality. In the second place, competition fosters zeal and zest. Last but not least, competition cultivates ingenuity and creativity.,这套推理还可应用于。,Persistence Failures Discontent Dreams Reading Adventures P.S: all the topics are about abstractinvisible objects.,In-class practice,Which is more beneficial to people, success or failure?,因此。,平时要善于总结优美的逻辑性强的推理并进行背诵 今个这种对于抽象事物的推理方法背下来了吗？,案例分析,中心思想：Personally, I side with the belief that the new concept of education as a lifelong process makes greater sense to modern people. 分论点： In the first place, the sort of formal education, or schooling, is no longer adequate for our profession. Equally important, the sort of fixed schooling cannot satisfy the growing needs of our daily life, either.,问题,1.看分论点有没有重复? 2.主题句要正式，简练。切忌拖泥带水，冗长WORDY。 the sort of, or, too colloquial 3.逻辑问题 A，B， 二选一 A不好=B好？,The Impact of the Internet on(2001),The Internet is about to take off in China. As many as 9 million people are on line, a number that is estimated to hit 20 million by the end of 2000. It is predicted that this phenomenal growth will have great impact on our society and economy. Choose one aspect of our society or economy where you think the impact will be most strongly felt. Write an essay about 300 words entitled. “The impact of the internet on. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.,审题与构思范例,标题： The impact of the Internet on our interpersonal communication 中心思想：To my mind, its impact upon the interpersonal communication in our social life, among others, will be most keenly felt. 结构：To begin with, the Internet can remarkably facilitate our interpersonal communication. Secondly, the Internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Thirdly, the Internet can largely economize our interpersonal communication.,这套推理还可以用于。,E-books The top breakthroughs of the 21st century (telephone, TV, plane, etc.) Information age Computers P.S: all the previously mentioned objects are born in the technological age and most of them are tangible benefits.,In-class practice,Have we been isolated by computers?,Practice,Recently a group of college girls aroused a heated debate in the states because they wore flip-flaps when visiting the white house. while the girls think their choice was ok, many criticized them of being too disrespectful. Herein China, a boy student sued a female classmate who sit in front of him in an important examination because she wore too little, which distracted him so much that he failed in the exam. Do you think university students now have sufficient awareness of what is proper to wear? Do you think university should make an explicit dress code for students? Write a composition of 400word. You should supply a title for your essay.,10 minutes for you,Tick, tick After thorough reflection, we will trace the benefits of dress code from various aspects. First of all, strict dress code can avoid distractions so that students can focus better on their study. Secondly, strict dress code can show respect for teachers and classmates. More importantly, strict dress code can teach students the importance of proper dressing in the future. Therefore, the university administrators have the duty to make and enforce dress code on campus.,历年真题分类,题目通常用一句话或若干句话引出写作话题,然后对写作任务进行限定,如说明写作目的,读者对象等.由于包含对写作任务的各种限制条件,如果误读就可能会导致整个任务失败.,写作文体,专八作文主要有两种写作文体: 1.说明文 One Major Problem in the Process of Urbanization(1998) The Impact of the Internet on(2001) The Most Important Pesonal Quality of a University Student(2002) 说明文就是用语言把事物的性质,特征,成因,关系,功能,用途等解释清楚的过程.说明文一般用于解释事物,事件或思想.,说明文写作方法,目的:使人明白写作意图,解释说明某一对象.因此,最重要是让读者明白作者的立意.因此,要在第一部分阐述清楚 写作对策: 组织结构要合乎逻辑 多举例说明 下定义阐释 对比与对照说明 原因和结果说明 引说说明,One Major Problem in the Process of Urbanization(1998),Nowadays with the development of economy, existing cities are growing bigger and new cities are appearing. What do you think is ONE of the major problems that may result from this process of urbanization? Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic given below. ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.,如何确立主题?,只要写一个问题 看到题目,要用发散思维,在纸上多列出一些城市化的问题再一个个划去别人都能想到的,最后得出一个最具新意的问题. 最有新意的想法就是和自己最息息相关的想法. 主题只能有一个,而且要用陈述句表达.single is simple, double is trouble! 环境问题经济问题城市病农村与城市的差距越来越大留守儿童农二代 确定文章中心后再从几方面进行说明,用“总说-分说-总说“的结构,列出文章的提纲.,Thesis statement: Among numerous problems brought forth by urbanization, I think, the poor second generation is such a problem of our major concern. Outline: For one thing, the education of the poor second generation has been severely disturbed by urbanization. Whats more, the mental health of the poor second generation has been deteriorated along with urbanization.,当提出一个新的名词时，一定要进行解释。 “穷二代”是什么？ 我的定义：父母都是农民，无稳定工作，靠在城市打工维持家用。 “the poor second generation” in my eyes refers to those whose parents dont have stable income and have to toil in cities to make ends meet.,与“人”相关的推理。,For one thing, the physical condition of should by all means arouse our major concern. Moreover, the mental health of should be given the top priority by all walks of life.,More about “people”,To begin with,should equip themselves with profound professional skills. Secondly, communication skills are in principle critical to the ultimate success of. Finally, s personal qualities is ultimately vital to future orientation.,Lets try,Its said that having only one advantage is not enough to come off first in this highly competitive times; therefore, more appropriate description of a talent is one characterized by his or her mastery of at least two kinds of skills, besides having a comprehensive grasp of expertise. What is your opinion on this issue? Write an essay of about 400words on the following topic: Modern concepts of Talent,The Most Important Pesonal Quality of a University Student(2002),All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we university graduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aim. What do you think is the most important quality of a university graduate? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:,中心：Personally, I would like to argue that adaptability outweighs the others now that todays society runs in a state of flux. 大纲： To start with, a mobile society demands talents who can easily adapt to the development of the new society. Secondly, a university graduate should be able to survive in new surroundings. Moreover, as interpersonal relations play an important part in peoples career, university students also need to know how to quickly adjust themselves as so to be on good terms with whatever colleagues they may work with in the future.,This is an ambushho.ho.,Have you found some problems in this outline? 1分论点有重合之嫌 2分论点拖沓，冗长，不简练 3分论点措词不唯美,2. 议论文 Should University Students Go in for Business?(2004) Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?(2009) 议论就是用逻辑推理来阐明作者立场和观点的过程.是专八写作最常见的题型.最常用的推理类型为“总-分-总”.,从写作任务看,大致可分为两类: 一是对某一问题或现象或对象的看法; Some people think that finalcial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? Write an essay about 400 words.(2007) 二是从关于某一话题的不同观点中选择一个并予以支持. Competition or Co-operation(1999) 二选一时，最好只选一方。不要两者都同意！但是，一定要提及另一方。,Should University Students Go in for Business?(2004),It was reported in the press some time ago that a few second-and third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hand at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university. Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about this phenomenon. Some thought that students time and energy should be devoted to their academic study. What do you think? Write an essay of about 300 words on the following topic:,想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,What do you think of this one? Therefore, in my opinion, university students should not go in for business because of the following two reasons. Firstly, university students usually have a heavy task of theoretical study. Secondly, a complete social service network has been established on campus, and the students usually have no chance to compete with the supermarkets which offered much better service and commodities of high quality.,Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.（2005）,My view of interview as a selection procedure (2005),想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?(2009),Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big citys subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country. Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:,与文化相关的推理。,To begin with, ,as a culture, entails respect and renown. Moreover, ,as a culture, is worth preserving and propagandizing.,More about Culture,Firstly, culture materializes the invisible strength and serves as the driving force for the economy. Secondly, culture defines the future and peoples fate of a society. Finally, culture guarantees the stability of a nations politics.,先进健康的文化对社会有巨大的促进作用，反之亦然。 文化与经济相互联系，相互影响 经济是基础，经济决定文化，文化是经济的反映；文化反作用于经济，文化对经济有巨大的影响（经济雄厚，文化强势） 文化与政治相互联系，相互影响 政治决定文