高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit1.ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE,Unit 1,Unit 1 Planning your future career,Traits of the Key Players,Reading Focus,Introduction,Question A: _? Answer: “Key player” refers to _ _. Question B: _? Answer: Companies recruit their staff either by _, or _ _,Reading Focus Global Understanding Task 1 (page 10-11),What does the term “key players” refer to (Para. 1),a handful of staff you can count,on in a given area of expertise to get the job done,How do companies recruit “key players”,hiring “key players” from another company,from “newbies” who seem to have the same traits as those top people. (Para. 2),1. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1) staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organization e.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. 以staff 做主语的句子，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以用复数 e.g. The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year. The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.,Reading Focus Language Point,be on the staff of: be a member of 担任-的工作 e.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times. staff (v.) provide with staff 给-配备职员 e.g. How many employees will it take to staff this resort? We have not enough money to staff all our schools. 2. serve on the staff of 担当（某机构）职员 e.g. Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers.,Reading Focus Language Point,expertise (n.) special skill or knowledge e.g. A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise. We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope. 辨析 expertise (n.) 和 expert (n.; adj.) My mother is an _ at dress-making. I thought your handling of the situation was _. Mary has considerable _ in French history.,expertise,expert,expert,Reading Focus Language Point,2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (Para. 2) Paraphrase: We evaluate them by the standard traits our key players show to us.,Reading Focus Language Point,A. Importance of the trait: (Para. 4) According to John Fetzer, _ _. B. Ways of developing the trait: (Para. 5) a. _ _. b. _ _. c. _ _ as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure _ _.,Trait 1: The selfless collaborator,one cant succeed in an industry,environment without the mindset of being collaborative and selfless,Working together with scientists from other labs and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal,A liberal use of the pronoun “we” and not just “I”, when describing your accomplishments,To develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your,lab collaborates with,this quality gets mentioned by,those who will take those reference phone calls,Reading Focus Global Understanding,3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. (Para. 4) deserve: (v.) be worthy of e.g. You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done. I think they deserve to be congratulated.,Reading Focus Language Point,Reading Focus Language Point,4.“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. (Para. 4) The sentence means: Compared with academia, the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers, so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative and selfless are easily recognized.,lone wolf: someone who prefers to be alone e.g. He is a lone wolf, apparently wanting no friends and seeking no man. 文中是名词 lone wolf 当形容词用。 stand out: to be very noticeable e.g. We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood out from the rest.,Reading Focus Language Point,Paraphrase: Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very hard to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their peers.,Reading Focus Language Point,5. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5),involve 1) imply, make necessary e.g. The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart. 2) implicate person in charge, crime， etc. e.g. The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders. 3) include sb. or sth. in sth. or to make them take part in or feel part of it e.g. Do we need to involve someone from the computer department at this stage in our discussion?,Reading Focus Language Point,outshine: (v.) to be better or more impressive than sb. or sth. else e.g. Several new players outshone the veterans. 动词前缀 “out”主要有三种意思: 1) doing better than e.g. She outran him. 2) being or becoming bigger, further, greater than someone or something else e.g. Shes outgrown her clothes. She outlived her brother. 3) outside or beyond something e.g. an outbuilding 附属建筑物 outlying areas 郊区,Reading Focus Language Point,6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenting the results on your rsum. (Para. 5) 介词词组“in pursuit of a common goal”当状语，相当于during the process of pursuing a common goal. “and documenting the results on your rsum. ” 意为“并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。” result (n.) : the achievement of something e.g. She certainly knows how to get results. For best results, always use fresh ingredients when you are cooking.,Reading Focus Language Point,document: (n.) a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, esp. of an official type. e.g. A document certifying ownership. I stamp the document. (v.) prove by or support with documents such as references, certificates and credentials. e.g. His interest in cricket has been well-documented by the media.,Reading Focus Language Point,Importance of the trait: According to Don Haut, _ _ _.,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Trait 2: A sense of urgency,one way that companies win the,competition that happens 24/7/365 is to get “there” faster. This trait is a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their own conviction (Para. 7),Trait 3: Risk tolerance,Importance of the trait: A. _. Supporting evidence: a. _. b. _. B. _ _. Supporting evidence: a. _ _. b. What Don Haut says.,Being OK with risk is something that industry demands,Quotation from one of the clients in a job description （Para. 8）,What Don Haut says (Para. 9),Failure is important because it shows you were not afraid to take chances,Companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it (Para. 10),Reading Focus Global Understanding,7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. (Para. 9) “falling in love with the answer” means “being much interested in the answer” 翻译：在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案， 然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒 风险。,Reading Focus Language Point,end up 1) to be finally in a particular situation, state, or place , after a series of events e.g. Most slimmers end up putting weight back on. Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset. 2) arrive e.g. If you drive your car like that, youll end up in hospital. 3) finish e.g. The politician finally ended up his speech.,Reading Focus Language Point,Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationships,Importance of the trait: A. _ _. Supporting evidence: According to Rick Leach, _ _. B. It would be a mistake to assume that _ _. Supporting evidence: _ _ _.,For people in business roles, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure (Para. 11),working for a business requires people skills.,strong people skills are,required only for business people (Para. 12),The key players who succeed in their work,at the bench in industry environment in great measure depends on their ability to work with a broad variety of personalities,Reading Focus Global Understanding,8. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. (Para. 11) prioritize (v.) :to put things in order of importance so that the most important ones are done first e.g. When you have twenty tasks for the day, all of them urgent, its not easy to prioritize them.,Reading Focus Language Point,asset: (n.) 1) the things a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts (通常用作复数) 资产 e.g. a corporation with $9 billion in assets the value of a companys assets 2) something or someone that is useful because they help you secceed or deal with problems 有利的东西 e.g. A sense of humor is a great asset in this business. I think Rachel would be an asset to the department.,Reading Focus Language Point,辨析 prior; priority; prioritize 1) He had showed no signs of being in pain _ to suffering a heart attack. 2) Banks usually give _ to large businesses when deciding on loans. 3) The public wants to see the fight against crime _.,Reading Focus Language Point,prior,priority,prioritized,9. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things,” says Rick. (Para. 11 ) 不定式短语 “To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships”当主语，全句的意思是： For a person who has been estimated and evaluated only by his skillfulness in dealing with the physical world, it is a very frightening prospect to be suddenly estimated and evaluated by the skillfulness in building up human relationships. proposition (n.): problem, prospect e.g. Finding a buyer for this old car is not an easy proposition. The proposition of working all night was quite depressing.,Reading Focus Language Point,10. Indeed, the key players Ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization. (Para. 12) in (a) great/some measure e.g. The children were given a great measure of independence. He is in some measure rather careless. 翻译：事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们 能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。,Reading Focus Language Point,personality (n.): 1. someones character, especially the way they behave towards other people 个性 e.g. He was an ambitious man with strong personality. 2. someone who is famous often appears in newspapers , on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person 名人 e.g. One of the most well-liked TV personalities 3. someone who has a very strong character and is very different from other people 人物 e.g. He was a dynamic personality in the business world.,Reading Focus Language Point,辨析 personality person people human He is quite a_ in the district. It is a horrible thing to see one _ make another suffer. Ireland was inhabited by two _. He lived for the _ and died for the _. That was the beginning of the life of us _.,Reading Focus Language Point,personality,person,peoples,people,people,humans,Task 2 （page 12-14）,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P12),Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,Reading Focus Detailed Information,B,A,D,B,D,B,C,B,B,B,1. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 2. I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong. 3. I know. You know. I know that you know. I know that you know that I know.,Just Relax!,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12-,Vocabulary in Action Task 1 Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P.15),A,C,C,B,D,D,C,A,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,B,D,D,A,publicc,Details of the highly sensitive information have not been made _. 2. Working at home requires a good deal of _. 3. He never ceased to be amazed by her physical _. 4. The article made no _ to previous research on the subject. 5. The great _ of our plan lies in its simplicity. 6. The palace and its grounds are open to the _ during the summer months. 7. Supporters _ outside the courtroom during the trial.,Task 2 Read the words and their explanations in the box in page 16. Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning. Change the form if necessary.,disciplineb,strengtha,referencea,strengthd,publica,demonstratedb,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,8. I didnt enjoy studying PhilosophyI found it too much of a theoretical _. 9. Ask your teacher to act as one of your _. 10. He said he left the company because of a _ clash with the director. 11. Different cultures have different ways of _ their children. 12. The study _ the link between poverty and malnutrition. 13. The disclosure of the information will not be a criminal offence if it can be shown that it was in the _ interest. 14. The book will become a standard work of _. 15. Its partly the architecture which gives the town its _.,disciplinec,referencesc,personalitya,discipliningd,demonstrates a,publicd,referenceb,personalityc,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,Task 3,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P17),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employment,The independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific 1)_ : academic and industrial. For decades, academia has 2) _lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to 3)_ .,employment,paid,adjust,Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic 4)_ , collaboration remains informal and is actually 5)_ by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing 6)_ for their work with others.,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employment,setting,discouraged,credit,Large-scale academic collaboration has taken place successfully in the past; the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research, and numerous experimental particle physics projects, to 7) _ just a few examples, are not perhaps academic in the purest sense, but they 8)_ that academic scientists can play well with others. More recently, new systems biology studies are bringing a sense of 9)_ into academic life science labs, but there have been some growing pains. Still, in most of academic scienceincluding the life sciencethe lone wolf still 10)_.,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employment,teamwork,demonstrate,cite,rules,Why Do We Work?,Reading More,Text Exploration Complete the following extract with information from the text. We work for money, but also for sanity. Lawyers expect to be well compensated in dollars, also in 1)_ ways. The key elements of noneconomic compensation include: 1. Professional identity Law firms pay psychic compensation by 2)_ professional prerogatives, providing lawyers with autonomy in matters of professional judgment, and affirming the special respect 3)_ to lawyers who 4)_ to ethical standards in all of their professional dealings. Whats more, they need to take care not to impinge on lawyers exercise of 5)_ professional judgment. This is equally important to professional autonomy. 2. Personal pride Lawyers compensate themselves with the powerful 6)_ of a job well done. For an elite firm, its unwise to 7)_ the drive to excellence, even when its not cost effective in the short term.,Reading MoreGlobal understanding,nonmo