2017_2018学年高考英语一轮复习周末培优第03周介词介词短语动词短语含解析新人教版.docx

介词、介词短语和动词短语（测试时间：40分钟，总分：60分）班级：_ 姓名：_ 座号：_ 得分：_I.用适当的介词（短语）填空(每小题0.5分，共5分)1. (2017新课标I卷语法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.2. (2017新课标I卷阅读理解)I got a rescue call _a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.3. (2017新课标I卷阅读理解)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) _discovery and lifelong learning _ science, math and technology.4. (2017新课标I卷阅读理解)The friendship that grew out_ the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root _ the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came _ a tradition of theater and live TV.5. (2017新课标I卷完形填空) _ the years, Id run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.6. Most people work because its unavoidable._ contrast ，there are some people who actually enjoy work.7. These comments came _ response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.8. This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. x&kw9. The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.10. Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.【参考答案】1.as2.from3.for; in4.of; in; from5.Through6.By7.in 8.in9.by10.above.单项填空(每小题0.5分，共5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.（2017北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。2.（2017江苏）Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense ofC. in face of D. in relation to【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与有关。故选D。3.（2017江苏） Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B 4.（2017天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。settled down安顿下来；keep off远离；get up起床；cut in插嘴。根据句意可知选A。5.If you had prepared _, you wouldnt be in such a bad position.A.in turnB.in particularC.in advanceD.in short【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:如果你提前作好准备，你现在也不会处于这样糟糕的处境。in turn反过来； in particular尤其，特别； in advance预先，提前； in short总之。6.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _from the world.A. carried awayB. broken downC. cut offD. brought up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意：当这些老人的孩子们远离他们生活时，他们感觉到跟这个世界隔绝了。cut off意为切断，隔绝，符合语意，所以这里选C项。7.I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _a conversation with her.A. carry onB. break intoC. turn downD. cut off【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话，因为我总是很忙，难以和她进行谈话。carry on进行，从事；break into破门而入；turn down拒绝(提议等)；cut off 中断，切断。8.Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.A.in detailB.in generalC. on purposeD.in time【答案】A9.The salesman sold me the car at a lower price and added some fancy gifts _.A. for exampleB. for saleC. for good measureD. for one thing【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。句意：那个推销员以较低的价格卖给我汽车，并额外给我送了一些精美的礼物。A.for example例如：B.for sale出售；待售；C.for good measure作为额外增添；另外；D.for one thing一方面。故选C。10.People can live_one another only when they regain that simple and basic love.A.in harmony withB.in love withC.in line withD.in touch with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：人唯有重拾那份简单的、基础的爱，彼此才能和平相处。in harmony with与和平相处。III.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.We shared the brief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与Paul Newman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，Paul Newman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it.B. The studio powers didnt like his agent.C. He wasnt famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C. They were both good actors.D. They have similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul”可知，作者当时还不是很有名。故选C。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core （核心）of our relationship off the screen”可知，作者与Paul之间有着相似的性格特征。故选D。4.B 【解析】写作意图题。根据“I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。IV. 完形填空(每小题1分，共20分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I Am Truly Grateful That I Had CancerAt the age of 10, I was diagnosed with cancer. During treatment, I understood everything but the 1 of my case. It was not until recently that I realized how sick I was then. This November of 2015 will 2 my five years off chemotherapy(化疗) and I will be finally 3 of cancer. I know sick children often felt blue. In order to help brighten their 4 , I created a program through which I brought celebrities(名人) children 5 and respected to visit them in hospitals. The 6 I received from being able to 7 up the childrens day was indescribable. This fall, I will 8 my junior year of high school. I love learning and I truly 9 the time spent in school because during chemotherapy treatments I was often too 10 to attend. Another big part of my life is 11 activity. During my treatment it was very hard for me to walk let alone 12 . After finishing chemotherapy my main 13 was being able to run and play 14 again. Im overjoyed to say Ive been able to 15 that aim. Being able to stand on the court and play sports again is a(n) 16 feeling. To me its important to convey a 17 of positivity and hope that anyone can make the most of any situation in life. Many dont 18 and think its strange when I say this, but Im truly grateful that I had cancer. Having experienced that, I have become brave 19 have also gained appreciation for life. I know with determination everyone can follow their 20 . 1. A. developmentB. seriousnessC. nameD. cause2. A. mark B. end C. begin D. reward3. A. warned B. informed C. suspected D. cured4. A. spirits B. future C. rooms D. way5. A. attracted B. impressed C. admired D. missed6. A. respect B. joy C. gift D. education7. A. make B. clear C. clean D. light8. A. enter B. leave C. visit D. drop9. A. kill B. save C. treasure D. waste10. A. young B. weak C. lazy D. busy11. A. mental B. indoor C. physical D. social12. A. swim B. lie C. jump D. run13. A. goal B. task C. problem D. idea14. A. cards B. chess C. sports D. music15. A. further B. kick C. set D. achieve16. A. amazing B. puzzling C. satisfying D. touching17. A. note B. message C. word D. wish18. A. speak B. apologize C. understand D. remember19. A. and B. but C. or D. so20. A. steps B. examples C. suggestions D. dreams【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了身患癌症的作者在战胜病魔后，对生活充满了热情，以积极乐观的态度投入生活的故事。1. B 【解析】根据下文 how sick I truly was then可知， 作者在治疗过程中不知道自己病情的严重程度，故选B。2. A 【解析】根据语境可知，作者已经有五年没有接受化疗了，故选A。3. D 根据前文的off chemotherapy 可判断，作者的癌症被治愈了。cure. . . of 治愈的疾病，此处用过去分词表示被动。9. C 【解析】从前句I love learning和后文可知，作者喜欢上学，由此判断，作者会很珍惜在学校的时间，故选C。10. B 【解析】根据上下文可知，作者因生病化疗身体虚弱而不能上学，故选B。11. C 【解析】从下文的walkrun和play sports等词可判断，此处指体育运动。12. D 【解析】根据下文的run 判断，作者身体虚弱而不能走路，更别说跑了。 letalone更别说。13. A 【解析】根据下文中的aim判断，化疗结束后，能够再次跑步、运动是作者的目标，故选A。14. C 【解析】根据下文Being able to stand on the court and play sports again判断，作者希望仍然能参加体育运动。15. D 【解析】从语境判断，作者病愈后达到了自己的目标。16. A 【解析】根据上文中的overjoyed可以推断作者目标达成后惊喜的心情，故选A。17. B 【解析】根据后面的从句内容可知，作者想传递的是一种积极乐观的信息。18. C 【解析】从下文可知，人们对于作者的这种说法感到奇怪，也不理解该说法。19. A 【解析】分析句子结构并结合语境可知此处应用and 连接两个并列的谓语。20. D 【解析】从上文可知，只要有毅力，任何人都可以追寻自己的梦想，故选D。V.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently a new research has been reported. It said that many fathers of children experienced lots of injuries per year while playing with 1(they)children. Some fathers felt that it was the most dangerous thing of being a parent walking across the floor 2(cover)by toys. And some of them fell over because clothes or other things3(throw)everywhere. Besides, 4third of fathers were knocked down by their young children when fighting with them and a quarter got hurt when playing football or climbing trees with them. In fact, one 5five young fathers picked up an injury when doing something that wasnt suitable for them.z*xxkThe research also found that some of the fathers who were 6(serious)injured had to take time off work. 7,not all of them had medical insurance(保险)in place 8(prevent)the case that they were too ill to work. And they were more likely to face a situation 9their mobile phones and holiday bookings declined sharply during illness. So the fathers took much10(press)from both the family and the work.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了由于父亲们在与孩子们玩耍时候常常会受到意外的伤害，得出父亲们有很多的来自家庭和工作上的压力。1.their【解析】考查代词。句意：据说每年很多父亲在与他们的孩子玩耍时候都会经历受伤，故用their。2covered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为父母最危险的事情是步行通过铺满玩具的地板，前面名词floor与动词cover之间表示被动且后面by被动语态标志，故用covered作后置定语。5in【解析】考查介词。1/5的父亲会得到意外的伤害，此处是分数的表达：基数词+介词+基数词，故用in。6seriously【解析】考查副词。句意：那些遭受严重伤害的父亲们不得不请假此处副词修饰动词，故用seriously。7However【解析】考查副词。句意：然而并不是所有的人有医疗保险，前后形成转折且副词However表示转折后面用逗号隔开。VI.短文改错 (每小题1分，共10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Everyone should take the action to reduce haze(雾霾), which is harmful to our health. First of all, I believe if we plant more trees, there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb exhaust fumes(尾气) from cars, thus reduce pollution. Second, the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to