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计划周记进度检查表.xls

角片套冷冲压工艺及级进模设计【22张图纸】【优秀】

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角片套冷冲压工艺及级进模设计【22张图纸】【优秀】.rar

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角片套冷冲压工艺及级进模设计开题报告.doc

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计划周记进度检查表.xls

设计图纸22张

上模座-A1.exb

下模座-A1.exb

侧刃-A4.dwg

侧刃-A4.exb

侧刃挡块-A4.dwg

侧刃挡块-A4.exb

凸模固定板-A1.exb

凸模垫板-A1.dwg

凸模垫板-A1.exb

凹模-A1.dwg

凹模-A1.exb

切口凸模-A4.dwg

切口凸模-A4.exb

切废料凸模-A4.exb

切断弯曲凸模-A4.dwg

切断弯曲凸模-A4.exb

卸料板-A1.exb

导正冲孔凸模-A4.exb

导正钉-A4.exb

整形凸模-A4.dwg

整形凸模-A4.exb

整形推杆-A4.exb

第1次拉深凸模-A4.exb

第1次拉深推杆-A4.exb

第2次拉深凸模-A4.exb

第2次拉深推杆-A4.exb

第3次拉深凸模-A4.exb

第3次拉深推杆-A4.exb

装配图-A0.dwg

装配图-A0.exb

摘要

　　　本模具采用切废料方式进行冲压，模具结构采用切口、拉深、冲导正孔、导正再拉深、切废料、弯曲、切断的工序设计，排样采用单排横排排列。并采用正装方式设计模具结构，即凹模装在下模部分，同时为了正确控制送料步距采用单侧侧刃定距，在主要位置采用导正销导正精确定位。由于料较薄，冲压速度较快，卸料可采用弹性卸料结构，建议弹性材料采用弹簧。废料采用在凹模（下模）向下推出，最后产品也是在下模向下推出。带料采用自动左右有侧压的送料装置。同时为了正确控制送料步距采用侧刃定距。由于料不是很厚，冲压速度适中，故卸料采用弹性卸料结构，弹性材料采用矩形截面弹簧。废料和产品均采用向下推出。带料采用自右向左的自动送料装置。

　　　冲压工艺分析主要考虑产品的冲压成形工艺，最主要的是包括技术和经济两方面内容。在技术方面，根据产品图纸，主要分析零件的形状特点、尺寸大小、精度要求和材料性能等因素是否符合冲压工艺的要求；在经济方面，主要根据冲压件的生产批量，分析产品成本，阐明采用冲压生产可以取得的经济效益。因此工艺分析，主要是讨论在不影响零件使用的前提下，以最简单最经济的方法冲压出来。

关键词：角片套；冲压工艺；排样；级进模

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义1

1.2 课题国内外研究概况1

1.2.1 国外模具发展概况1

1.2.2 国内模具发展概况2

1.3 课题研究的主要内容3

2 冲压工艺设计4

2.1 冲压件简介4

2.2 冲压的工艺性分析5

2.3 冲压工艺方案的确定7

2.3.1 冲压模具类型7

2.3.2 冲压工艺分析和计算8

2.3.3 工序汇总14

3 角片套连续模设计15

3.1 模具结构15

3.2 确定其搭边值16

3.3 确定排样图16

3.3.1 送料步距与带料宽度16

3.3.2 排样方案18

3.4 材料利用率计算18

3.5 凸、凹模等刃口尺寸的确定19

3.5.1 侧刃、侧刃凹模刃口尺寸计算19

3.5.2 切口凸、凹模刃口尺寸计算20

3.5.3 第1次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差21

3.5.4 第2次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差22

3.5.5 第3次拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差22

3.5.6 拉深整形凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差23

3.5.7 导正孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差23

3.5.8 冲圆孔凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差24

3.5.9 切废料凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差25

3.5.10 切断凸、凹模刃口尺寸及其公差26

3.5.11 弯曲凸、凹模工作部分尺寸计算27

3.6 冲压力计算29

3.6.1 侧刃冲压力29

3.6.2 冲切口部分冲压力29

3.6.3 拉深部分冲压力30

3.6.4 冲导正孔冲压力31

3.6.5 整形部分冲压力32

3.6.6 冲圆孔冲压力32

3.6.7 切废料部分冲压力32

3.6.8 切断部分冲压力33

3.6.9 弯曲部分冲压力33

3.6.10 总冲压力34

3.7 压力机选用34

3.8 压力中心计算35

3.9 模具主要零部件的结构设计35

3.9.1 凹模结构及设计35

3.9.2 卸料板设计37

3.9.3 凸模固定板设计38

3.9.4 凸模垫板设计39

3.9.5 切口凸模的结构设计39

3.9.6 第1次拉深凸模设计40

3.9.7 第2次拉深凸模设计40

3.9.8 第3次拉深凸模设计41

3.9.9 整形凸模设计42

3.9.10 侧刃设计42

3.9.11 侧刃挡块设计43

3.9.12 导正冲孔凸模设计44

3.9.13 切废料凸模的结构设计44

3.9.14 切断弯曲凸模的结构设计45

3.9.15 导正钉设计46

3.10 标准件确定46

3.10.1 模架确定46

3.10.2 上模螺钉确定47

3.10.3 上模销确定47

3.10.4 下模螺钉确定48

3.10.5 下模销确定48

3.10.6 卸料螺钉确定48

3.10.7 卸料弹簧设计48

3.10.8 拉深顶件弹簧设计48

3.10.9 抬料销确定49

3.10.10 抬料销弹簧设计49

3.10.11 凸模固定螺钉确定49

3.10.12 挡块固定螺钉确定49

3.10.13 挡块销确定49

3.11 模具闭合高度、校验压力机49

4 结论与展望51

致谢52

参考文献53

1 绪论

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义

　　　1．针对题目得到机械原理、机械设计、模具设计、CAD等课程的综合训练。针对题目使自己在冲压模具工艺分析、模具总体结构方案论证与设计，模具零件结构设计与计算、编写技术文件、查阅文献和三维设计软件应用能力方面受到一次综合训练。培养学自己独立调查研究、科技检索、方案论证、规范化科技写作等方面的能力。

　　　意义：模具在汽车、飞机、工程机械、动力机械、冶金、机床、轻工、日用五金等制造业中起着极为重要的作用。采用模具生产毛坯或成品零件，是材料成型的一种重要方法，与切削加工相比，具有材料利用率高、能耗低、产品性能好、生产效率高和成本低等显著特点。

　　　2．课题中的工件为形状较为简单的壳形件，有落料、弯曲、拉深等成型工艺，做起来有一定的难度。但可以较全面的综合运用和巩固冲压模具设计与制造等课程的基础知识和专业知识，培养从事冲压模具设计与制造的初步能力。通过该设计可以培养我分析问题和解决问题的能力，了解和熟悉冲压模具设计与制造的一般步骤，更深入的认识冲压模具零件的设计和加工过程，达到“知己知彼”的效果。通过该设计可以培养我在模具设计过程中认真负责、踏实细致的工作作风和严谨的科学态度，强化质量意识和时间观念，养成良好的职业习惯。设计过程中还将用到CAD制图软件来完成模具图形的绘制，无形中又让自己对CAD有更深入了解和掌握。

　　　本课题涉及的知识面广，综合性较强，在巩固大学所学知识的同时，对于提高设计者的创新能力、协调能力，开阔设计思路等方面为作者提供了一个良好的平台

1.2 课题国内外研究概况

　　1.2.1 国外模具发展概况

　　　1．高新技术在模具企业中得到广泛应用

　　　广泛应用CAD/CAE/CAM技术，超越了甩掉图板、二维绘图的初级阶段，3D设计已达到了70～80%。PRO/E、UG、CIMATRON等软件普遍应用。数控机床的普遍应用，保证了模具零件的加工精度和质量。CAE技术已逐渐成熟（意大利COMAU公司应用CAE技术后，试模时间减少了50%以上）。

　　　普遍采用高速切削加工技术普遍采用高速切削加工技术普遍采用高速切削加工技术普遍采用高速切削加工技术。特征：以高切削速度、高进给速度、高加工质量。加工效率：比传统的切削工艺要高几倍，甚至十几倍。转速：15000～30000r/min。效益：大大缩短制模时间。

　　　普遍应用快速成型技术与快速制模技术。塑料模具：有专门提供原型制造服务的机构和公司塑料模具厂家利用快速原型浇制硅胶模具，用于少量翻制塑料件。汽车模具：多为锌基合金快速制模和使用环氧树脂制作金属成型模。

2．国外，特别是欧美和日韩等发达地区的模具工业起步较早，拥有比较先进的生产管理技术及经验，值得我们国内模具行业学习和借鉴。在欧美，许多模具企业将高新技术应用于模具的设计和制造，主要体现在充分发挥了信息技术带动和提升模具工业的优越性；高速切削、五轴高速加工技术基本普及，大大缩减制模周期，提高企业的市场竞争.3 课题研究的主要内容

　　　1．制件工艺分析和工艺方案制定

　　　a）冲裁件的工艺分析：本次毕业设计的零件对冲裁工艺有良好的适应性，故采用冲裁工艺。

　　　b）工艺方案制定：根据毕业设计任务书的要求，本次冲裁工艺方案采用落料冲孔复合模。

　　　2．必要的工艺计算

　　　对冲裁件的尺寸大小，精度要求进行相关计算。

　　　3．模具结构分析与设计；

　　　模具的结构分析与设计包括工作部分，模架，冲模的辅助装置与辅助机构，横向冲压机构。

　　　4．模具主要零件设计及有关尺寸计算；

　　　模具主要零件设计计算包括工作零件，定位零件，压料、卸料及出件零件，导向零件，固定零件，紧固及其他零件。

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内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目角片套冷冲压工艺及级进模设计 2、专题二、课题来源及选题依据来源于无锡海诺有限公司，是电器产品上的一个零件。模具是机械工程及其自动化专业的一个专业方向，选择模具方向的毕业设计题目完全符合本专业的要求，从应用性方面来说，模具又是生产效率极高的工具之一，能有效保证产品一致性和可更换性，具有很好的发展前途和应用前景。连续模在模具中技术含量高，制造、装配难度大，因此本课题研究连续模的冲压工艺、排样方案、模具结构分析等方面，同时要求学生要有良好的心理素质和仔细认真的作风，对学生也是一次很好的练习机会。三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：综合应用各种所学的专业知识，在规定的时间内对产品进行冷冲压工艺分析，制订完整的冲压工艺方案，并完成整副模具设计、数据计算和图纸（所有图纸折合A0不少于2.5张）绘制，具体内容如下：1完成模具装配图：1张（A0或A1）； 2零件图：主要是非标准件零件图（不少于5张）； 3冷冲压工艺卡片：1张； 4设计说明书：1份（15000字以上，其中参考文献不少于10篇，外文不少于5篇）； 5翻译8000以上外文印刷字符，折合中文字数约5000字的有关技术资料或专业文献，内容要尽量结合课题。四、接受任务学生：机械95 班姓名刘强力五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月12日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2012年11月12日无锡太湖学院冷冲压工艺卡片零件名称角片套零件图号116001材料牌号及规格H62M0.846.1L毛坯种类带料毛坯尺寸46.1L每毛坯可制件数1件/每41.6工序号工序名称工序内容冲压设备工艺装备一次加工数工序附图10冲裁1个侧刃J23-40模具和自动送料机构120冲孔切口J23-40模具和自动送料机构130拉深第1次拉深J23-40模具和自动送料机构140拉深第2次拉深J23-40模具和自动送料机构150冲孔冲导正孔J23-40模具和自动送料机构160拉深第3次拉深J23-40模具和自动送料机构170整形整形J23-40模具和自动送料机构180冲孔冲孔J23-40模具和自动送料机构190冲孔切废料J23-40模具和自动送料机构1100冲裁弯曲切断、弯曲J23-40模具和自动送料机构1110检验检验班级机械95姓名刘强力学号0923228日期2013.5.17批改日期英文原文 Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology 1 introduction Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh. On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable. 2 fast economical pattern makings technologies type The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave. 2.1 fast prototypes manufactures technology The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80s later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually. RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. Under summarized already commercialization several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft. 2.1.1 lasers three-dimensional photoetching technology (SLA) The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the product the three-dimensional model, through the microcomputer control laser, according to the determination path, is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning, causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector, is united as one body, forms the final three dimensional entity, after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and so on place the quantity, forms the workpiece or the mold. The laser three-dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shape wilfully the complex shape, takes shape the precision high, simulation strong, material use factor high, performance reliable, the performance price quite is high. Suits the product outlook to appraise, the function experiment, fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold. But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive, causes its cost to be high. 2.1.2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology (LOM) The LOM technology is through the computer three-dimensional model, the use laser selectively to its lamination slice, will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake, finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product. Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly, takes shape the material small advantage, the cost lowly, because does not have changes, therefore does not have the thermal load, the contraction, the inflation, the warp and so on, therefore the shape is stable with an inch precision, after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time, specially the duplicate miscellaneous items interior waste material strips. This craft is suitable for the aviation, the automobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture. 2.1.3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology (SLS) The SLS technology is the computer three-dimensional model through the lamination software its lamination, under the computer control, causes the laser beam basis lamination the slice section information to the powder by the level scanning, scans to the powder agglutinates the solidification (polymerization, agglutinates, caking, chemical reaction and so on), layer upon layer superimposes, piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece. This technical most major characteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials (the polycarbonate, the polyethylene chloride, the paraffin wax, the nylon, ABS, The casting granulated substance) makes components. 2.1.4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology (FDM) The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the condition material the spray nozzle, determines the geometry information according to the CAD product model lamination software, squeezes out half flow regime the heat to model the material deposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer, from bottow to top layer upon layer piles up a three dimensional entity, may make the mold or the product directly. 2.1.5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology (3D-P) The 3D-P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing head continuously, the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material by the level on the powder level, finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printing two-dimensionalleve Justs like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology. This technical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porous ceramics on, its goal is produces the mold or ? the manufacture directly by the CAD product model. 2.2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types. 2.2.1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m. At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold. 2.2.2 electrolytic castings take shape the technology The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface. This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture. 2.2.3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology The etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal surface. This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.2.3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold.2.3.1 tin metal alloy system mold techniqueThe tin metal alloy makes the mold technique quickly is a basis through the kind piece, with total metal alloy of ( the orders 138 s, the bulge rate is thousand times it three) of the Bi- Sn( tin of ) two dollars for material, have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold, cave mold, press a kind of technique of the side turn.Should the technical characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the metal alloy is re-usable, the manufacturing period is short, the size accuracy is high, the shape, size and the kind pieces agree with completely, a mold for casting life span can amount to 500-3000, very in keeping with new product development, craft verification, the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace. 2.3.2 zinc metal alloy system mold technique This is a kind of to take the kind piece( or the kind mold) as the basis, with the order for 380 or so zinc metal alloys for material, sprinkle to note the convex and cave mold respectively, a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process in principle.The techniques characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the period is short, being applicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtle to cut the mold and plastics molds.2.3.3 resin compounds model the molding tool technique This is a kind of to take the kind mold( or the craft model) as the basis, taking resin or its compound materials as the fluid material, sprinkling the convex( cave) mold of outpouring first, again the convex( cave) mold of basis sticks up the wax slice( the cleft layer), sprinkling to note the convex( cave) mold.A surface that that technique model does not need the machine to process.The that technique and CAD/ CAMs combine together, the characteristics is the molding tool size accuracy high, the manufacturing period is short, the cost is low, is the new product manufacture on a trial basis, the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path.Be applicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold( also can the part inset the steel), vacuum to absorb the and gather the ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold, porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc.2.3.4 rubbers of system mold techniqueThat technique take making a prototype or models as the basis, making into soft rubber of system piece, then depend the high pressure dint and models to fit together completely.2.4 extrusions takes shape the technology 2.4.1 cold extrusions takes shape Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution. 2.4.2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL. 2.5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming2.6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for 0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low. 2.7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in the practical application.2.7.1 dry sands solid casting Namely all does not do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55-100 goal, spreads with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 0.2-1mm thick permeability good fireproof coating level, by enhances the casting superficially attractive fineness, prevented the fat sand or collapses the box.2.7.2 negative compactions castingThe negative compaction casting calls V law modelling. This technology is the use all does but does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, in under the plastic film seal condition, entire lets cast (vacuum degree 0.4-0.67MPa) carries on the liquid metal casting under the negative pressure condition, after the casting coagulates relieves the negative pressure then to obtain the superficial bright and clean casting.2.7.3 resins granulated substance solid castingMakes the molding sand using the resin granulated substance, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, under the normal temperature, the atmospheric pressure carries on the liquid metal casting but to make takes the casting. uses the solid casting the technical manufacture mold semifinished materials to have the size precision high (the ISO9 level), processing remainder small (generally about 5mm), does not need to pull out the mold ascent, does not need the making core and the sand core brace, saves the metal material, economical makes the wooden model the lumber, the manufacture cycle short, the cost is low. This technology suits large-scale, is complex, the single unit mold semifinished materials production. the ceramics fine cast, lose the cerotin to cast and so on the technology are increasing the mold semifinished materials precision, reduce the processing man-hour, reduce the manufacture cycle, reduce aspect and so on cost also demonstrate its unique superiority. 2.8 other aspects technologiesin order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge built-up welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on. 2.8.1 nitrogen springs on mold application The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre- tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, ex-denning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold design, reduces the pattern making cycle, debugs the mold to be convenient, reduces the replacement mold time, enhances the production efficiency. 2.8.2 fast trades the mold technology Because product variety increasing, causes the mold in the production the transmutation extremely frequently, how thereupon reduces the ramming equipment the down time, enhances the production efficiency, fast traded the mold technology to receive peoples attention. At present developed industrial nation some big companies traded the mold speed to achieve astonishing degree, whether had fast trades the mold technology to become for an enterprise technology advancement sign. The always tendency is reduces the mold to install on the equipment, to be fixed, the adjustment time, this both must give in the equipment structural design to consider, and must in the mold structural design, the standardized aspect consider, machine on work as far as possible placing machine under will do.2.8.3 ramming units combination technology The ramming unit combination technology is dies a resolve into each one simple unit the convention to die, according to the working procedure request, the arrangement combination, completes the many kinds of ramming working procedure when the identical inferior stroke the new craft equipment, the work the ramming unit not with the punch press slide joint, only needs the slide attack then to complete the ramming work. When independent employment it is 1 complete mold. It may use for to process the sheet or the molding punch holes, falls the material, cuts the angle, the grooving, shuts off and the shallow stretch and so on. Has the assembly strongly, the easy to operate, the versatility, the efficiency is quickly good and so on the characteristic, suits the multi- varieties specially, center the production. 2.8.4 cutting edges built-up weldings technology In dies in the manufacture, take the ordinary gray iron as the substrate, in the cutting edge spot built-up welding high degree of hardness alloy steel, by replaces the molding tool steel to inlay the block, this technology becomes one of world advanced crafts. This is an item saves the manufacture man-hour, saves the expensive mold steel products, reduces the mold manufacture cycle the fast economical pattern making technology. At present melts extremely the argon arc welding technology application, enhanced the cutting edge built-up welding speed and the quality greatly. This technology various countries mold profession has widely used, has obtained the good economic efficiency. 2.8.5 solid casting die the cutting edge to inlay the block technology This is one kind dies the cutting edge method with the solid casting technique manufacture, namely inlays the block with the alloy-steel castings to replace forges the alloy steel to inlay the block. At present because the casting craft and the heat treatment craft consummate and the enhancement unceasingly, the casting inlaid the block the intrinsic quality to have the guarantee, therefore its application scope was expanding unceasingly. This item by casts the new technical prominent characteristic which the generation hammers saves the precious mold steel products, simplifies the mold manufacture working procedure, because the processing remainder is small, has saved the massive machining man-hour, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, reduces the mold cost. 2.8.6 may process the plastic in mold manufacture application May process the plastic to be common in the developed industrial nation application, specially in manufacturing industry and so on automobile, airplane, mainly replaces the lumber or the metal manufacture automobile body host model, the profile, examines has and the casting model and so on. May process the plastic the main characteristic is has both the lumber and the metal fine workability, the manufacture craft simple and direct (may use compression molding, pour, spells sticks, method well and so on sculpture), the size stability, does not distort, bears moistly, anti-corrosive, is easy to repair, the easy modification, the weight light, the manufacture cycle short, the cost to be low. 3 concluding remark Fast economical pattern making technology type very many, its has the characteristic, the application scope are various, this article only can broadly make some simple introductions, each kind of technology still had many concrete technological processes, the craft parameter and its the technical characteristic in the concrete application and the implementation process. The mold is one of foundation industries, in the globalization market economy and under each kind of high technology and new technology swift and violent development situation, the fast economical mold has entrusted with the new mission and the brand-new connotation, the classification increases unceasingly, the fast economical pattern making material turns towards the multi- varieties seriation to make great strides forward, the craft has the new innovation and the breakthrough unceasingly, is published one after another with it supplementary equipment, the service domain in opens up unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency is more and more remarkable. Along with the commodity economy development, the intense market competition, the product renewal acceleration, is reducing the cycle to the fast economical pattern making technology, reduces the cost, will increase the precision and lengthens the life aspect the request to be able to be more and more high inevitably. Because it can cause the enterprise to win the market, creates the remarkable economic efficiency, more and more receives entrepreneurs favor and the concerned leader departments enormous attention and the policy fund support. Each kind of fast economical pattern making technology also can consummate mature and the development unceasingly in the promoted application process, as a result of the high technology and new technology development, each kind of technical bonding with the seepage, for the adaption production in different demand, surely will be able to form some, the frugal energy, the frugal material fast pattern making technology new from now on. 中文译文现代快速经济制造模具技术1引言随着全球经济的发展，新的技术革命不断取得新的进展和突破，技术的飞跃发展已经成为推动世界经济增长的重要因素。市场经济的不断发展，促使工业产品越来越向多品种、小批量、高质量、低成本的方向发展，为了保持和加强产品在市场上的竞争力，产品的开发周期、生产周期越来越短，于是对制造各种产品的关键工艺装备模具的要求越来越苛刻。一方面企业为追求规模效益，使得模具向着高速、精密、长寿命方向发展；另一方面企业为了满足多品种、小批量、产品更新换代快、赢得市场的需要，要求模具向着制造周期短、成本低的快速经济的方向发展。计算机、激光、电子、新材料、新技术的发展，使得快速经济制模技术如虎添翼，应用范围不断扩大，类型不断增多，创造的经济效益和社会效益越来越显著。2快速经济制模技术类型快速经济制模技术与传统的机械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度与寿命又能满足生产上的使用要求，是综合经济效益比较显著的一类制造模具的技术，概括起来，有以下几种类别。2.1快速原型制造技术快速原型制造技术简称RPM，是80年代后期发展起来的一种新型制造技术。美国、日本、英国、以色列、德国、中国都推出了自己的商业化产品，并逐渐形成了新型产业。RPM是电脑、激光、光学扫描、先进的新型材料、计算机辅助设计(CAD)、计算机辅助加工(CAM)、数控(CNC)综合应用的高新技术。在成型概念上以平面离散、堆积为指导，在控制上以计算机和数控为基础，以最大柔性为总体目标。它摒弃了传统的机械加工方法，对制造业的变革是一个重大的突破，利用RPM技术可以直接或间接地快速制模，该技术已被汽车、航空、家电、船舶、医疗、模具等行业广泛应用。下面简述一下目前已经商业化的几种典型快速成型工艺。2.1.1激光立体光刻技术(SLA)SLA技术是交计算机CAD造型系统获得制品的三维模型，通过微机控制激光，按着确定的轨迹，对液态的光敏树脂进行逐层扫描，使被扫描区层层固化，连成一体，形成最终的三维实体，再经过有关的最终硬化打光等后处量，形成制件或模具。激光立体光刻技术主要特点是可成型任意复杂形状，成型精度高，仿真性强，材料利用率高，性能可靠，性能价格比较高。适合产品外型评估、功能实验、快速制造电极和各种快速经济模具。但该技术所用的设备和光敏树脂价格昂贵，使其成本较高。2.1.2叠层轮廓制造技术(LOM)LOM技术是通过计算机的三维模型，利用激光选择性地对其分层切片，将得到的各层截面轮廓层层粘结，最终叠加成三维实体产品。其工艺特点是成型速度快，成型材料便宜、成本低，因无相变，故无热应力、收缩、膨胀，翘曲等，所以形状与尽寸精度稳定，但成型后废料块剥离较费事，特别是复杂件内部的废料剥离。该工艺适用于航空、汽车等和中体积较大制件的制作。2.1.3激光粉末选区烧结成型技术(SLS)SLS技术是将计算机的三维模型通过分层软件将其分层，在计算机控制下，使激光束依据分层的切片截面信息对粉末逐层扫描，扫描到的粉末烧结固化(聚合、烧结、粘结、化学反应等)，层层叠加，堆积成三维实体制件。该技术最大特点是能同时用几种不同材料(聚碳酸脂、聚乙烯氯化物、石蜡、尼龙、ABS、铸造砂)制造一个零件。2.1.4熔融沉积成型技术(FDM)FDM技术是由计算机控制可挤出熔融状态材料的喷嘴，根据CAD产品模型分层软件确定的几何信息，挤出半流动状态的热塑材料沉积固化成精确的实际制件薄层，自下而上层层堆积成一个三维实体，可直接做模具或产品。2.1.5三维印刷成型技术(3D-P)3D-P技术用微机控制一个连续喷墨印刷头，依据分层软件逐层选择性地在粉末层上沉积液体粘结材料，最终由顺序印刷的二维层堆积成一个三维实体，犹如不使用激光的快速制模技术。该技术主要应用在金属陶瓷复合材料的多孔陶瓷预成型件上，其目标是由CAD产品模型直接生产模具或功能性制作。2.2表面成型制模技术表面成型制模技术，主要是利用喷涂、电铸、化学腐蚀等新的工艺方法形成型腔表面及精细花纹的一种工艺技术，实际应用中包括以下几种类型。2.2.1电弧喷涂成型制模技术电弧喷涂成型技术的原理是：利用2根通电的金属丝之间产生电弧的热量将金属丝熔化，依靠高压气体将其充分雾化，并给予一定的动能，高速喷射在样模表面，层层镶嵌，形成一金属壳体，即型腔的内表面，再用充填基体材料(一般为金属粉粒与树脂的复合材料)加以支撑加固，提高其强度和刚性，连同金属模架组合成模具。这种制模技术工艺简单、成本低，制造周期非常短，型腔表面的成型仅需几个小时，节省能源和金属材料，一般型腔表面仅2-3mm厚，仿真性极强，花纹精度可达到0.5m。目前该技术被广泛地用于飞机、汽车的内饰件模具、家电、家俱、制鞋、美术工艺品等表面形状复杂及花纹精细的各种聚氨酯制品的吹塑、吸塑、PVC注射、PU发泡及各类注射成型模具中。2.2.2电铸成型技术电铸成型技术的原理同电镀一样，是依样模(现成制品或按制品图纸制成的母模)为基准(阴极)，置放在电铸液中(阳极)，使电铸液中的金属离子还原后一层一层地沉积在样模上，形成金属壳体，将其剥离后，与样模接触的表面即为模具的型腔内表面。该技术主要特点是节省材料、模具制造周期短，电铸层硬度可达40HRC，提高了耐磨性和寿命，粗糙度、尺寸精度与样模完全一致，适用于注射、吸塑、吹塑、搪塑、胶木模、玻璃模、压铸模等模具型腔及电火花成型电极的制造。2.2.3型腔表面精细花纹成型的蚀刻技术蚀刻技术是光学、化学、机加工综合应用的一种技术，它的基本原理是先把花纹图案制成胶片，再把胶片上的花纹图案复制在已涂上光敏材料的模具型腔表面上，经过化学处理，模具型腔表面形成不被蚀刻部分的保护层，再根据模具材质，选择相应蚀刻工艺，将花纹图案蚀刻在模具内表面上。该技术的主要特点是时间短、费用低，修补破损花纹图案可做到天衣无缝。2.3浇铸成型制模技术浇铸成型制模技术的共同特点是依样件为基准，浇铸出凸、凹模，型腔表面不需要机械加工。实际制模中主要有以下几种类型。2.3.1铋锡合金制模技术铋锡合金快速制模技术是经样件为基准，以Bi-Sn(铋锡)二元共晶合金(熔点138，胀缩率万分之三)为材料，有精密铸造的方法同时铸出凸模、凹模、压边圈的一种技术。该技术的特点是制模成本低，合金可重复使用，制造周期短，尺寸精度高，形状、尺寸

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