PLC在冰蓄冷中央空调系统控制中的应用#中英文翻译#外文翻译匹配

外文翻译资料 1 PLC in the ice storage central air-conditioning system of control PLC 在冰蓄冷中央空调系统控制中的应用 1 Introduction 引言 In PLC in 30 years which developed, it passes through develops unceasingly, already could unify simulates I/O, the network corresponds as well as uses new programming standard like IEC 61131-3. However, engineers only must use digital I/O and few simulations I/O number as well as simple programming skill on potential 80% industrial application 在 PLC 被开发出来的三十年里，它经过不断地发展，已经能结合模拟I/O，网络通信以及采用新的编程标 准如 IEC 61131-3。然而，工程师们只需利用数字 I/O 和少量的模拟 I/O 数以及简单的编程技巧就可开发出 80%的工业应用 . PLC has been widely used in all industrial sectors. According to The United States market information World PLC and software market report, in 1995 the global software PLC and its economies of scale of about 5 billion US dollars 5. As electronic technology and the development of computer technology, PLC已经广泛的应用在所有的工业部门。据 “ 美国市场信息 ” 的世界 PLC以及软件市场报告称， 1995年全球 PLC及其软件的市场经济规模约 50亿美元 5。随着电子技术和计算机技术的发展， PLC的功能得到大大的增强， Because uses traditional the tool to be possible to solve 80% industrial application, like this intensely needs to have low cost simple PLC; Thus promoted the low cost miniature PLC growth, it has the useful trapezoidal logical programming digital I/O. However, this has also created the discontinuity in the control technology, on the one hand 80% application need to use the simple low cost controller, but on the other hand other 20% application then have surpassed the function which the tradition control system can provide. Engineer is developing these 20% application to need to have the higher circulation speed, the senior control algorithm, the more simulations function as 外文翻译资料 2 well as can well and the enterprise network integration. 由于采用传统的工具可以解决 80%的工业应用，这样就强烈地需要有低成本简单的 PLC；从而促进了低成本微型 PLC 的增 长，它带有用梯形逻辑编程的数字I/O。然而，这也在控制技术上造成了不连续性，一方面 80%的应用需要使用简单的低成本控制器，而另一方面其它的 20%应用则超出了传统控制系统所能提供的功能。工程师在开发这些 20%的应用需要有更高的循环速率，高级控制算法，更多模拟功能以及能更好地和企业网络集成。 In 80 and the 90s, these must develop 20% application engineers had considered uses PC in the industry control. PC provides the software function may carry out the senior task, provides the rich programming and the user environment, and the PC COTS part enables control engineer the technology which develops unceasingly to use in other applications. These technologies including floating point processor; High speed I/O main line, like PCI and ethernet; Fixed data memory; software development kit. Moreover PC also can provide the incomparable flexibility, highly effective software as well as senior low cost hardware. 在八十和九十年代，那些要开发 “20% 应用 ” 的工程师们已考虑在工业控制中使用 PC。 PC 所提供的软件功能可以执行高级任务，提供丰富的图形化编程和用户环境，并且 PC 的 COTS 部件使控制工程师能把不断发展的技术用于其它应用。这些技术包括浮点处理器；高速 I/O 总线，如 PCI 和以太网；固定数据存储器；图形化软件开发工具。而且 PC 还能提供无比的灵活性，高效的软件以及高级的低成本硬件。 Ice thermal storage air conditioning is the central power grid could be redundant-night ice electricity in the form of cold storage, in the daytime peak hours of electricity to provide air-conditioning services melting ice. As most parts of our country at night than during the day much lower price, using ice cold storage central air-conditioning can greatly reduce user operating costs. 冰蓄冷中央空调是将电网夜间谷荷多余电力以冰的冷量形式储存起来，在白天用电高峰时将冰融化提供空调服务。由于我国大部分地区夜间电价比白天低得多，所以采用冰储冷中央空调能大大减少用户的运行费用 Ice storage central air-conditioning system configuration of equipment 外文翻译资料 3 than conventional air conditioning system to increase some, require a higher degree of automation, but it automatically to meet the requirements of the air-conditioned buildings all day every day under the conditions of the energy he has exhausted all, the biggest limits to save operating costs. 冰蓄冷中央空调是将电网夜间谷荷多余电力以冰的冷量形式储存起来，在白天用电高峰时将冰融化提供空 调服务。由于我国大部分地区夜间电价比白天低得多，所以采用冰储冷中央空调能大大减少用户的运行费用 the PLC functions are greatly enhanced, with the following characteristics: 具有以下特点： (1) high reliability. PLC benefited from the high-reliability hardware and software on a series of anti-jamming measures and the cycle of its special scanning methods of work. 可靠性高。 PLC 的高可靠性得益于软、硬件上一系列的抗干扰措施和它特殊的周期循环扫描工作方式。 (2) with rich I / O interface module. PLC for different industrial field signal and the corresponding I / O modules and industrial devices or equipment at the scene of a direct connection. In addition to improving performance, it also has a variety of man-machine dialogue interface modules to the industrial composition of local area networks, it also multiple communications network interface module. 具有丰富的 I/O 接口模块。 PLC 针对不同的工业现场信号，有相应的 I/O 模块与工业现场的器件或设备直接连接。另外为了提高操作性能，它还有多种人机对话的接口模块；为了组成工业局部网络，它还有多种通讯联网的接口模块。 (3) modular structure. To meet the needs of various industrial control, in addition to a small PLC unit, the vast majority of PLC are modular structure. PLC various components, including the CPU, power supply, I / O, etc. is modular in design from the rack and cables will connect each module, the systems size and function in accordance with the needs of users of its own portfolio. 采用模块化结构。为了适应各种工业控制需要，除了单元式 的小型 PLC 以外，外文翻译资料 4 绝大多数 PLC 均采用模块化结构。 PLC 的各个部件，包括 CPU、电源、 I/O 等均采用模块化设计，由机架及电缆将各模块连接起来，系统的规模和功能可根据用户的需要自行组合。 (4) easy to learn programming. Most of the PLC programming relay control circuit similar to the ladder diagram form, the user, do not have computer expertise, it is easy to general engineering and technical personnel understand and master. 编程简单易学。 PLC 的编程大多采用类似于继电器控制线路的梯形图形式，对使用者来说，不需要具备计算机的专门知识，因此很容易被一般工程技术人员所理解和掌握。 (5) Installation is simple and easy maintenance. PLC does not require specialized equipment room in a variety of industrial environments can be directly run. Various modules are run and fault indication devices, user-friendly understanding of the operation and find fault. The modular structure, so any failure of a module, users can replace the module, allowing the system to rapidly resume operation. 安装简单，维修方便。 PLC 不需要专门的机房，可以在各种工业环境下直接运行。各种模块上均有运行和故障指示装置，便于用户了解运行情况和查找故障。由于采用模块化结构，因此一旦某模块发生故障，用户可以通过更换模块的方法，使系统迅速恢复运行 2 control system 控制系统结构 The control system consists of the crew (Floor Control Workstation) and PC (central management workstation), with the crew using programmable logic controller (PLC) with the touch screen, PC using industrial-grade computers and printers, system configuration necessary if the annex communications equipment interfaces, network interface cards, modems and so on, to achieve the parameters of the storage system and intelligent automatic operation. 控制系统由下位机（现场控制工作站）与上位机（中央管理工作站）组成，下位机采用可编程序控制器（ PLC）与触摸屏，上位机采用工业级计算机与打印外文翻译资料 5 机，系统配置必要的附件如通信设备接口、网卡、调制解调器等，实现蓄冷系统的参数化与全自动智能化运行。 Under the crew at the scene and touch-screen systems can control, parameter settings and data. PC remote management and print, it contains the crew and all of the features touch screen. Following the system as a whole crew of industrial programmable logic controller as the core, to achieve automatic control. Control equipment and devices including: detection sensor components, electric valves, converter, etc. 下位机和触摸屏在现场可以进行系统控制、参数设置和数据显示。上位机进行远程管理和打印，它包含下位机和触摸屏的所有功能。整个系统以下位机的工业级可编程序控制器为核心，实现自动化控制。控制设备与器件包括：传感检测元件、电动阀、变频器等。 Under the 2.1-Systems (Regional workstations) 下位机系统（区域工作站） 2.1.1 TP21 touch screen TP21触摸屏 TP27 used as a color touch-screen operator panel, completely replace conventional button, lights device, the control cabinet interviewed more tidy. Moreover, TP27 touch screen at the scene showed that the state can be realized, system settings, mode selection, parameter setting, fault recording, record load, time-of-day, real-time data, load curve and reporting statistics, and other functions, Chinese intuitive and friendly user interface. 采用 TP27彩色触摸屏作为操作面板，完全取代常规的开关按钮、指示灯等器件，使控制柜面谈得更整洁。并且， TP27触摸屏在现场可实现状态显示、系统设置、模式选择、参数设置、故障记录、负荷记录、时间日期、实时数据显示、负荷曲线与报表统计等功能，中文操作界面直观友好。 2.1.2 SIEMENS PLC SIEMENS 可编程序控制器 SIMATIC S7-300 Series PLC applied to all walks of life, all kinds of occasions in the detection, monitoring and control automation, its powerful features to both operate independently, or linked to a network able to achieve complex control functions. SIMATIC S7-300 系列 PLC 适用于各行各业、各种场合中的检测、监测及控外文翻译资料 6 制的自动化，其强大功能使其无论在独立运行中，或相连成网络皆能实现复杂控制功能。 The product features photoelectric isolation, and high electromagnetic compatibility; high industrial applicability, allowing the ambient temperature of 60 ; has a strong anti-jamming and anti-vibration and impact resistance, in the harsh environment of the work has been widely applications. 该产品具有光电隔离，高电磁兼容；具有很高的工业适用性，允许的环境温度达 60 ；具有很强的抗干扰、抗振动与抗冲击性能，因此在严酷的工作环境中得到了广泛的应用。 I also means freedom of communications S7-300 PLC, a very unique features, it makes S7-300 PLC with any communication protocol can open other equipment, communications controller, or PLC S7-300 can be defined by the users themselves communications protocols (for example ASCII protocol), baud rate of 1.5 Mbit / s (adjustable). Thus the scope of the communications can be greatly increased, the control system configuration more flexible and convenient. Any serial interface with peripherals, such as: printer or bar code readers, the drive, a modem (Modem), the upper PC can be connected to the machine. Users can program to develop communication protocol to exchange data (such as: ASCII character code), RS232 interface with the equipment available PC / PPI free cable linking communications communication. 自由通讯口方式也是 S7-300 型 PLC 的一个很有特色的功能，它使 S7-300型 PLC 可以与任何通讯协议公开的其它设备、控制器进行通讯，即 S7- 300 型PLC 可以由用户自己定义通讯协议（ 例 ASCII 协议），波特率为 1.5Mbit/s（可调整）。因此使可通讯的范围大大增加，使控制系统配置更加灵活、方便。任何具有串行接口的外设，例如：打印机或条形码阅读器、变频器、调制解调器（ Modem）、上位 PC 机等都可连接使用。用户可通过编程来编制通讯协议、交换数据（例如： ASCII 码字符），具有 RS232 接口的设备也可用 PC/PPI 电缆连接起来进行自由通讯方式通讯。 Chip and Chip Holders 芯片和芯片插座 lntegrated Circuis are usually called Ics orchips. Thay are complex circuits, 外文翻译资料 7 which have benn etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor(silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1(2.54mm)grid, whichwill fit the holes on stipboard. Very fine wires inisde the package link the chip to the pins. 集成电路是把复杂电路刻蚀到微小的半导体硅芯片上，故常称做芯片，双列直插式芯片是用塑料封装且两侧带有间隔为 0 1 英寸的引脚，这些引脚可以插在焊接电路板上或面包板上，封装内部有很细的线把这些引脚与芯片连接。 Pin numbers 引脚的数目 The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC(chip) starting near the notch or dot. It shows the numbering for 8-pin and 14-pin Ics, but the principle is the same for all sizes. 引脚是用数字从一个缺口或一个圆孔开始逆时针编号的，如一个 8 脚和一个 14 脚的芯片的引脚编号，对所有的尺寸芯片都是这样编号的 1) Chip holders(DIL sockets) 芯片插座 ICs(chip)are easily damageded by heat when soldering and their short pins cannot be protected with a heat sink. Instead we use a chip holder, strictly called a DIL socket(DIL=Dual In-Line), which can be safely soldered onto the circuit board. The chip is pushed into the holder when all solding is complete. 芯片焊接时受热容易坏掉，它们短短的引脚也不能用散热片保护，我们用新片插座来保护，严格上应该称为双列直插插座，可以先把插座焊接到电路板上，再把芯片插入插座。 Chip holders are only nedded when solding so they are not used on breaboards. 只有当需要焊接时才用芯片插座，用面包板搭电路时不用插座 。 Commercially produced circuit boards often have chips soldered directly to the board without a chip holder ,usually this is done by a machine which is able to work very quickly .Please donnot attemp to do this yourself because you are likely to destory the chip and it will be different to remove without damage by de-soldering 实际产品的电路中通常不用插座而是把芯片直接焊接在电路板上的，外文翻译资料 8 因为实际产品是用机器焊接的，焊接速度很快（不会损坏芯片）。你 不要这样做，因为可能会损坏芯片，而且在调试时要移去芯片，而焊住的芯片要取下且不损坏芯片是很难的。 2) Removing a chip from its holder 从插座上拔出芯片 If you need to remove a chip it can be gently prized out of the holder with a small flat-blade screwdriver. Carefully lever up each end by inserting the screwdriver blade between the chip and its holder and gently twisting the screwdrive. Take care to statre lifting at both ends before you attempt to remove the chip,otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins. 如果你要取下一个芯片，你可以用一个小平口螺丝刀轻轻地把芯片从插座中拔出。仔细地在两 端把平口螺丝刀插入芯片与插座之间，轻轻地翘起芯片，注意要分别在两端口起翘，否则会把引脚弄弯甚至折断 3） Bipolar Integrated Circuits MOS Integrated Circuits 双集型（晶体管）集成电路和 MOS 集成电路 Historically, bipolar Integrated Circuits used to be much more popular than MOS Integrated Circuits,particularly for small-sace logic Circuits. There were two major reasons for this: first, bipolar-junction transistors originally could be manufactured more reliably than MOS transistors,and second , they were faster, As the reliabitity of MOS transistors improved, and as integrated Circuits became more complex , which made the lower power and small size of MOS logic more important, the popularity of BJT logic decreased, however, BJT technology is still popular for the highest frequency logic circuits. 历史上，双集型集成电路曾比 MOS 集成电路更普及，尤其是对小规模集成逻辑电路而言。主要有两个 ，一个是最初双晶体管（即三极管）要比 MOS 更可靠，其次是三极管速度比 MOS 管快。但随着 MOS 管的可靠性的改进以及集成电路变的越来月复杂，使得 MOS 逻辑电路的体积小及损耗功率小的这两个优点显得更重要了，双极型逻辑电路的使用也减少了，然而双极型晶体管集成电路技术在高频逻辑电路中仍有用。 When the PC offline, under the control of the next crew, the entire 外文翻译资料 9 system can operate normally. 当上位机脱机时，在下位机控制下，整个系统能正常运行 PC System 2.2 (central management workstation) 2.2 上位机系统（中央管理工作站） PC 2.2.1 2.2.1 上位机 PC that is by control centre, mainly by the PC and laser printer components, SIMATIC WINCC software platform used by the entire Chinese user interface, friendly man-machine dialogue. Management and operation, can be observed by PC-display all kinds of information to understand the current and previous controlled the entire ice storage system and the operation of all parameters, and equipment through the mouse print management and the implementation of tasks. 上位机即图文控制中心，主要由 PC机和激光打印机组成，采用SIMATIC WINCC软件平台，采用全中文操作界面，人机对话友好。管理人员和操作者，可以通过观察 PC机所显示的各种信息来了解当前和以往整个冰蓄冷自控系统的运行情况和所有参数，并且通过鼠标进行设备管理和执行打印任务。 2.2.2 WINCC software platform 2.2.2 WINCC 软件平台 WINCC software in the field of automation can be used for all operator control and monitoring tasks. Process control can be in the events clearly show, can show that the current state records in accordance with the order, all the recorded data can be displayed or select summary form, or may be required for editing, and output print statements and trends . WINCC 软件在自动化领域中可用于所有的操作员控制和监控任务。可将过程控制中发生的事件清楚地显示出来，可显示当前状态并按顺序记录，所记录的数据可以全部显示或选择简要形式显示，可连续或按要求编辑，并可输出打印报表和趋势图。 WINCC able to control the process of the critical early stages of the report, and the signal can be displayed on the screen, and can also use voice demonstrated. It support the use of on-line help and operational guidelines to eliminate fault. WINCC a specialized workstations can be used to control the process so that the important process information is not shielded. - Aided 外文翻译资料 10 software strategy assurance process is not illegal access, and provide for the industrial environment no wrong in the operation. WINCC 能够在控制过程中危急情况的初发阶段进行报告，发出的信号既可以在屏幕上显示出来，也可以用声音表现出来。它支持用在线帮助和操作指南来消除故障。某一 WINCC 工作站可专门用于过程控制以使那些重要的过程信息不被屏蔽。软件辅助操作策略保证过程不被非法访问，并提供用于工业环境中的无错操作 。 WINCC is MICRSOFT WINDOWS98 or WINDOWS NT4.0 operating system, running on a PC object-oriented class 32 applications, through Windows OLE and ODBC standard mechanism, as an ideal communications partners to enter WINDOWS world, and therefore can be easily WINCC to integrate a company-wide data processing system. WINCC 是 MICRSOFT WINDOWS98或 WINDOWS NT4.0操作系统下，在 PC机上运行的面向对象的一流 32位应用软件，通过 OLE和 ODBC视窗标准机制，作为理想的通讯伙伴进入 WINDOWS世界，因此 WINCC可容易地结合到全公司的数据处理系统中。 3 ice storage system control 冰蓄冷系统的控制 3.1 control objectives, scope and mainly controlled equipment 控制目的、范围及主要受控设备 Storage Control System control purposes: Through the refrigeration host, ice storage devices, plate heat exchanger, the system pumps, cooling towers, piping system regulating valve control, ice storage system adjustment of the status of the operation mode, in the most economical circumstances to the terminal to provide a stable water supply temperature. At the same time, improve the level of automation, improve the management efficiency and reduce labor intensity management. 蓄冷控制系统控制目的：通过对制冷主机、储冰装置、板式热交换器、系统水泵、冷却塔、系统管路调节阀进行控制，调整储冰系统各应用工况的运行模式，在最经济的情况下给末端提供一稳定的供水温度。同时，提高系统的自动化水平，提高系统的管理效率和降低管理劳动强度。 外文翻译资料 11 Control of the ice storage system, including the entire state of the parameters, equipment status and control, the main control equipment: duplex status console, electric valves, cooling towers, cooling water pumps, ice storage devices, the primary glycol pump, plate heat exchanger , sub-glycol pumps. 控制范围包括整个冰蓄冷系 统的参数状态显示、设备状态及控制，主要控制设备有：双工况主机、电动阀、冷却塔、冷却水泵、蓄冰装置、初级乙二醇泵、板式换热器、次级乙二醇泵等。 3.2 control 控制功能 Control functions include the ice storage system stability, and economic operation of the required functions. 控制功能包括整个冰蓄冷系统稳定、经济运行所需的功能。 3.2.1 status of the conversion function 工况转换功能 Depending on the season and machinery operation, automatic control system with the following conditions conversion functions: 根据季节和机器运行情况，自控系统具备以下工况转换功能： a) duplex host ice conditions at the same time cooling mode; b) duplex status of a separate ice-making mainframe model; c) ice-storage devices and host joint cooling mode; d) of ice-melting separate cooling mode; e) for the console alone Cold model. a） 双工况主机制冰同时供冷模式； b） 双工况主机单独制冰模式；c） 主机与蓄冰装 置联合供冷模式； d） 融冰单独供冷模式； e） 主机单独供冷模式。 3.2.2 The status of the start-up and shutdown, display and alarm functions Fault 工况的启停、显示和故障报警功能 Control system according to the chronological layout with load forecasting software, mainframe and external control refrigeration equipment start-up and shutdown of the surveillance equipment and the number of working conditions and operating parameters, such as: 控制系统按编排的时间顺序，结合负荷预测软件，控制制冷主机及外围外文翻译资料 12 设备的启停数量及监视各设备之工作状况与运行参数，如： - Commitment refrigeration console, status and fault alarm - refrigeration mainframe operating parameters - the protection of water cooling host - host for refrigeration / return water temperature, pressure telemetry and display; - Commitment chilled water pumps, status and fault alarm - glycol pump start-up and shutdown, status and fault alarm - start-up and shutdown cooling pumps, status and fault alarm - bypass pipe pressure mea