外文翻译原文-基于MSP430智能流量积算仪混合型单片机

SAS2007-IEEESensorsApplicationsSymposiumSanDiego,CaliforniaUSA,6-8February2007IntelligentFlowTotalizerBasedonMSP43OMixedSingleMicrocontrollerYinpingJiangDepartmentofAutomation,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,ChinaAbstract-AccordingtothefactsthatmechanicalRootsflowII.DESCRIPTIONOFMSP430SCMmetersarewidelyappliedfornaturalgasflowmeasurement,anTIMSP430low-powermicrocontrollersintegrateawideintelligentflowtotalizerbasedonzeropowerpulsesensorisdevelopedinthispaper.TheflowtotalizerisdesignedbasedonrangeofperipheralequipmentsaccordingtodifferentMSP430singlechipmicroprocessor(SCM)coupledwithapplications.Theyprovidefivedifferentlow-powermodestoadvancedelectroniccircuitandsoftware,anddevelopedintoanextendbatterylifeofportablemeasurementequipments.Theintelligentheadwithmulti-functionsanddigitaldisplay.BothpowerfulRISCCPUforthemixedsignalprocessorhas16-bittheoreticalandexperimentalresultsshowthattheintelligentflowregistersandconstantgenerator,whichoptimizethecodetotalizerhasfavorableperformancewithlowpowerconsumptionefficiency.TheNCOscillatorallowstransitionfromlowandhighaccuracy.Comparedwithsimilarproducts,thisdesignischaracterizedwithsimplehardwarestructure,powerfulpowermodetoactivepatterni6microseconds.softwarefunctions,highreliabilityandlowcosts.ThemeterwithMSP430X13XandMSP430X14X(1)microcontrollersarethisdesigncanworkatatemperatureaslowas-30C,andhasacomposedoftwoembedded16-bittimers,onefast12-bitADstronganti-jammingcapability.NotlimitedtoRootsMeter,theconverters,oneortwouniversalserialsynchronous/totalizercanworkwithotherpulse-typeinstrumentsfordataasynchronouscommunicationinterfacesand48I/Ocessing.Thedesignhasbeenprovedfeasible,andthetotalizerMSP430memoryisbuiltinFeng-Newmanstructure,iSbeingappliedInthemarket.whereROM,RAMandexternalmoduleareconnectedbytheIndexTerms-MSP430F149,flowtotalizer,Wiegandsensor,samegroupofaddressanddatabus.Thus,thesamecommandsmeterfactorcanbeusedtoaccessROM,RAMorexternalmodule,orexecutetheprogramintheRAM.ROM,RAM,SFRandexternalmodules,whicharealllocatedinthesamepublicI.INTRODUCTIONaddressspace,withtheaddressablespaceof60KB.Jndustrialflowmetershavevarioustypes,asmanyas60.SuchavarietyisbecauseanysingletypeofflowmeterhasitsIII.CORECONTROLMODULEANDEXTERNALHARDWAREmerits,butmeanwhilemeasurementlimits.AndthereisnoBLOCKflowmeterthatcanworkforanyfluid,inanyrange,andunderThecorecontrolmoduleinuseisTIMSP43OF149MCU.anycondition.AnaccuratemeasurementrequirescorrectTheclocksignalgeneratedbytheinternalDigitalControlledselectionofaflowmeter.FlowmeasurementitselfisacomplexOscillator(DCO)issettoIMHz.Timerisselectedtobeantechnology,andsuchawidevarietyofflowmetersaddthemeasurementdifficulty.Asaresult,foracertainapplication,theselectionofasuitableflowmetercanbeahighlytechnicalPaverwork,whichrequiresacarefulanalysisandbalanceofvariousfactorsrelatedtothemeasurement.CorecontrolmoduleofthestudiedmeteristheTexasDetectAmplifierInstrumental(TI)MSP430F149microcontroller.Thistypeofsinglechipmicroprocessorhasmeritsofultra-lowpowerTemp-&ifconsumption,16-bitCPU,embeddedhigh-precisionA/Dconverter,serialcommunicationport,hardwaremultiplierandSglfMSP43OF149Patanti-jammingcapability.Otherfeatures,includingsmallsize,highspeedandthestrongI/OdrivingcapabilityenableFdabdIdatrdMSP43OF149tocalculateandcontrolaccuratelyforthegasStandadflowmeasurement.ManuscriptreceivedOctober9,2006.YinpingJiangiswiththeDepartmentofAutomation,TianjinUniversity,92WeijinRoad,NankaiDistrict,Tianjin,300072ChinaFig.1:Systemstructurediagram(phone:011-86-22-27406118;e-mail:).1-4244-0678-1/07/$20.00)2007IEEE1external32.768KHzQuartzcrystaloscillator.Theselectionsaccuracyof0.50C.Itsoutputisa12bitsdigitalsignalwithcanreduceexternalinterferencetothemainCPUclock;sign.SCMcanreadtemperaturevaluedirectlywithoutthereforemaketheclockmoreaccurate.conversion,avoidingthecomplicatedcalculationanddataSystemstructurediagramisshowninFig.1.Systemprocessing.Moreover,thedigitaltransmissionhasgreatlycontrollerisMSP430F149.Externalmodulesincludepressureenhancedtheanti-jammingsystem,andissuitableforonsitedetector,temperaturedetector,pulsesignaldetector,powertemperaturemeasurementintheharshenvironment.modules,keyboardmodule,LCD,standardcurrentoutput,Forpressuremeasurement,MCpressuresensorisselected,clockmodule.whosemeasurementrangeisfromafewkPatoseveralMPa.Ithaswideworkingtemperaturerange(from-400Cto800C)A.Temperatureandpressuredreteionunimportsntparametersandhighaccuracywiththerelativeerrorlessthan0.25%.MCTemperatureandpressurearetwoimportantparametersforpressuresensorsneedconstantpowersource.Inthesystem,theflowmeters,especiallyforthosewithtemperatureandpressureconstantcurrentsourceLM334isused.Intheacquisitionofcompensation.ThemeasurementaccuracyofthosetwocosatcfensureL34iuedInhecqstonfparameterscandirectlyaffecttheaccuracyofflowpressure,LM334providesaboutImAelectricitytopressuresensor.Then,pressuresensorcanaccuratelydetectvoltageandmeasurement.Inordertoachievehighermeasurementinputittotheamplifier.Afteramplification,thepressuresignalaccuracy,thisworkutilizesadigitaltemperaturesensorissentintothemicrocontroller,whereA/DconversioncanbeDS18B20tofirstlyacquiretemperaturesignal,andthensenditprocessed.BecauseMSP430F149hasaninternal12bitsA/DtoA/DconverterinMSP430SCMtoobtaindigitaloutput.conversionmodule,itsresolutioncanreach0.6mvwith2.5VTemperaturedetectioncircuitisshowninFig.2.basescaleandcanmeetaccuracyrequirementoftheflowmeter.LIOVPressuredetectioncircuitisshowninFig.3.A.hBDS18B2(12M3+34AIjOkR022vr:MsturX;lR1313it00k200VccTJK4UJI399:210KT46-_4=sP617_LI;ts,K-7a2R2S.vxtTJ+U?C411143kR6Rioal0Ok500katIGF3itFig.3:PressureinspectcircuitFig.2:TemperatureinspectcircuitB.PulsesignaldetectionunitInDS18B20,Pin3isconnectedto3VDCpowersupply,PulsesignalisdetectedbyWiegandsensor.WiegandsensorwhilethecommunicationwithmicroprocessorisrealizedismadebasedonWiegandeffect,namedafteritsdiscoverer,throughpin2.DallasDS18B20,withitsunique1-Wprotocol,JohnR.Wiegand.Theworkmechanism(seeFig.4)is:onceimplementsoneportpinforcommunication.Thecontrollinethebistablealloymaterialinthesensorisstimulatedintherequiresapull-upresistor(R12asshowninFig.2).Insuchabussystem,maincontrolleridentifieseachdeviceviaa64-bituniquecodeonthedevice.Eachtimewhentemperatureisread,signallineisrequiredtoplacehigher,andthenputback.L519Themaincontrollerfirstlydegradescertaintimedelayforsignalline,setdirectionasoutput,andthenpullupthesignalClinestoacertaindelaytime,setdirectionasinputandreadtheHcurrentportstatetogainthevalue.ThroughwritingCChto4.7113bus,44hmaincontrollerenablestemperatureconversionforall1D20theDS18B20s,writeCChandBEhcommandstothebus,andOUKfinallygetthetemperaturereadingafterconversion.IZPIl|IIIII|IXtDS18B20DigitalTemperatureSensorsystemhasaseriesoflmerits:simplestructure,highmeasurementaccuracy,easyIIILconnection,andlessoccupationofcommunicationcable,etc.Temperaturemeasuringrangeis-550C1250C,withanFig.4:CircuitschematicofWiegendsensor2alternatingmagneticfield,themagnetizationdirectionTABLE1:UNITSFORMAGNETICPROPERTIESoverturnsinstantly.Andwhenthemagneticfieldisremoved,itSConversionfromGaussianandinstantlyrestorestotheoriginaldirectionofmagnetization.CGSEMUtoSIaTherefore,electricsignalisgeneratedinthedetectioncoilsmagneticflux1Mx-1OWb1OOVsaroundthealloymaterial,andrealizesthemagnetictoelectricBmagneticfluxdensity,1Go-10-4T=10-4Wb/m2aroundthealloymaterial,andrealizesthemagnetic-to-electricmagneticinductionswitch.Thefeaturesofthissensorare:noneedtouseexternalHmagneticfieldstrength1Oe-10/(47c)A/mpower(zeropower),nomechanicalcontact,andnovibration.mmagneticmoment1erg/G=1emuItissuitableforapplicationsinlow-powermeters.ItsMmagnetizationerg/(G-cm)Iemu/cmTdisadvantagesaretheamplitudeoutputislow(onlyIV),andg13IA/mthepulseisonlyaround30microsecond.47Mmagnetization1G-10/(47c)A/mInstrumentworkingstateisdisplayedinfiverowsof6specificmagnetization1erg/(Gg)=1emu/g-1Am2/kgnumbers(seeFig.5).Thefirstrowshowstime,includingthemagneticdipole1erg/G=1emumoment-*4irx10-10Wb.myear,month,day,hour,minute.ThesecondrowshowsJmagneticpolarization1erg/(Gcm3)=1emu/cm3temperaturewithunitsofCelsiusdegree.Thethirdrowshows-4nx10-4Tthepressuredata.TheunitisRPM.Thedisplayupperlimitisx,Ksusceptibility1-4r10MPa,whichmeetstheflowmetermeasurementrange.Thepemasssusceptibility1cm3/g-4rx10-7mkgfourthrowshowsthecumulativeflowwithunitofM3,whilepl=4nx10-7Wb/(Am)thefifthrowshowstheinstantaneousflowwithunitofm3/h.gUrrelativepermeabilityg-*grAcircleontherighttopisusedtoshowflowstate,andthew,Wenergydensity1erg/cm310AJ/m3batteryshapeontherightbottomisusedtoshowbatterystate.N,DdemagnetizingfactorI-e1/(4n)Noverticallinesintable.Statementsthatserveascaptionsfortheentire.C.Standardoutputcurrentmodulestabledonotneedfootnoteletters.aGaussianunitsarethesameascgsemuformagnetostatics;Mx=maxwell,G=gauss,Oe=oersted;Wb=weber,V=volt,s=second,T=tesla,mDsplayEteand11ne17:meter,A=ampere,J=joule,kg=kilogram,H=henry.TenPerature312.4Kphistoricaldatafromalongdistance.TheimprovementofpulsePccurmlativefrequencyalgorithmfurtherenhancestheinstrumentprecision.TotalFlux236496.48nflA64KnonvolatileferroelectricmemoryFM24CL64isappliedfordatastorage.ThismemoryhasastructureofInstantane-8192*8unit,allowingunlimitednumberofreadandwrite.ItousFlux109.3l/hcanmaintaindatafor10yearswhenpowerisdown,andcanwritedatawithoutdelay.Italsohasfasttwo-lineserialport,Fig.5:LCDscreenwithbusspeedashighas1MHz.ThehardwarecandirectlyInordertorealizeitsremotetransmission,flowsignalneedsreplaceBEPROM.ThesecharacteristicsmakeFM24CL64tobeconvertedtothe4-2OmAcurrentsignalfromthestandardidealforthehigh-speednonvolatileapplications.currentoutputmodule.ThecoreofthismoduleisbuiltusingE.RS-485communicationmoduleAM402chip.SCMconvertsflowsignalsintothePWMpulseIntheindustrialapplications,measurementequipmentsforbyadjustingthedutycycle,andthenuseAM402toconvertitenergyandpowerarewidelydistributedinvariousregions,intoastandard4-2OmAcurrentsignalforremotetransmission.whichcausesalotofinconveniencetoequipmentmonitoringWhenPWMswitchingdutycycleis0,theoutputis4mA,anddataacquisitions.Withthedevelopmentofintelligentrepresentingaminimalflow0m3/h.Whendutycycleis100%,instrument,communicationstechnologyhasbeencontinuouslyoutputis20mA,representingthelargestflow.24Vpowerstrengthened.Currentflowmeasurementinstrumentsaresupplyisrequiredwhenusing4-2OmAoutput.mostlyequippedwithRS-485interfaces,andmakeitpossibleD.DatastorageunittousefieldbustoachievecentralizedmonitoringanddataDatastoragefunctionsallowsettinginitialstoragetimeacquisitionformultiplemeasurementequipments.throughkeyboard.ThesmartmeterswillsavedataonceadayTheintelligentinstrumentinthisworkutilizesMicrosoftthroughkyor.Thsmr.eeswlavaaocaVisualBasicActiveXControlsforcontrolinterface,whichbasedontheinitialstoragetimewhichismanuallyset.The.savingparametersincludetime(years,months,hours,providesaconvenientenvironmentfortheserialminutes),cumulativeflow,instantaneousflowmetercommunicationsbetweenflowmeterinstrumentsandthecoefficint,puter,realizingdataacquisitionandcontrolfunctions.Datastoragefiunctionensurespreservinghistoricaldata,andCommunicationinterfacebasedonVB6.0issmleadenablestheaccesstothevariousparametersinamomentforthereibenaenwdlcetdihnutyinsrumntsReotecomuniatinirelizduingRS-85Thecommunicationsbetweentotalizerandcomputerisdatatransmission,whichmakesiteasiertoaccesscurrentandlrelzdiS45hl-ulxanrhroaieokasaslaveunit,andthePCasamasterunitforcontrollingand3monitoringtheflowmeterperformance.Communicationbauddeterminedbytheothermodules.Forexample,theindicatorrateismostly9600bps.pinfortheinstrumentconversioncoefficientisdeterminedbyF.Clockthefrequencyprocessingmodule,temperaturemeasurementmodule,andthepressuredetectionmodule.IndicationsignsWithDS1307clockmoduleusedintheexternalreal-timeforthestandardcurrentmodulesandRS-485communicationclock,microcontrollercanobtainthecurrenttimevalueviamodulearedeterminedbythescanning-DIP-switch.Datadirectlyreadingthecorrespondingmemorychips.TheprocessstoragesegmentreadsDS1307frequentlytodetermineifcanalsoprovidedatastoragemark.reachingthesetstoragetime.Ifthestoragetimeisreached,G.Batterylifeprogrambeginstheaccesstodatastoragesubroutine.SerialcommunicationmoduleintheSCMsinteriorisThefunctionofinstrumentcoefficientamendmentmoduleisdividedintotwoways:(1)overallSynchronous/toeffectivelycorrectpulsenumberfviatheadjustmentofAsynchronousReceiverTransmitterUSARTmoduleand(2)K-Factor,therebyenablemoreaccurateflow,inlinewiththethemodulesupportsserialcommunicationsthroughthetimertheoreticalderivations.Stepsfortheamendmentofinstrumentfunction.ThesetwoserialcommunicationmethodsarebothcoefficientKare:firstly,actualworkingconditionoftheusedinthesystem.Theformerisusedintheinstrumentcoefficientsaredeterminedfromtheparametersteleommnicaionandwirlessdattrasmisionmodle,giveninthestandardconditionsviatheidealgasequationofwhilethelatterisusedinareal-timeclockchipcommunication.state(naturalgasisregardedasanidealgasintheindustry);MCLKinMSP43OF149SCMusestheclocksignalgeneratedthenitissetbythestateofthederivedparametersunderactualbytheinternalDCOoscillator,whichisadjustedto1MHz.workingconditions,andthenitisroundedtothenearestintegerTimerusesexternal32.768KHzQuartzcrystaloscillator.Incoefficientsforthenewinstrument.Derivationisshownastheabsenceofflowsignals,SCMissetinalow-powermode,follows:withaworkcurrentofonlyafewmicroamperes.WhenthereFromtheidealgasequation:areflowsignals,SCMiswakedupandthencomesintoPovo-PVoperationstate,withanaveragecurrentabout400A.AlithiumToT(1)batterywithcapacityofl6AhcanensureanormaloperationofWhere,Po,Vo,Toareidealparameters,whileP,VandTatotalizerfor4-5years.aretheactualstateparametersInadditiontothosemainmodulesdescribedabove,thereareAfterthetwosidesofequation(1)aredividedbyAt,theothermodules,includingkeyboardoperation,over-currentprotectionandothersupportunits.ThesemodulescanbepOfslpselectedaccordingtotheusersneeds.Q-=QToT(2)IV.SOFTWAREDESIGNRelationshipbetweenflowandinstrumentcoefficientsis:Thesoftwaredesigninthisworkfollowsthreeprinciples:Qx36001.Softwarestructureisclear,conciseandlogicallysound;K(3)2.Programfunctionsaremodular,ensuringeasyWhereKisK-Factor,Qisflow,andfispulsefrequency.maintenance,managementandlinks;ThemainprogramflowdiagramisshowninFig.2.3.Programoperationrealizessignsmanagement.Theoperationofdifferentprogrammodulesiscontrolledthroughthestatesigns.K-Factor,asmentionedbefore,isamendedbasedonK-ffunction,usingpulsefrequencyftodeterminetheK-Factor.A.SCIIK/mainprogramThemeasurementaccuracyofpulsefrequencyfisdirectlyThemainprogramflowdiagramisshownintheFig.6.SCMrelatedtotheaccuracyoftheK-Factor.Inotherwords,iffisneedtoimplementinitiationproceduresduringpower-onornotmeasuredaccurately,thefollowingmeasurementandreset.Then,itjudgestheindicationsigninturn.Whenthecalculationwillhaveerrors.Therefore,theaccurateindicationsigniseffective,theprocedureforthefunctionalmeasurementofpulsefrequencyfisthebasisofhigh-precisionmoduleisimplemented.Ifitisvoid,thentheprocedureismeasurement.Bydefinition,pulsefrequencyfisthepulseskippedandprogramwilljumpdowntothenextone.Afterthenumberperunittime.Undernormalcircumstances,fisafinalprocedures,programreturnstothestaterightaftervariable.Itisdifficulttogetthereal-timepulsefrequencyatainitialization.particularmoment.Infact,inmostcases,whatweneedisaWithintheindicationsigns,LCDrefreshindicationsign,short-pulsefrequencyclosetotheaveragefrequency.real-timeclockreadingindicationsign,temperatureandDuringthesamplingprocessofintelligenthead,thetwopressuremeasurementsindicationsigns,andthecalculationadjacentsampleperiodsmayhaveonepulsedifference,eveninindicationsignforjudgingpulsefrequency,areprovidedbythesteadystateflow.Ifthesamplingtimeistooshortandtheregularlyinterruptedprocedures.Indicationsignforthepulsenumberisnotenough,onlyoneimpulsedifferencecankeyboardstateisprovidedbythediscontinued-serviceresultinalargererror.Ontheotherhand,ifthesamplingtimeprocedureofP2sign.Someoftheindicationsignsareistoolong,itwillbeunabletoquicklyfollowtheflowchanges,4asreflectedinslowperformance.JudgetheFlagodgetheFlagPulseFrequenclrrIONitiaiztio1-To0:ToCount1:NottoCountCorrectManagetheO-.OperationofStandi_|:.LPus_bO.ulsocanritheButtunsFTheFlaDt/obviousodefctAcomnctomoueMSominViuaBal.Iplloeb,|cihnFig.6:MainprogramflowdiagramExperimentalresultsshowthatathighpulsefrequency,Toavoidthedefectcomingwiththedirectacquisition,adirectacquisitioncanwork.Togetherwiththeslidingaveragemethodofdeterminingfrequencyviaperiodisusedinlowflowmethod,samplingtimecanbecontrolledin3-5seconds.Formeasurement.Thatis,theperiodbetweentwoneighboringexample,whenthenumberofpulsescollectedwithinw4secondspulsesismeasuredanditsreciprocaliscalculatedtoobtainis300,itcanberegardedthatthepulsefrequencyinthis4pulsefrequency.secondsis300/4=75.OnelessormorepulseduringtheTheaccuratemeasurementofTisachievedviatheTcounteracquisitionwillcausearelativeerrorof1/300=0.33%,whichisintheSCM.MSP430F149SCMhasa16bitcounter.Whenrathersmall.theexternalcrystaloscillatoris32K,themeasurementerrorforHowever.iftheDulsefreauencvislow.forexamDle,aboutTislessthan0.04microseconds.1.OneMSCommcontrolmodule,MSComml,forthefrequencyhasbeenimprovedtomakesthefluctuationlessthanprogramtoaccessserialport;0.7M3/h.Theutilizationofintelligentmeansenhances2.Twotimercontrolmodules(TimPeriodicandflowmeteraccuracyinthemeasurementofgasflow,andTimNonPeriodic).TimPeriodicisusedforPCtosendreducesthepowerconsumptionandenablesRootsgascyclicalordertotheinstrumentsinordertoobtaintheflowmeterforwiderapplications.ZeroPowerSensorscanregularfeedbackfromthem.TimNonPeriodicisusedreducethepowerconsumptionandincreasethelifeexpectancytocontrolthetimelagbetweentwoaperiodiccommandoftheflowmeter.Meanwhile,thecorrectionofidealgastransmissions;enablesmoreeffectivepressureandtemperaturecompensation3.Onesendbutton,CmdNonPeriodic,forsendingandimprovestheaccuracyoftheflowmeter.aperiodiccommands;4.AnumberoftextboxesfordisplayinginstrumentACKNOWLEDGMENTparameters;Thea