包装技术交流讲义.ppt

TRANSPORTPACKAGETESTINGANDTECHNICALCOMMUNION运输包装测试及技术交流耿涛（GENEGENG）通标标准技术服务有限公司上海分公司EMAILGENEGENGSGSCOMTEL021610729722运输包装的定义N为了尽可能降低运输流通过程对产品造成损坏，保障产品的安全，方便储运装卸，加速交接点验，人们将包装中以运输储运为主要目的的包装称之为运输包装。3运输包装的基本要求运输包装应具有以下基本要求N具有足够的强度、刚度与稳定性；N具有防水、防潮、防虫、防腐、防盗等防护能力；N包装材料选用符合经济、安全的要求；N包装重量、尺寸、标志、形式等应符合国际与国家标准，便干搬运与装卸N能减轻工人劳动强度、使操作安全便利。N符合环保要求。N运输包装器具设计应遵循的基本原则标准化、系列化原则；集装化、大型化原则；多元化、专业化原则；科学化原则；生态化原则等。4运输包装的形式N内包装N衬板N泡沫塑料及其替代品N气垫薄膜N现场发泡N填料5运输包装的标志的作用N运输包装的标志，其主要作用是在储运过程中识别货物，合理操作、按其用途可分成运输标志（SHIPPINGMARK）、指示性标志（INDICATIVEMARK）、警告性标志（WARNINGMARK）、重量体积标志和产地标志。运输标志、又称唛头，是一种识别标志。6运输包装标志的内容N按ISO的建议，运输标志包括四项内容L收货人名称的英文缩写或简称；2参考号，如订单、发票或运单号码；3目的地；4件号；例如1ABCD收货人名称2SC9750合同号码；3LONDON目的港；4NO420件号（顺序号和总件数）7运输包装标志的内容N运输标志在国际贸易中还有其特殊的作用。按公约规定，在商品特定化以前，风险不转移到买方承担。而商品特定化最常见的有效方式，是在商品外包装上，标明运输标志。此外，国际贸易主要采用的是凭单付款的方式，而主要的出口单据如发票、提单、保险单上，都必须显示出运输标志。商品以集装箱方式运输时，运输标志可被集装箱号码和封口号码取代N指示性标志。是一种操作注意标志，以图形和文字表达。如小心轻放、由此起吊、禁止翻滚等。N警告性标志。又称危险品标志，用以说明商品系易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蚀性或放射性等危险性货物。以图形及文字表达。对危险性货物的包装储运，各国政府制订有专门的法规，应严格遵照执行。N重量体积标志。运输包装外通常都标明包装的体积和毛重，以方便储运过程中安排装卸作业和舱位。N产地标志、商品产地是海关统计和征税的重要依据，由产地证说明。但一般在内外包装上均注明产地，作为商品说明的一个重要内容。8运输包装的方式运输包装的方式和造型多种多样，用料和质地各不相同，包装程度也有差异，这就导致运输包装具有下列多样性N按包装方式，可分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装前者，是指货物在运输过程中作为一个计件单位的包装；后者，是指将若干单件运输包装组合成一件大包装，以利更有效地保护商品，提高装卸效率和节省运输费有，在国际贸易中，常见的集合运输包装有集装包和集装袋N按包装型不同，可分为箱袋，桶和捆不同形状的包装N按包装材料不同，可分为纸制包装，金属包装，木制包装，塑料包装，麻制品包装，竹，柳，草制品包装，玻璃制品包装和陶瓷包装等N按包装质地来分有软性包坟，半硬性包装和硬性包装，究竟采用其中哪一种，须视商品的特性而定N按包装程度不同，可分为全部包装和局部包装N在国际贸易中，买卖双方究竟采用何种运输包装，应在合同中具体订明。9运输包装的作用和目的N保护克服物流过程中的各种危险因素N容装防止物品从容器中脱出，集合产品N搬运适应搬运和存储系统，充分利用空间N交接系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H运输中的振动振动固定的摆放位置圆周式振动垂直式振动随机垂直式振动水平式振动多轴式振动系列11A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H62分发时遇到的危险类型主要测试分类测试项目对应的ISTA测试标准仓库堆压压箱静压（砝码，载荷板）机械达到压力值后松开达到压力值后保持系列11C,1D系列22A,2B系列33E,3F,3H气候条件环境处理温度湿度大气压系列1无系列22A,2B,2C系列33A,3E,3F,3H测试项目总结63SGS获取ISTA认可的测试项目NISTA1系列1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1HNISTA2系列2A,2B,2C,2D,2ENISTA3系列3A,3E,3F64LABCAPACITYTRANSPORTATIONTESTINGFORPACKAGEDPRODUCTNOTESTPROPERTYSTANDARDAPPLIED1ISTAPACKAGEDTRANSPORTATIONTESTISTAPROCEDURE1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H,2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F,3A,3E,3F2FIXEDDISPLACEMENTVIBRATIONTESTASTMD9993RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTASTMD4728,ASTMD41694DROPTESTASTMD52765INCLINEIMPACTTESTASTMD8806COMPRESSIONTESTFORSHIPPINGCARTONASTMD6427ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGTESTASTMD433265LABCAPACITYNOTESTITEMSNOTESTITEMS1EDGECOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHTEST8BECKSMOOTHNESSTEST2BURSTINGSTRENGTHTEST9INKABRASIONRESISTANCETEST3PUNCTURERESISTANCETEST10BENDINGSTIFFNESSTEST4TEARINGRESISTANCETEST11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSH5THICKNESSTEST12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTEST6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTEST13FLATCRUSHSTRENGTHTEST7FOLDINGENDURANCETEST14GRAMMAGE2TESTINGFORPACKAGEMATERIAL66LABEQUIPMENT1RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEFREQUENCYRANGE1300HZMAXACTUATOR5000KGMAXPAYLOADS1500KGMAXIMUMSTROKE100MMPEAKTOPEAKSTANDARDTABLESIZE1520X1520MMTHEMAXSIZECANBE2400X2400MMCOUNTRYOFORIGINUSA（LAB）CHARACTERISTIC1HEAVIERPAYLOADS2LARGERDISPLACEMENTORVELOCITY3BROADERFREQUENCYRANGE4HYDRAULICDRIVESYSTEMRANDOMVIBRATIONTESTER67LABEQUIPMENT2VERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD300KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE11002000MMVIBRATIONSTYLEVERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTER68LABEQUIPMENT3CIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD150KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE12001600MMVIBRATIONSTYLECIRCULARMOTIONCIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTER69LABEQUIPMENT4TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBERPERFORMANCETEMPERATURERANGE70150HUMIDITYRANGE1098RHACCURACYOFTEMPERATURE05UNIFORMITYOFTEMPERATURE20UNIFORMITYOFHUMIDITY30RH75RH,50RH75RHHEATINGTIME7015080MINCOOLINGTIME207090MINDISPLAYLCDTOUCHSCREENDISPLAYINTERNALSIZE100010001000MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBER70LABEQUIPMENT5COMPRESSIONTESTERPERFORMANCECAPACITY03000KGFSENSITIVEOFTRANSDUCER1/1000TABLESIZE1500X1500MMVELOCITY127MM/MIN,5100MM/MINUNIVERSALTESTMACHINE71LABEQUIPMENT6DROPTESTER1PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS300KGDROPHEIGHT01500MMDROPOPERATIONHANDHELDPENDANTSWITCHDROPTESTER172LABEQUIPMENT7DROPTESTER2PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS150KGDROPHEIGHT3001500MMDROPOPERATIONMANUALLEAFRESETDROPTESTER273LABEQUIPMENT8INCLINEIMPACTTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXDOLLYTRAVEL4000MMIMPACTFACE1000X2000MMMAXIMPACTVELOCITY325M/SDOLLYSURFACEAREA1020X1220MMMAXPAYLOADS400KGGRADIENT10OINCLINEIMPACTTESTER74LABCAPACITY1TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSEPERFORMANCETEMPERATURE231HUMIDITY502RHINTERNALSIZE600060002600MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSE75LABCAPACITY2BURSTINGTESTBURSTINGSTRENGTHASPECIMENOFBOARDISCLAMPEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSWITHCIRCULAROPENINGSINTHEIRCENTERSANEXPANSIBLEDIAPHRAGMISDISTENDEDTHROUGHTHELOWERPLATENBYMEANSOFHYDRAULICPRESSUREUNTILTHESPECIMENBURSTSTHEMAXIMUMHYDRAULICPRESSUREWHENTHESPECIMENRUPTURESISRECORDEDAVAILABLEFORBURSTINGSTRENGTHOFPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDBOARD,COMPOUNDLEATHER,CLOTHANDSOONSTANDARDTAPPIT810,ISO2759,GB/T6545MULLENBURSTINGTESTER76LABCAPACITY3PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTPUNCTURERESISTANCETHEPUNCTURERESISTANCEOFCOMBINEDBOARDINDICATESTHEABILITYOFTHEFINISHEDCONTAINERTOWITHSTANDEXTERNALANDINTERNALPOINTPRESSUREFORCESANDTOPROTECTTHEPRODUCTDURINGROUGHHANDLINGAVAILABLEFORITISUSEDONHEAVYDOUBLEWALLANDTRIPLEWALLASANALTERNATIVETOBURSTSTANDARDTAPPIT803,ISO3036,GB/T26797PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTER77LABCAPACITY4TEARINGRESISTANCETESTTEARINGRESISTANCEMORETHANONESHEETOFTHESAMPLEMATERIALARETORNTOGETHERTHROUGHAFIXEDDISTANCEBYMEANSOFTHEPENDULUMOFANELMENDORFTYPETEARINGTESTERTHEWORKDONEINTEARINGISMEASUREDBYTHELOSSINPOTENTIALENERGYOFTHEPENDULUMAVAILABLEFORITUSEDONPAPERANDPAPERBOARDHAVINGLOWGRAMMAGESTANDARDTAPPIT414,ISO1974,GB/T455TEARINGRESISTANCETESTER78LABCAPACITY5THICKNESSTESTTHICKNESSTHETESTERISAPPLYINGTOTESTTHETHICKNESSOFFLATSHEETSPECIMENSAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDTAPPIT411,ISO534,GB/T4513THICKNESSTESTER79LABCAPACITY6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTWATERABSORPTIVENESSATESTPIECEISWEIGHEDIMMEDIATELYBEFOREANDIMMEDIATELYAFTEREXPOSUREFORASPECIFIEDTIMEOFONESURFACETOWATER,FOLLOWEDBYBLOTTINGAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDISO535WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTER80LABCAPACITY7FOLDINGENDURANCETESTMITFOLDINGENDURANCETHELOGARITHMTOTHEBASE10OFTHENUMBEROFDOUBLEFOLDSREQUIREDTOBREAKTHEPAPERWHENASTRIPOFPAPER15MM059INWIDEISTESTEDUNDERASTANDARDTENSIONAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDGB/T26795,TAPPIT511,ASTMD2176,ISO5626FOLDINGENDURANCETESTER81LABCAPACITY8BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTFOLDINGENDURANCETHETIMEAIRLEAKFROMTHEGAPBETWEENTESTEDMATERIALANDPLATENUNDERASPECIFIEDPRESSUREANDAREAAVAILABLEFORITISAPPLIEDTOMEASURESMOOTHNESSOFPAPERANDCARDBOARD,BUTNOTPROPERTOMEASURETHESHEETABOVE05MMORWITHFREERAIRPERMEABILITYSTANDARDISO5627TAPPIT479BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTER82LABCAPACITY9SUTHERLANDRUBTESTABRASIONRESISTANCETHISPRACTICECOVERSAPROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEABRASIONRESISTANCEOFPRINTEDMATERIALAVAILABLEFORLABELS,FOLDINGCARTONS,CORRUGATEDBOXES,INSERTS,CIRCULARS,ANDOTHERPACKAGINGMATERIALSHAVINGGRAPHICSONAFLATSUBSTRATESTANDARDISO5264SUTHERLANDRUBTESTER83LABCAPACITY10BENDINGSTIFFNESSBENDINGSTIFFNESSATESTSPECIMENOFDEFINEDDIMENSIONSISBENTTHROUGHASPECIFIEDANGLEUSINGASPECIFICTESTINGINSTRUMENTTHERESULTINGBENDINGMOMENTISREADFROMTHEINSTRUMENTSCALEAVAILABLEFORBENDINGSTIFFNESSOFPAPERANDPAPERBOARDBETWEEN0TO500MNMSTANDARDISO2493,TAPPIT489BENDINGTESTER84LABCAPACITY11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHCOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHACOMPRESSIONFORCEISEXERTEDONASPECIMENHELDINRINGFORMINASPECIALSAMPLEHOLDERANDPLACEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSOFACOMPRESSIONMACHINE,BYCAUSINGTHEDRIVENPLATENTOAPPROACHTHERIGIDPLATENATAUNIFORMSPEEDUNTILTHESPECIMENCOLLAPSESSIGNIFICANCETHEEDGEWISECOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFCORRUGATEDBOARDISTHEPRINCIPALELEMENTINDETERMININGTHEDYNAMICCOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFTHECONTAINERMADEFROMTHATBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT409RINGCRUSHFITTINGS85LABCAPACITY12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHPLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTHEFORCESEPARATETHEFACINGSFROMTHEFLUTETIPSOFCORRUGATEDBOARDAVAILABLEFORTHETESTISAVAILABLEFORFLUTEOF“A”,”B”,“C”STANDARDGB/T6548PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHFITTINGS86LABCAPACITY13FLATCRUSHRESISTANCETESTFLATCRUSHRESISTANCETHEFLUTESRESISTANCETOCRUSHINGISEVALUATEDAVAILABLEFORCORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT808,ISO3035FLATCRUSHRESISTANCESAMPLECUTTERCOMPRESSIVETESTER87ISTA3A3EISTA3AAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3AISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORINDIVIDUALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSSHIPPEDTHROUGHAPARCELDELIVERYSYSTEMTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTN3SHOCKTEST88ISTA3A3EISTA3EAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3EISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORUNITIZEDLOADSOFTHESAMERETAILORINSTITUTIONALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2SHOCKTESTN3COMPRESSIONTESTN4RANDOMVIBRATIONTEST89THISOPTIONALCONDITIONINGTESTISSIMULATINGTHECONDITIONWHEREPACKAGEDPRODUCTSUFFERSFROMPRACTICEINTRANSPORTTHETEMPERATUREANDHUMIDITYMAYPRODUCEINFLUENCETOPACKAGEANDPRODUCTTHECAPACITYOFTHECHAMBERNTEMPERATURE70150NHUMIDITY1098RHNINTERNALDIMENSION10001