产品安规设计之要求与测试

1、Building Networks for PeoplePrepare by : 品質工程部 / Gemmy LiuBuilding Networks for PeopleGeneral PrinciplesIEC 60950 標準主要是在防止人體受到下述危險之傷害 : Hazards - Electric Shock ( 電擊 ) Energy hazards ( 能量 ) Fire ( 火災 ) Mechanical and heat hazards( 機械與熱 ) Radiation hazards ( 輻射 ) Chemical hazards ( 化學 )Building Netwo

2、rks for PeopleSwitch Power SupplyAC Power InletAC Power SwitchFuse ( for both of AC and TNV circuit )DC FanPCBPlasticSafety PartsBuilding Networks for PeopleSafety PartsAll components between TNV andSELV circuitVarisitor in TNV circuitCapacitor between TNV and SELV circuitFuse in TNV circuitMylar Sh

3、eet ( Insulation sheet ) Internal Wire ( Wirehaness )Safety LabelBuilding Networks for PeoplePower Cord Power AdaptorLaser Transceiver Conducive Coating Transformer (TNV) 以上所有之安規零件均需通過安規單位之認證. 須通過哪些安規單位之認證 ? 只要產品本身有通過哪些安規單位之驗證, 則其使用之安規零件亦須通過哪些安規單位之驗證. Safety PartsBuilding Networks for People標示標示電源標示

4、 :額定電壓或額定電壓範圍 100 V ; 50 Hz ;1 A 100/230 V ; 60/50 Hz ; 1A/0.5A 100-240 V ; 50-60Hz ; 1A輸入電壓為直流, 則須加上“ ”的符號額定頻率或額定頻率範圍, 單位為 HzBuilding Networks for People如設備須連接至多相電力系統, 則須另外標示相數, 如 2, 3等額定電流值, 單位為 mA or A製造商名稱或 TrademarkModel name.標示標示Building Networks for People如設備為 Class II , 則須加入 “ “的符號 P.S. 可以有額

5、外的標示, 但先決條件是不可造成誤導或混淆標示標示Building Networks for People標示標示保險絲 :額定電流額定電壓熔斷特性 ( fast, slow, time lag )防爆特性 ( low-breaking, high-breaking )T2.5AL, 250VF3.15AH, 250VBuilding Networks for People標示標示端子 :a. 接地保護端子旁, 應有 “ ” 的標示.b. 水線端子旁, 應有 “ N “ 的標示.Building Networks for People鋰電池 :設備內若有可更換的鋰電池, 則鋰電池旁須有下述或類

6、似的警告標示.Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replace.Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by manufacturer.Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturersinstruction.要求 : (1). 標示不可置於可取下之物品上 (2). 要求之標示, 須清晰可辨, 且為恆久的標示.標示標示Building Networks for People安規主要設計要求安規主要設計

7、要求1. 在維修可觸及區域內在維修可觸及區域內, 應避免維修者在維修應避免維修者在維修 時不小心觸及任何具危險電壓的裸露的零件時不小心觸及任何具危險電壓的裸露的零件, 除非此零件接至限電流電路除非此零件接至限電流電路, 否則此裸露零件否則此裸露零件 應予以覆蓋或加保護殼應予以覆蓋或加保護殼, 以防止維修者不小心以防止維修者不小心 碰觸碰觸.Building Networks for People安規主要設計要求安規主要設計要求2. 位於設備之外與外電源間之斷路點位於設備之外與外電源間之斷路點, 應避免操作者觸碰到而遭致設備內應避免操作者觸碰到而遭致設備內 主電路的電容器放電而產生電擊危險主電路

8、的電容器放電而產生電擊危險. 故要求放電時間常數不可超過故要求放電時間常數不可超過 1 秒秒 ( 若電容量小於若電容量小於 0.1uF 則無此項要求則無此項要求) P.S. 此測試稱為此測試稱為 “ Capacitance Discharge Test “Building Networks for People安規主要設計要求安規主要設計要求3. 吸水性材質吸水性材質, 天然橡膠天然橡膠, 具石綿物質具石綿物質, 不可作不可作 為絕緣物使用為絕緣物使用. 絕緣物是否據吸水性絕緣物是否據吸水性, 可由可由 Humidity Test 及及 Electric Strength Test 決定決定.

9、 Temp. : 20 30 Humidity : 95% 3% Period : 48 Hours 然後做然後做 Hi-Pot TestBuilding Networks for People安規主要設計要求安規主要設計要求4. 距離要求距離要求(絕緣絕緣)SecondaryPrimaryDBOTNVB(S)DB(S)D : Double( Reinforced)S : SupplementaryB : BasicO : Operational(Functional)Building Networks for People安規主要設計要求安規主要設計要求5. 防火等級防火等級 : 94-5V

10、, 94V-0, 94V-1, 94V-2, HF-1, HF-2, HB, HBF Internal Plastic Part Material - flammability rating minimum 94V-2 Enclosure -flammability rating minimum 94V-0Building Networks for PeopleBuilding Networks for People依 Input Power Rating +6%, -10% 來作為測試的範圍. 100-240V, 50-60Hz, 1A = 測試點為 90V/ 50Hz 及 60Hz 254

11、V/ 50Hz 及 60Hz If the rated voltage is 230V single phase or 400V three phase the tolerance shall not be less than +10% and -10% 判定 : not exceed the rated current by more than 10% under normal load.1. Input Test安規主要測試要求安規主要測試要求Building Networks for People1. Input TestBuilding Networks for People適用情形

12、: 有開孔之外殼 A. 上蓋之開孔上蓋之開孔 i) not exceed 5mm in any dimension. ii)not exceed 1mm in width regardless of length iii) be so constructed that direct, vertical entry of a falling object is prevented from reaching such bare parts by means of trap or restriction.(如下圖例) ( (圖例圖例) )EX: 左圖之綠色虛線部分不可超過mm2. Accessib

13、ility Test :Building Networks for PeopleB. 側邊之開孔側邊之開孔 a. not exceed 5mm in any dimension. b. not exceed 1mm in width regardless of length. c. 開孔位置適當, 並在其 5 角範圍內, 無具危險電 壓零件存在. 投影 5角範圍的定義 (如下頁附圖)2. Accessibility Test :Building Networks for People以類似百葉窗的開孔方式以類似百葉窗的開孔方式, 使其使其5 角的投影範圍內無危險電壓零件角的投影範圍內無危險電壓

14、零件2. Accessibility Test :Building Networks for PeopleC. 底部之開孔底部之開孔因目前廠內許多產品皆是共用case, 在 safety standard 中, 針對不同種類產品的要求不一, 為避免產品A和B共用case, 卻產生A 可過safety, 但B 無法通過 safety 的狀況發生, 所以底部一律要求底部一律要求不能有任何的開孔不能有任何的開孔.另一種需注意可懸掛式的產品另一種需注意可懸掛式的產品, 必須考慮其懸掛必須考慮其懸掛時時, 當原本的側邊有可能會變成了底部時當原本的側邊有可能會變成了底部時, 則側邊則側邊一樣不能有開孔一樣

15、不能有開孔.2. Accessibility Test :Building Networks for People外殼開孔, 固然千變萬化, 但是以 test ping 測試時不可碰觸到具危險電壓的裸露零件為原則.2. Accessibility Test :Building Networks for PeopleTest FingerTest PinBuilding Networks for People2. Accessibility Test :Building Networks for People2. Accessibility Test :FailedPassedBuilding

16、Networks for People 3. Energy Hazard Measurement適用情形 : 外部所有的 connectors, 其裸露之帶電體部分 ( 接地者除外 ) 及因任何開孔可觸及之零件判定 : 240VA Building Networks for People4. Humidity Test Requirement : 20 30 , 95% , 48hours 將產品置於上述之環境條件時間後進行 Hi-Pot Test ( 依表設定測試值 ) Pri to Sec : 3KVac, 60sec Pri to Gnd : 1.5KVac , 60secBuildin

17、g Networks for People5. Grounding Continuity Test Requirement : 25A or 30A (CSA require only) 60sec Judgement : 0.1 ohm6.Leakage Current Test Requirement : Class I 3.5mA (有PE保護) Class II and TNV circuit T = 95K-10K-(50-25)K = 60K Capacitor - max. absolute temp. 85 - T = (85-50)K = 35K Touchable surf

18、aces - metal T = 45K-(50-25)K = 20KBuilding Networks for People10. Heating TestBuilding Networks for People11. Abnormal Test以溫升之測試方式, 將產品 1) 開孔全部封閉 2) DC Fan locked (single fault) 測試至其溫度穩定為止. 然後再進行 Hi-Pot Test , 不可有 Breakdown之情形Building Networks for People12. Electric Strength Test Primary to Ground

19、 : 1500VacPrimary to Secondary : 3000VacFor TNV ProductTNV-SELV : 1500VacTNV-CASE : 1500VacP.S. 可用直流電測試 . ( VAC 測試值 *1.414=VCD測試值)Building Networks for PeopleHi-Pot Test ( Primary to Ground)Building Networks for PeopleHi-Pot Test ( Primary to Secondary)Building Networks for People凡是產品會產生震鈴訊號凡是產品會產生震

20、鈴訊號(電壓電壓)、或可直接連接至電信局端、或可直接連接至電信局端、或直接連上或直接連上WAN、或直接透過電話線路傳送資料、或直接透過電話線路傳送資料or連結連結,皆屬皆屬於於 Telecom產品產品, 在安規定義中統稱為在安規定義中統稱為 TNV product ; 而而產品產品內部會直接接受內部會直接接受 or 傳送傳送Telecom 所需電壓的部分即稱為所需電壓的部分即稱為 TNV circuit (TNV circuit 分為三種類型分為三種類型) ; 凡是凡是 TNV circuit 上的零上的零件、零件位置、件、零件位置、layout、線路一旦經過承認後皆不可任意變更、線路一旦經過

21、承認後皆不可任意變更. Telecom 產品之相關規定Building Networks for PeoplelTNV (Telecommunication Network Voltage) Circuit -A circuit in the equipment to which the accessible area of contact islimited and that is so designed and protected that, under normal operating and single fault conditions, the voltage do not exc

22、eed specified limiting values.lSELV (Safe Extra Low Voltage) Circuit - A SECONDARY CIRCUIT which is so designed and protected thatunder normal and single fault conditions, its voltages do not exceed asafe value (42.4Vpeak or 60Vdc).Telecom 產品之相關規定相關名詞說明相關名詞說明Building Networks for PeopleTelecom 產品之相關

23、規定TNV Circuit 分為三種類型分為三種類型lTNV-1 Circuits- whose normal operating voltages do not exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under normal operating conditions, - on which overvoltages from Telecommunication Networks are possible (AWG 26 can cover this test)總括來說TNV-1為直接連接至outdoor的線路, 但其接受的電壓低於 SELV (42.4V

24、peak or 60Vdc), 此類型產品必須做 overvoltagetest, 但若有附26號線, 即可免做此項測試; EX: 純ISDN產品, DI-300Building Networks for PeoplelTNV-2 CircuitsTelecom 產品之相關規定- whose normal operating voltages exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under normal operating conditions- for telephone ringing signals, voltages such that the

25、signal complies with the criteria of either clause M.2(for Europe) or clause M.3(for US). 一般而言, TNV-2 的線路是針對連接至 indoor telecom 線路, 且會產生震鈴訊號高於 SELV (42.4Vpeak or 60Vdc), 此類型產品必須做Annex M.2 和 M.3的測試 ; EX: DG-104S.Building Networks for PeoplelTNV-3 CircuitsTelecom 產品之相關規定- whose normal operating voltage

26、s exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under normal operating conditions- on which overvoltages from Telecommunication Networks are possible (AWG 26 can cover this test)TNV-3 的線路是針對產品有直接連接至 outdoor telecom 線路, 且其接受的電壓高於 SELV (42.4Vpeak or 60Vdc),此類型產品必須做overvoltage test, 但若有附26號線, 即可免做此項測試; EX: DSL

27、-300, DSL-500, DSL-200.Building Networks for PeopleTelecom 產品之相關規定lSeparation from TNV circuit當產品內部有部分被定義為TNV circuit 時, 則TNV circuit 與其他線路之間必須符合相關之安全絕緣要求 (如下附表, 但不包含北歐四小國之要求). 6.4.1 : Hi-Pot testBuilding Networks for PeopleTelecom 產品之相關規定lSeparation from TNV circuit- Minimum Clearance distance for

28、current product (空間距離空間距離)Nordic : 2.0mmOther Country : 1.1mm (Basic Insulation)Nordic : 2.5mmOther Country : 1.6mm (Basic Insulation)- Minimum Creepage distance for current product (沿面距離沿面距離)Building Networks for PeopleTelecom 產品之相關規定lSeparation from TNV circuit位於TNV circuit 上之Layout、Circuit 、Compo

29、nent 、Component trace 相互之間的距離皆必須符合相關之要求.EX : DG-102S 同時有 TNV-2、 TNV-3 和 SELV circuit, 則查表得知: SELV to TNV-2 : Basic SELV to TNV-3 : Basic+6.4.1 TNV-2 to TNV-3 : 6.4.1Building Networks for PeopleTelecom 產品之相關規定lTNV ComponentTNV circuit 上所有零件之廠牌、型號皆會被control- Fuse : 需要有 UL approve- Transformer : 若其結構符合, 不一定要有安規認證,但需 提供未含浸(Varnish)之sample 、內部結構圖和材質清單.- Varisitor :必須要有UL approve- Capacitor in TNV or between TNV and SELV circuit : 當電容跨接於在TNV-SELV or TNV-GND時, 此電容必 須提出符合至少 type Y2 之相關安規證明文件, type Y1 for North Europe. Building