安徽精英专升本讲稿

1、Grammar and WordsWithout grammar, little can be conveyed Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.Typical Examples for Grammar1. The stranger robbed his wife.2. He was then bright in the eye.3. Do you have a family?4. Susan is really a cat, so she is the last person I want to see in this city.5.

2、Her mother died of difficult labor.6. He is anything but a scholar.7. You could not have made things worse.8. You cannot be too cautious.9. It never rains but it pours.10. James is not so much a writer as a reporter. Vocabularypaparazziencyclopaediasuperstitiousvivisectionistcountermeasure contamina

3、te telecommunication pajamaextracurricular money laundrying一构词法dis disappear,disagree,dislike,dishonest,discontinue,disconnect, distractmis mistake,mislead,misguide,misbelief,misunderstandforeforehead,foreground,forefather,forecast, foretellpseudo pseudoheart, pseudoscience, pseudonamepre preview,pr

4、edict, preface,preheat,prewar,prehistoryre review,retell,rewrite,rearrange,reorganize, re-emphasize, recreateil/ir illegal,illogical, irregular,immoral,immortalex ex-husband, ex-president, exwifemal malfunction, malnutrition, maltreat-ist tourist, artist, communist, dentistful/lesscareful,careless,u

5、seful,useless,helpful, helpless-ish selfish, foolish, bookish, childish/childlikepost postwar, postgraduate by byproduct,bywork, bypassover overeat,overdress,oversleep,overemphasize-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly二 造词法1.make maker laptop-maker,car-maker,shoe-maker,watch-maker,TV-maker,law-ma

6、ker,trouble-maker2.-mate deskmate,classmate,roommate,schoolmate,teammate, inmate三 词尾象形归类法1. light, right, night, flight, tight, might, sight2. dip, kip, lip, tip, zip,lipstick, the tip of theiceberg3.altitude,latitude, attitude,aptitude,fortitude四拟声法carnationcuckoogigglesofapuddingcoffeegolf murmur

7、crash crackmeowbow-woobabble/gurgle五形象分析法trysttrysting placeeyebird六缩略词motel motor and hoteltelecast televisionand broadcastsmog smoke and fogbrunch breakfastand lunch七头脑风暴法First give a certain topic, and then name allthe related words by all people involved such as“ what do you think arequalities o

8、f being a goodlanguageteacher?Can youfindoutasmanyadjectivesas possiblewhichcandescribethequalities of a good teacher?”八联想法比如 family第 九同 义 法beautiful,pretty,handsome,good-looking?ugly, plain-looking?doctor, physician, surgeon, dentist十 反义法optimistic?pessimisticmaximum?minimumactive?passivepositive?n

9、egative十一 加长法classicclassicaleconomiceconomicalhistorichistoricalcomiccomicalpoliticpoliticalelectricelectrical十二 动词词组break up, down, through, out turn on, off, up, down, out, over十三 收集习语法1. paint the town redeg.He is going out tonight to paint the town red.2. take up with sbeg.Assheissucha prettywo

10、man,manymenwould like to take upwith her.eg.After he met her at the bar last night, he took up with her.3. write sb/sth offeg.Afterahotargument,shewroteoffherboyfriend.4. Kee p one s nose cleaneg.Thenewly-releasedinmatesaretryingtokeep their noses clean.5. make waveseg.Teenagerstendtomakewaveswithth

11、eirparents and teachers.Many super-starslike to make waves in orderto bekept in the media.6. Play cat and mouseeg. The police played cat and mouse with the criminals.1. 什么是语法？把词放在一定位置的艺术。词法+句法 = 语法2. 语法何用？第一：选词组句，正确地表达思想。比如： 我很喜欢英语。I am very like English. I like English very much.（ Love, enjoy, befo

12、nd of, favor, bekeen on, carefor ）我认为这本书不值得一读。I think the book is not worth read.I think the book is not worth reading.I don t think the book is worth reading.石凳上坐着一美女。A beauty was sitting on a stone bench, whoturnedout to be a lady boy,restingherforefingerin her nostril.第二：能准确地理解英文句子。Nations are no

13、t to be judged by their size any more than individuals.Youth/childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. 参考译文 如

14、果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。第三：能够写出经典句子。Yesterday she had a blue heart and coat.He got up early and caught the train and a cold.She opened the door and her heart to him.Kill him and his luggage.第四：能够写出超长句，给读者以震慑力。It was on a Sunday evening, when he waslying in the

15、orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gateswing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.参考翻译：一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。3. 词类有多少？首先，单词是分门别类的，每个词都属于

16、某一个词类，甚至是一个词有多个词类。Work, major, access, effect如何确定词性呢？1 从词的本身含义看。e.g. Figure n.I saw a figure in the darkness.She has an attractive figure.Vt.How do you figure that?2.从词形看。AdvertiseAdvertiserAdvertisingAdvertisementCapableCapabilityDisposeDisposalDisposable3.从句法功能看。1 water to drinkTo water red carnat

17、ionsA paperTo paper a bedroom2 If clothes are dirtied, they need to be cleaned and dried.4. 简单句的 5 大基本句型和 9 大句子成分？5并列句，复杂句6 简单句的扩展。系动词分类1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词 。 例如：He is a milkman.2 ）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep,rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如：He always keeps silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This

18、matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3 ）表像系动词用来表示 看起来像 这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。4 ）感官系动词感官系动词主要有 : 看起来 look听起来 sound闻起来 smell尝起来 taste摸起来 feel用法如下 :(1)+形容词（不用副词）(2)like+ 名词eg.1.Billsaidthatthemixturetasted_.(terrible, terribly).2.Thedoctorsaidthat thebabydidn lookt_. (he

19、althy, healthily).3.Thegasfromthebottlesmelledvery_.(strange, strangely).4.This kind of cloth feels quite_.(soft,softly).5.Your idea sounds _. (nice, nicely).5 ）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short

20、time.她没多长时间就富了。6 ）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out,表达 证实 ， 变成 之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（ turn out表终止性结果）感叹句练兵：1._noisy they are making!A. WhatB. HowC. How a2._old bike Li Lei is riding!A. What aB. What anC. How3 ._supper we re having today!A. What

21、 a deliciousB. How deliciousC.What delicious4. _ fine weather it is today!A. HowB. What aC. What5. _ useful information it is!A. What anB. HowC. What6._ beautiful music we are listening to!A. HowB. What aC. What7. _ exciting a football match it is!A. WhatB. HowC. What an简单句基本句型Behavioristssuggesttha

22、tthe childwho is raisedinan environmentwherethereare many stimuliwhichdevelophis or her capacity for proper responses will experience greater intellectual development.第一种SV主谓结构 .Things change. .Prices are going up. .His dream came true.2.SVC主系表 .He is in good health. .These flowers smell fragrant. .

23、The milk has turned sour.3. SVO主谓宾 .I want a return ticket. .Nobody could answer the question. .The train is building up speed.4. SvoO .I taughtyou English grammar. .He gaveme a walkman. .David showedme the way.5. SVOC .We elected him our spokesman. .They painted the walls creamy white. .The directo

24、rs appointed him sales manager.6.定语（ Attributive ） 用来限定或修饰名词或代词。通常由形容词或与之相当的结构担任。它可以是一个词或是几个词或者一个词组，或者是个句子。位置比较灵活，可在名词前后。(1)That yellowBMW is Mr.Wu s.(2) A very valuable bronze Egyptian cat.(3) The manwho gave us a good lessonyesterdaywas a model worker.(4) After all, he is afive-year-oldboy.(5) Com

25、mercewith other countriescan bring uslots of benefits(6) Please give me a knifeto cut with.7 状语 (Adverbial)用来修饰动词 ,形容词 ,副词或整个句子 .它常由副词或与之相当的结构担任。(1)Rose speaks Englishquite fluently .(2)He went to Franceto meet his fiancee .(3) If I have some spare time, I will take upKorean.(4)When I grow up, I am

26、going to be a bullfighter.8.同位语它位于名词或名词性短语之后，说明其内容。常由名词、名词性短语或从句担任。如：(1)The old lady always murmurs that is ， speaksin a very low voice(2)The next night ，the blackesthe had ever known ，the sea became so rough that the boat almostturned over 句子的种类按照用途分为四类：1. 陈述句（肯定或否定）如：(1) We love our motherland.(2)

27、 As they say, when the age is in, the wit is out.2. 疑问句用来提出问题，它又可分为四类 :一般疑问句(1) Do they like playing PC games?- Yes, they do.(2) Have you a wrist watch?-No, I haven t.特殊疑问句(1)Who is singing in the dormitory?(2)What are you doing now?(3) Why do they like playing golf?(4) When did you get the very job

28、?选择疑问句(1) Shall we go by bus or by train?(2) Do you love chess or snooker?反义疑问句(3)Peter smokes a lot, doesn t he?(4)Linda isn t a college student, is she?3.祈使句(1)Copy the exercise in your notebook.(2)Don be tafraidof making grammaticalmistakes.(3) Let s take the thief to the police! 4. 感叹句(1) What a

29、 place it is!(2) What nonsense!(3) How foolish they are!(4) How hard he studies!(5) How beautiful your T- shirt is!2.并列句（ Compound Sentence）它包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为 “SP+ 连词 +SP”。连接两个概念常见的 and, so, therefore, notonlybut also不 neither等nor。如：(1)I think, therefore I am.(2)She not onlywrites her own p

30、lays, she also actsin them.常见的有 or, otherwise, or else, 表示两者选其一eitheror.如：(1) Either he is to blame or I am.(2) You must go to work or/ or else/ otherwise youwill get the bird. 表示矛盾或对照常见的有 but, yet, still,however, while, whereas等。(1) I am ugly, but I am very gentle.(2) I drink black coffee while he

31、prefers it withcream.3.复合句（ Complex Sentence）它由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。如：(1) I was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(2) The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.并列复合句指的是并列句中含有一个或多个从句。如：(1)AltogetherBeethoven wrote ninesymphonies,but most of them were writtenafterhehad los

32、this hearing.2.I asked a man who has a wifeand threechildrenwho did the cooking in his houseand he repliedthat whoever came home from work first did it.简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语 （如状语）连用进行扩展。如下：1. I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.2. The dog jumped through the window.

33、3. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.4. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday .5. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put threebottles of milk quietly on my doorstepbeforeseven o clock.6. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.The end专升本真题1. They succeeded at las

34、t after adopting an _method.A. effect B. affect C. effective D. efficient 2. The population of China is bigger than _ .A. IndiaB. IndiasC. the one of IndiaD. that of Indiae.g. The ears of a rabbit are longer than_ of afox.3. David makes about $2,000 a month as an engineer in a company.Besides, he ha

35、s another _ of income by writingtechnical books in his spare time.A. resourceB. sourceC. courseD. result4.Television can be a _ for Spreadinginformation.A. middleB. mediumC. mediaD. mere5. The fabric in not real silk, only an imitation. Here “imitation ”means _.A. 假装B. 效法C. 模拟D. 模仿品6. He was disappo

36、inted so often that he became_.A. hopelessnessB. hopelesslyC. hopefulD. hopeless7. When I saw her facial _, I knew she wasangry.A. appearanceB. expressionC. lookingD. feeling8. She earns a high _ as a doctor.A. salaryB. wagesC. moneyD. payment9. According to the doctor, the old lady was in a helples

37、s _.A. placeB. locationC. SpaceD. situation10. At the age of eighteen, he decided to take politics as his_ .A. arrangeB. taskC. workD. career11. The wounded tiger ran into bushes, Leaving a_ of blood.A. tailB. trainC. tradeD. trail12. Is there any _ theyll ever find a cure for thecommon cold?A. pros

38、pectiveB. prospectC. prosperityD. prosperous名词掌握：1. 特殊名词怎样变复数。2. 容易误用的单复数名词。3. 名词修饰名词。4. 名词的格。一、特殊名词怎样变复数1. 复合名词变复数1由 c.n + pr ep/pr ep 短语 构成 。变 为 ns。p as ser-b ypas s er s-b yloo ker-onlo okers -o ned ito r-i n -ch ief editor s- in -c hi effath er-in -lawfather s -in -law2 如果复合名词中没有 n 中心词，那么再词尾 + s

39、 就可以了。 如：stand -b ys tan d -by sbr eak -d ow nbr eak -dow nssit-i nsit-i nsgr ow n -u pgr ow n -u ps3 如果是 由 m an/w o m an + n 构成的复合名词，那么前后都要变成复数 。 如： Cus to m er sm anteach erm enteach ersm an ser vantm enserv ant sw om an c us to merw o m enw om an d octorw om en d octor s2. 单复同形的名词常见的有：s h eep ，de

40、er , fis h , m eans , s p ecies , j in , li, m u , yu an , jiao, fen etc .one s heepfive s heepon e deerten deer3 jin4m u100 y u an1 do llar20 d o llar s3. 外来词的复数变法1 变 si s为 s esb asisb as esc r is isc risest hes isthesesan alys isan alys esdi agn os i sd iagn o ses2 变 um /o n 为 ad atumdatam ediumm

41、ed iac urr iculumcu rr ic u lac riterioncr iter iapheno m enon p h en o m en a二、容易误用的单复数名词1. 容易误用为复数的不可数名词。 in for m atio n , advic e, fur n itu re, equipm ent, m ac h iner y, s cen er y, jew elr y, spir it, lu g g ag e, l ig ht ,b agg age, br ead, p aper, air, fun , p overty, p ro g ress , vir tu e

42、, luc k , traffi c, fo li age .2. 以复数形式 s 结尾，实为单数的名词 。ec onom ics ， politi cs , p hys ic s , m ec han ic s, electro nic s, statis tics , o ptic s , n ew s ,m eans,m easles, d iabetes ,ric k ets, The New Yor k Tim es3. 有些不可数名词也可作单数或者复数用。意 思也相应的改变。paper 纸张 paper s 文件、论文co ffee 咖啡 c offees几杯咖啡lig ht 光线

43、 ligh ts灯green 绿色 gr een s青菜sp ir it 精神 s p ir its烈酒、情绪for c e 力量 forc es军队c u stom风俗 c u st om s海关4. 不可数名词如果要表示数量怎么办？答：一般用 “数 字 +计量单位 +of +名词 ”表示。 如：a p iec e of n ew s /m eat/p aper/ad v ic elu gg age/ infor m atio na s u m o f m o n eya s et of equ ip m ent 10 s ets of equipm enta p air of g lass

44、 es/ sciss o rs /s ho es5 p airs of gl as s es / sc is s or s/ s ho es三 、名词修饰名词1. 一名词修饰另外一个名词时，一般用单数。如： fam ily plann in g ， hu m an rig hts，head nu rs e, b lo o d press ure, d r es s sh op, tom at o ju ic e, c redi t c ard , fir e eng ine, health c enter , i den tit y car d, m in eral w ater, pr es

45、 s c on fer en ce, pac kag e holiday, peace talks , s c ience fictio n, c olor filmem erg enc y ro om ,2. 也有特殊情况，用复数作定语。很少。spor t s meet ing， good s t r ain t alks t able， cust oms of f icer c ommodit ies f air ， clot hesb r ush， savings bank四、名词的所有格有生命的名词用 s 格1. 一般的名词后加 sw om en s c lo th esthe p r

46、o fes so rs sp eech2. 以s 或 es 结尾的复数名词，只需加 the m as s es ad vicethe tw o bo ysm o ther3. 复合名词在最后一个词的词尾加 s h is s o n -in -law s ph otothe c o m m an d er -in -chiefs repo r t4. 如果一样东西为两人共有，在后一名词后加 s, 如果分别所有，则两个名词后都需加 s 。Helen and Tom s m o th er 共有妈妈 M ar y an d J ane s bed roo m 共有房间M ar ys an d J a

47、ne s roo m分别都有各自的房间5. 在“店铺”或“某家人 ”的名词所有格中，通常省略其后的的名词，以s结尾即可 。th e b ar ber sth e tailo rsthed o ctor sth e g ro cersth e b akersthe bu tc her sthes tationersher aun tsMr . Gr een s6. 表示时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词其所有格也应加 s来构成 。S hen zhen s co m p an iesC hinasagr ic ultu rean h ou rs sp eechten m in utesd riv

48、e无生命的名词用 o f + n如：the fr ont gate of th e sch oolthe of fic es of th e firmthe co v er o f th e n o velthe co n tents of the tex tbo okth e w indow s o f the c lassr oo m The End什么是主谓一致？答：谓语动词在“人称 ”和“数 ”两方面和主语保持一致。即 复数主语决定了复数谓语，单数主语要求用单数谓语。用 be动词的适当形式填空? T he fruit like apples, oranges _ good for ou

49、r health.? T here _ a little sheep eating grass on the hill.? B etween the two buildings _ a big tree.三大指导原则第一：语法一致形式上：主单谓单主复谓复? Much money is wasted on the project.2. Moststudentsin EliteSchoolare intelligentanddiligent in my class.第二：意义一致1.The news is surprising.2.Five years is a long time to wait for an answer3.His family is a five-good