822汇总版小范围综合写作

1、汇总版说明：每期的汇总版在考完上一场的当天晚上发布，增发补充文件加试部分：现在阅读不考经典加试了，所以里面没有阅读经典加试文件，只有经典加试。最近经典加试的题目有少量变动，随机的阅读：太低，这个是靠看的多了有可能碰上一两道，如果时间只够看少量题的话建议就不要看了，作用不大口语写作：五星级题目必须看，口语比写作稍高一点。现在的写作很大程度上是靠题量取胜的。口语写作顺序：按整个文件的先后顺序，越靠前的越重要系数没办法再压缩题量去年上半年那样只有二三套口语小范围的情况很长一段时期内都不会出现了建议：小范围只看【上一场考完当天出的汇总版，增发的汇总版小范围补充】就行了。同一星级层次内所有题重要性相同，

2、不分先后。汇总版的题目比较多，因为现在出题规律下各个老师的小范围就题量特别大，少数不可能考到的题已经在整理汇总版的时候直接删除。剩下这些只能排重要822 汇总版小范围综合写作830-905 临时版考完一场更新一次，不出意外每次变动在 10%以内1.汇总版小范围集合了所有老师的小范围按重要性排序，不同老师的版本题目描述不同2.机经仅为一种力为先。，尽可能做到准确，但并不保证完全命中，请各位考生实3. 2014 下半年开始 ETS 出题规律有变，小范围题量增加，小范围分为三级重点，并不是单纯各个老师重复次数多就越重要，还要考虑是新增题目还是往期存留题目，所以有些只出现一次的题目却是五星级题。7 月

3、 12 日补充Richard III 是否杀了他的侄子来争夺王位的故事。1、阅读说他又和老婆的2、除了杀，因为想当 king，说还有很多其他方法当 king，比如说他哥哥，不被认可，侄子也无法合理继承还有很多其他作家也这麽觉得，但是说这是值得怀疑的，因为这些作之类说当时有很多小孩在伦敦塔，的敌人 tudors 有关，朵朵想家和3、伦敦塔里有小孩头骨在房间里，证明是他杀的，不能判断是谁的，也不能断定和7 月 4 日补充1独角鲸头上独角的作用。关于独角鲸 tusks of narwhals(拼写是 Narwhals 不是 Narwhile) functions (独角鲸头上独角的作用）阅读：提出三

4、种理论(1) 独角应该是用来 Pierce through thick iheet to breathe 的，因为独角鲸待的地方在冰层下 面不好呼吸，还说有 eyewitness see 曾经有独角鲸冰层。独角是 male narwhals 用来 Compete for territory此角与鲸的神经系统相连，可以起到个 sensor 的作用，感知 ocean properties 如temperature、盐浓度、气压 etc),而且是 important in narwhals survival：教授反驳。1 她说其实独角是软的，可以 Bend 的，而且还是从 many directio

5、ns，所以说独角根本就穿不head 放透厚厚的冰层，只能弄碎很薄的冰面。目击者看到的情况很有可能只是独角its在一个 iheeve already begun to break 的地方。她说其实所谓两条公独角鲸为领地而战只是远观而得的结论，如果是从 close 的地方看就 会发现，其实独角録在 gently rub each other，这是它们的一种交流方式她说 Female narwhals dont have tusks，那如果这玩意在 narwhal survival 里真的很important，为啥一般母的都 live longern maleThe topic is about t

6、he functionality of Narwhals tusks; Narwhals a kind of whale in ocean;however,tusk.s in both reading and listening content are different for the function of theof all, the lecturer indicatest the tusk cannot be to break iheetshe ocean becausethe tusks are bendable and nord enough to pierce through t

7、he thick ice. Even though somepeople witnessed the ice-breaking phenomenon Narwhals did as the reading explains; it is truepartly because the ihee much easier to break.Secondly, the reading insistsve already brokeo smaller ones or thinner ones, whiakes itt the tusk is as weapons for male Narwhals to

8、 compete forterritory for superior mating opportunities. Likewise this standpois refuted by the speaker whotuskst observation from a distance makes people confused about what they actually wereng.They were communicating, not fighting each other. Male Narwhals rub together as a way ofcommuionLastly,

9、if the tusk,sessed mostly by male, is really essential in the survival game for suchcreaturehe ocean, the life span of male should be longernt of the femalet rarelyhave tusks. However the facthat female Narwhals have longer life spann male Narwhals.The reading says tusks can be used to sense the cha

10、nges of their living environment and are vitalto all the Narwhals. So this does not make sense. As above mentioned, the reading and thelistening contents are oping.2使用分散剂（dispersant)对消除 oil spills 海洋造成的破坏作用到底有没有效果阅读：(1)(2)(3)不能彻底解决问题，因为只是石油颗粒变小，burning 才能彻底消除分解后的物质对海里的生物：产生物质。（1）只在特定环境下才有效，当海洋风浪较大或流

11、速过快时不能解决问题。分散剂把石油粒变小己经很不错了，因为这样就可以进一步借助海洋里的细菌分解作用消除石油颗粒。（2）阅读的那种情况只出现在会对生物有害(3) 相比 dispersant 来说 oil 更的实验中，那里的浓度相当高，自然界中的很低，不， overall reduce the toxic levelThe topic debated is about whether or not oil dispersants are great agent as a method to be utilizedfor oil spills; the speaker and the author

12、hold a differenton it.Thepois regarding the factt oil dispersants cannot really solve the problem once ando smaller droplets ad the oil is still there. Either burning orfor all because they just turn the oilskimming the oil is a better solution. However, the speaker sayst those two methods ofremovin

13、g the oil cannot be carried out when the waves are high or the wind is strong. Thus, themethods are not efficient and feasible.Secondly, according to the lecturer, the oil duplets with detrimental chemicals are only at highconcentrationhe labs, nothe real sea condition. So in real scenario, the conc

14、entration is lowand does almost no harm to sea creatures the ecosystem. However, ，the reading indicatestthe smaller droplets can be consumed by creatures livinghe ecosystem and are deadly to them.Lastly, the reading pos outt oil dispersants are poisonous themselves, However, the speakerclaimst every

15、thing is a trade-off To put it differently, oil chemicals from the oil spill are waymore toxic. With limited ways, oil-dispersant method is still the best for the time being. Insummary, the speaker thinkst there are no methodst can perfectly without any flaw ordefect. Oil dispersant are still ideal

16、for the solution of oil spill at this time. Thus, the stanboth materials are contradictory.on3让加州一个 Salton Sea 的盐化程度降低的几种方法。Reading:(1)(2)(3)使用海水淡化设备引，引进盐度低的海水用墙围住，不让全部的地方盐度都那么高Listening:123淡化后有些物质可危害人类起等不经济，太远了造价昂贵湖的所在位置是频繁地方，造墙是不明智五星级将 solar technology 当作 fossil fuels 的一个 alternatives阅读 1 solar en

17、ergy 没有 other sour带来的 pollutant, 比如没有 fossil fuel 的 pollutant 和没有 nuclear energy 的 radioactive contamination:反驳：使用 solarenergy 需要大量佔地，比如 NY 如果要用能，那麽得佔用它25%的土地面积来建 thousands of panels，而在土地越来越珍贵的今天，大量佔用土地也是一种 environmental problem阅读 2 solar energy is always available and plentiful。great effort,而且可以 st

18、ore 起来等没阳光的日子用!能不像其他能源需要 be mined with反驳： 储藏能的电池是 METAL 做的，那些 metal 也需要 be mined with effort，能的使用也会被 effected by nature resour阅读 3 Solar energy 能在 remoocations 使用，比如 mountains and ships。 现在这些边远地区难以接电线还是什麽管道，所以能源使用，然而他们可以用 solar panels，就可以自己发电反驳： solar energy is a complex technology. 如果你在 CITY 里，sola

19、r energy 的设备坏了，修起来还方便；如果在边远地方，那就要花很长时间来修，也很还是用 gasoline 好，easy to maain。 所以边远地区2.Beetles damage ash trees. The article talks about how to save ash trees. Reading1. banning transporion of ash trees, which will take beetles nests to other areas.2. drilling holes on the ash trees to inject a chemical p

20、esticidetrees.t make beetles leave away ash3. planting trap treesListeningt beetles like to lay their eggs on.1. they cannot prohibit private companiest cut down ash trees to be firewood.)2. drilling to much holes will damage ash trees. The cycle of injectingsticide is two years)3. trap trees are be

21、etles food，which will increase the population of beetles and hurt more ash trees.)This topic is regarding whether or not people can save the ash trees from the catastrophic damagecaused by the emerald ash borers, a kind of harmful beetles to the tree. The listening and thereading contents hold diffe

22、rents on it.To begin with, the lecturer sayst although several bans on the movement of the ash trees havebeen made, they still have trouble prohibiting private companiest cut down those trees andtransport it to other pla, causing infesion spread. The reading however indicates theregulation can preve

23、nt infested tree logs fromruding the healthy trees. Thus, the ban trying tolimit the transporion of ash trees or untreated firewood fails to stop this disaster.Secondly，from the reading passage, emerald ash borers or EAB usually cut holes to lay eggs and harm the trees, so it would be a wise remedy

24、to use pesticide by drilling holes directly to kill thelarvae. Nevertheless, the speaker refutes and sayst this methods injury trees; besides, themedication of pesticide only lasts two yearst is to be appd again. Lastly, the pesticidemight also be damaging to other harmless insects inhabiting m such

25、 kind of trees.Finally, the lecturer also denies the methods of setting up trap trees for attracting beetles to layeggs on them instead of reallyngt on the ash trees as the passage put forth. Chanaretsuch trap trees not just draw the attention of the beetles, but also provide them food in a way. Ino

26、ther words, it will increase the population of beetles and hurt more ash trees at the same time. Therefore, the methods proed by the author are not satisfactory and comprehensive.3reading：罗马第九（1）Scotland 第九之谜被派去苏格兰的，被苏格兰的叛军消灭了（2）Netherland 荷兰的一个 Roman fort 的房顶上发现有罗马第九标记的 tile，证明第九在荷兰生活过。（3）Judea犹太有

27、revolt，罗马派不列颠带第九前往，士兵们得病死了或者是被叛军击溃了。listening：（1）大规模过大规模的才能成建制地消灭一个，而没有迹象显示当时苏格兰和罗马之间爆发，比如在苏格兰没有找到属于第九的。（2）tile 可能是由其他人从不列颠带到荷兰的。另外 tile 需要一种 XX 工具才能製造，而堡垒附近没有发现这种工具。（3）不列颠在西边，犹太在东边，长途运送士兵和补给品去耗时太久，而犹太当地就有士兵可以徵调。The topic debated is regarding the disappearance of the Nh Legion and the stand and list

28、ening is different.he readingTo begin with，the writer thinkst this legion was destroyed in the battlein Scotland.Nevertheless, in order to destroy one of the best legions in Rome, there musthis massive battle, yet there was none, nor were the weapons discoveredve many signs fort belongs to the NhReg

29、ion. Some similar fortresses were found, yet they did not mean much.he second place, from the listening，some spel tiles were discoveredhe fortress relatedto the Nh Region; however, the spel sted tiles can be brought to Scotland from otherplabecause the tile making tool was not found and there were n

30、o kilns located nearby. On theother hand, from the writer, such stthey left the sioned fortress.ed tiles found were the evidence of Nh Legion whenLastly，the legion was said to be wiped out on the way to quell the rebels in Judea. Soldiers were sick or dead or even when they arrived at the battle fie

31、ld, they could be easily destroyed. However,from the listening, Judea is situatedhe east of Rome and it is not a sensible decito dispatchthe Nh Region to suppress the revolt since it is too far away. Besides, there were soldierssioned in Judea. The Rome Empire can jusd the soldiers directly fromt re

32、gion.To sum up，the listening content and the reading passage are different on how the legendary Nh legion was disappeared.4.the hoho阅读：人类的原因（1）其灌溉系统含有alkaline water，土地遂不孕不育；（2）因为 hoho砍伐一种树砍太多，而这种 tree 是狠多动物依赖生存的，所以森林里面的物种，而这些动物呢又是人依赖生存的 meat，于是人类没东西吃；（3）受到外来者（navajo groups）：所以，有找到 fence 可以证明。（1）the

33、hoho有休耕的概念，加上雨水冲刷，所以土地应该可以在几年后变得肥沃；再说在那以前 1000 年他们一直用得好好的，咋就一下没了？（2）这种树生长狠快，只用木材来生火和盖房子的古人是用不完的。（3）缺乏明确遗迹留下。 The reading pro，有工事不等于有，也许只是预防而已；再说没有其他关于的es three explanations as to why the Hohokan culture disappeared suddenly inthe 15th century, while the professor refutes these explanations.of all, t

34、he reading arguest the local irrigation system is to be blamed. The watertHohokan people used to irrigate their crops contained a lot of alkaline, which would form saltdeit, making the soil infertile and unfit to grow food. However, the professor sayst theHohokan people were able to manage the saeit

35、 because they would let the field rest for afew growing seasons aftlanting crops for oason. When the fields were resting, the fallingrain would wash the salt away.Second, the reading arguest the local people had cut down too many trees, which was thenatural habiand food sourof many birds and animals

36、. With these birds and animals gone,the local people had no food sour. The professor refutes this poby sayingt the mesquitetree could grow and reproduce very quickly. It is imthem to be replaced by new growth.sible for them to cut down all the trees forThirdly, the reading sayst based on the hill to

37、p fortification, the Hohokan people may havegoneowith invading new comers. The professor casts doubt on this poby sayingt the very existence of hilltop fortification indicatest Hohokan people are fully prepared forinvas. Whats more, if there wereoccupation, there would have been evidenuch asremains

38、of weapons, burnt dwellings, but they are not found where Hohokan people once lived.5.Reading 里說 Biopolymer 的袋子比一般的袋好, 不產生，廉价、环保、容易保存食物；Lecture 里說不廉价，不环保，因为这种東西用农作物制成，所以费钱，而且農作物生長要用化肥和杀虫剂，所以污染，不環保。另外还说到，这种东西不 durable, 容易拉坏，不方便。6【康老师，J2】阅读：文章讲了三个关於在五大湖区建电站的好处提供就业岗位淡水无腐蚀有较好的技术防止漏油虽然提供了，但是為了把建电站的钱弄回来，电

39、费也贵了。虽然没腐蚀，但更容易结冰，成本也没降。如果漏油，则水质污染严重。The topic debated is about whether or not setting up a hydroelectric-lant around The GreatLakes is a sound suggestion for people living around to make better use of water resource; thespeaker and the author hold a differenton it.Thereason from the writing is rega

40、rding building up a hydroelectric-lanthe GreatLakes will increase the employment rate since this is a big construction and machine to operate.However, from the listening, the speaker thinkst for the plants investors, they all want theirmoney recovered soon, so they will not hire many people spending

41、 too muoney on labor cost.In addition, for a swift way of getting their money back, so the electricity price will be high.Secondly, from the speaker, the fresh water is ideal for building up the hydroelectric-lantfor sure because fresh water is not as highly corrosive as the salty water. Nevertheles

42、s, fresh watergets frozen easily;he lake area, the wer is severe and long, so the cost will not be broughtdown as the reading says. Additionally,he period of wer time in Five Lakes, it is long so thecost ofer generation could be increased as well due to the short working period.However, from the spe

43、aker, new technology is great, yet it does not guarantee a full stop of oilleakage. In addition, if the oil leakage does happen, the influence will be way serious. Thus, it isnot a sagacious idea to establish a hydroelectric-lant near the Greakes. Once ithappens, the leakage will disperse very raly

44、and cause very serious pollution to the waters andthe importanbifor animal, plants and fish.For the above reasons in details, the reading and the listening content about this ie arecontradictory. Last but not least, from the reading, we are now able to use the latest technology toprevent oil leakage

45、 of hydroelectric-lant, which is a deadly problem.7Harappan civilization decline 的三个原因；说不可能有那麼 large scale 的第一个阅读认為有外敌第二个阅读说是天气变化忽然特冷特乾燥导致农作物没法正常生长了；说在同一时期还有另外俩 Civilization 他们都有办法供给他们自己的食物所以 H 不会有这麼大的 Decline第二个原因阅读提到因為季风受到 climate change 影响，所以农作物减產，造成文化然后教师说，同时期的埃及同样也受 climate change 影响，但没事!，裡的女人说

46、 H 的人都是很好的工程师不会导致疾病大规模第三个阅读是说有传染病蔓延通过水传染的；他们在设计的是时候肯定会注意一个叫 C第三个理由我怎麼听到他们的水利工程系统很棒，所以在处理 drinking water 时会很所以不会被传染，The reading passage puts forward three hypotheses to explain the decline of the Harappancivilization. However, the lecturer challenges these hypotheses and uses evidence to proveof them

47、 are based on flawed speculations.t allThehypothesis ist the decline of Harappan civilization was caused by invafrom anomadic tribe. However, the lecture arguest the Harappan culture covered a huge expanse ofterritory, so even if the nomeople invaded Harappan land, such invawas confined to asmall nu

48、mber of Harappan cities only, so its unlikely to have led to the total destruction of theHarappan culture.The second hypothesis ist climate change had led to the collapse of Harappan agriculture. Withno food available, the Harappan people had to abandon their home. Reasonable as it may sound, there

49、are flaws his argument too, because, as the lecture indicates, the Egyptian civilization, a contemporary of the Harappan civilization, was able to make adjustment to its agriculture andmanaged to coped with the same unhospitable climate changes. There is no reason why theHarappan people could nove a

50、lso adapted sucsfully to climate change.The third hypothesis puts the blame on water contamination,ingt a water-borne diseasehad forced the Harappan people to migrate to other locations, leading to the decline of the entirecivilization. This theory is not valid according to the lecture. The professo

51、r explainsrappanpeople were excellent engineers who had created advanced csystemst should be capableof preventing the transmisof disease through water.8【康老师，J2】20130322NA牙医用来 repair 牙齿的一种物质：mercury。阅读说应该被。第一影响健康。裡面有种物质吸收后会影响 central nerve system 带来一系列病。第二环境问题。诊所里用完后衝走进入江河湖海，会造成环境污染第三可以代替的材料。有很多材料可以代

52、替她，像陶瓷，金甚麼的。wildlife。说 第一它只有很少的量然后这种过敏的比例很小。体吸收。不会带来甚麼大问题。有些人有问题是他们过敏，第二有一种 device, S 开头的，（屏幕会显示。）可以 collect 这些 solids 所以不会带来这些问题。第三这种材料持续时间长效果好，其他材料不能代替。像金。太贵了。From the reading material, it has listed three reasons not to use amalgam as material to makedentures. However, the professorthe validity o

53、f those reasons.he lecture puts forward different evidence to argue againstTo begin with, although it is widely knownt amalgam is toxic due to traof mercury, yet thety we applyolding a denture is not so much as to cause detrimental effect on humanbeings, but only a small number of patients allergic

54、to mercury which is very rare. However, thereading says the ingredients amalgam fillings used hurts human beings in nerves related function.Secondly, amalgam did contaminate environment. However, in the light of the mandatoryadapion of separation technology, this defecs been thus eliminated. All the

55、 amalgam will befiltered out through this pros, regulating clinical or laboratory tests demanding 95-99%separating efficiency. With such technology and law enforcement, there will be no environmentconcerns over suaterial ie, which is contrary to the readingt indicates it is harmful toour environment

56、 and the wildlife as a whole. Finally, amalgam fillings are still considered the bestmaterial for dental fillings. All thesible substitutes for amalgam are either not efficient orcostly. It is thus not practical at all to actually use those replacements, such as gold or silver.Besides those comite m

57、aterials does not last long and it stains easily. Yet, the author thinkstthere are many alternative materials for this harmful amalgam filling.Weixin: tfwxIn a nuts, all the pos sed in reading materials have been proved unsubstantiated by thelecturer in listening material. Amalgam icontradictory to

58、the reading passage.itable to be the material for denture and this view is9【康老师 27,J2 】阅读：讲要 meet the demand of energy。一个国家应该採用核能发电，但是有些批评者。safety，说如果 core overheat 的话会辐射外泄造成对环境生态及人类的危害；cost，说核能发电厂一间大约要 25 billion，比起其他的发电厂贵，举例子说了 oil和 coal；有 other technology，比如风力发电；：女教授反驳了。（1）就新技术 pebbed reactor，可以控

59、温，当热量超出 regular 时会 slow work，以保持normal temperature，不会有；（2）虽然核能电厂造价比较贵，但铀比较便宜，相较之下煤或石油发电虽然发电厂便宜但是贵，不见得比较省；（3）风力发电不稳定，换句话说 not reliable，因此需要其他的发电厂当 backup，所以还不如用 nuclear 呢。10【J2 】某地区下了 2 个月的 red rain，三个原因，1 volcanic eruption, 2meteoric explosive，3sporesof lichens,教授说第一种可能造成 red rain,但不太可能会造成这么长时阁的 red

60、 rain，而且雨水成分中没有火车喷出物，第二种情况也不会造成那么大的 clouds,而且 clouds 会飘走，若发生了 explo，下雨应该是在另一个地方；第三种情况，lichens 住在地面，只能影响到ground-leve!的 air，若要行成 red rain,需要很多很多的 lichens，市民没有看到这种现象。11阅读：natural gas 的缺点不够干净，会排放温室气体会有大量的废水噪音和光影响小区：反驳。（1）现在风码比煤少多了能并不能很好的利用，并且天然气也并没有产生那么多温室气体，最起（2）采天然气产生打大量的废水已经有了处理办法，可以排到很深的染饮用水，这样就不会污（