Unit 5 情态动词 过去将来时课件 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit5TheValueofMoneyDiscoveringUsefulStructures

ModelVerbs情态动词一、情态动词的特征情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。3.情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面接不带to的不定式。(dare)5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。1.只作情态动词的：2.可情态可实义的：3.可情态可助动词的:

4.相当于情态动词的:

二、情态动词的分类can/could,may/might,oughtto,mustneed,dareshall/should,will/wouldhaveto,usedtoExampleNecessityPossibilitiesObligationRequestAdviceIntentionWecandiscussitnow.Youmustdoitatonce.Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt?Youneedn’thavestayed.Yououghttohelphim.Iwouldratherdoitmyself.can表示推测can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时,常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。Itcan’t/couldn’t

betrue.那不可能是真的。Can/Couldhehave

heardthenews?他可能听说过这个消息了吗?cancan表示客观的、一时的情况,意思是“有时候会”。TheweatherinJiangxican/couldbeverycoldinwinter.江西冬季可能很冷。表示惊异、怀疑,不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么那么粗心呀!①Hecanplaygolfnow,buthecouldn'tlastyear.②Walkingwithastrangercanbehighlydangerous.③-Can/CouldIhavealookatyournewlaptop?我可以看看你的新笔记本电脑吗?一Yes，youcan./No，youcan't.可以。不可以。④Thatgirlunderthetreecan'tbeJenny-she'sintheclassroomnow.⑤Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?⑥Youcan'tbecarefulenough.

(could是can的过去式，语气更委婉)

能力许可可能可能性可能再……也不为过can&could①—MayIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes，youmay./No，youmustn’t.②Theymay/might

gototheparty，butI’mnotsure.③Ifyouareinterestedinthematch，youmay/mightaswelltry.(1)①句中may表示______________________。否定回答时，用____________。(2)②句中may和might表示____________，____________可能性更小。(3)③句中______________________________，意为“不妨”。允许或征询对方许可mustn’t可能性mightmay/mightaswell＋动词原形may&might

①IhavetowaituntiltherainstopsbecauseIhavenoumbrellawithme.我不得不在这儿等到雨停，因为我没带伞。(强调客观需要)②Imustrecitethetextthismorning.今天早上我必须背会这篇课文。(强调主观意志)③—Mustwefinishourhomeworktoday?—Yes，youmust./No，youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.must&haveto

④Youmustn’t

parkhere.⑤Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.你的母亲现在一定在等着你。⑥Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme？你为什么非要一直打断我呢？(1)①句中haveto和②句中must均表示“____________”，但____________是指说话人的主观看法，而____________则强调客观需要。(2)③句中must所构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式通常为____________或____________，意为“不必要”，而一般不说____________(④句中mustn’t表示“禁止”)。(3)____句中must常表示有根据的、比较确定的推测(只用于肯定的陈述句)，译为“一定，必定”。(4)⑥句中must表示“____________”。,必须musthavetoneedn’tdon’thavetomustn’t⑤偏要，偏偏

①Alltheaudiencetothetheatreshould/oughttotaketheticketsandmasks.②Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.他竟然对你这样无礼，真让我吃惊。③Thecustomeraskedifheshouldgethisorderontime.那位顾客问能否按时拿到订单。自主发现4(1)①句中should表示“___________________”，其同义词是____________；在疑问句中，通常用____________代替oughtto。(2)②句中should有时可用于某些从句中，表示说话人惊奇、失望等感情色彩，常译为“竟然，怎么会”。(3)③句中should作为shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句，且多用于间接引语中，以征求对方的意见。义务、责任、建议oughttoshouldshould&oughtto

①Wouldyoupassmethedocument,please？②Doctor

ZhangDingyusaidthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpthepatients.③Eachtimehismother’sbirthdaycame，hewouldbuyherapresent.每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。(表示过去的习惯)④Wewilldoourbesttokeeptheclassroomtidyandclean.

⑤Oilwillfloatonthewater.油总是浮在水面上。will&would自主发现5(1)①句中would表示____________，比will更委婉客气。(2)②句中would和④句中的will表示__________________。(3)③句中would和⑤句中的will表示习惯性动作或客观真理。would表示过去的习惯性动作时，暗示现在仍然如此；而usedto表示过去常常做某事，强调现在不是这样了。Myfatherusedtogototheofficebybikewhenhewasyoung.我父亲年轻的时候总是骑自行车去上班。(现在不是这样了)请求、建议意志、愿望和决心①Ifhedare

gooutsidethisweek，he’llbepusnished.如果他敢这个星期外出，他会被惩罚的。②Theworkers

didn’tdaretobreaktherules.(1)dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式为darenot。(2)dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面可接带to的不定式。dare

hadbetter

Youhadbetter

finishyourhomeworkbeforegoingtobed.

Youhadbetternottalkwithstrangers.你最好不要和陌生人讲话。hadbetter表示“____________”，使用时常缩写为____________，无人称和数的变化，其否定式一般把not放在hadbetter之____________。最好……’dbetter后1)shall在第一、三人称的疑问句中征求意见。

Shallwebeginourlesson?我们可以开始上课了吗？Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?

他什么时候可以离开医院？shall&should

2)shall在第二、三人称的陈述句中,表威胁、命令、警告、强制、承诺。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.他应该在我读完之后拿到那本书。YoushalldoasIsay.

你应该照我说的做。3)should=oughtto劝告、建议、命令

（疑问句中常用should代替oughtto）Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.Youhavetoreadbetweenthelinesbecausetherealmessagesareoftenhidden…Itmayseemluckytoyou.Astronautsmustwearspacesuitswhentheyworkinspacebecause…

Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountry?Youshould/oughtto/hadbettergotoclassrightaway.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinhersituation?advice表建议intention表意图和愿望Findmodalverbsanddiscusstheirfunctions.A.necessityB.possibilityC.obligationD.requestE.adviceF.intentionnecessity表必要性possibility表可能和推测obligation表义务性request表请求或指示Afterthemillion-poundnoteistakenoutpossibilityasimplefuturemodalstrongadvicepossibilitypossibilityabilityModalverbspossibilitynecessityobligationrequestadviceintentioncan(could更委婉)may(might更委婉)needhaveto(主观）/must（客观）must/oughttowouldmayshould/oughttohadbetterwouldmustcan情态动词+havedone:对过去的猜测本可以不可能You_______________(have)abettergradeifyoumadefullpreparationfortheexam.Isawhimjustnow,sohe___________________(go)abroad.couldhavehadcouldn’tbeengonecouldn’thavedone

shouldhavedone本该做某事（而实际上未做）shouldn’thavedone本不该做某事（而实际上做了）你本该寻求帮助的。Youshouldhaveaskedforsomehelp.你本不该告诉她这个消息的。You

shouldn’thavetold

herthenews.couldhavedonemusthavedone一定做了can’thavedone肯定没做Ididn’thearthephone.I_______________________(我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。)

musthavebeenasleepShe___________________,forherbikeisstillhere.(她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。)

can’thaveleftschool1.must用于一般疑问句中,肯定:must否定:

needn’t/don’thaveto（不必），2.mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”

—Must

I

finish

all

assignments

at

a

time?

—Yes,you______.No,

you___________

.mustneedn't/don’thaveto推测现在或正发生的事情：mustbedoing他现在肯定呆在那里。Hemustbestayingthere.must1.作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。你怎么敢说我不公平？HowdareyousayI’munfair?

你不必这么早过来？Youneedn’tcomesoearly.dare/need他不敢回答问题。Hedoesn'tdare

(to)answer.你不需要自己动手。Youdidn'tneedtodoityourself.2.dare和need作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/does，need后面接带to的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有时态、人称和数的变化。Fillintheblankswithpropermodelverbs.InthefilmTheMillionPoundBankNote,HenryAdamsisstuckinaforeigncountrywithoutmoneyandfriends,andwithnowheretostay.Whilethissituation__________seemunusual,itcansometimeshappentotravellers.Incaseithappenstoyouonatripabroad,what__________youdo?First,andmostimportantly,you__________staycalm.Fear__________causeyoutobecomeconfused.Youneedtothinkclearly.Second,youshouldgotoyournearestconsulate.They__________beabletohelptosomeextent.Third,you__________dowelltocheckwithsomelocalcharities.They__________offerhelptotravellersinneed.Fourth.you__________avoidgettingintotrouble.You__________thinkthatstealingsomemoneyorfoodwouldhelpyou,butyoushouldnotdoso.Gettingcaught__________ruinyourlife.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablemodalverbsinthebox.maymustcanoughttomighthadbetterwouldshouldmayshouldmustcanoughttowouldmighthadbettermightwouldthepastfuturetense过去将来时ThePastFutureTense(1)过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语thenextday、soon等。常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should+动词原形”构成。Theysaidtheletterinsidewouldexplainwhatitwasallabout.他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。Thedirectorsaidhewouldmeetthefamousactorthenextday.导演说他会在第二天与那天著名男演员见面。IranguptotellmyfatherthatIshouldleaveforHK.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去香港。ThePastFutureTense(2)过去将来时的基本结构是“would+动词原形”，否定式是在would后面加not.Jeffknewhewouldbetiredthenextday.杰夫知道他第二天会很累。Hepromisedthathewouldnotopentheletteruntil2o’clock.他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。ThePastFutureTense(3)begoingto、beaboutto等结构也用在过去将来时中。表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表示预言、意图或者打算等。TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbestwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetoutside.他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局，这时，他们看到亨利走在外面的大街上。Mrs.Thomsonwasabouttositdowntowatchtheoperawhenherphonerang.汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。

3.was/wereabouttodo:常用来表示即将发生的动作,“刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。Ifeltthatsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。Wewere

about

togotherewhenitbegantorain.我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。4.start,go,come,leave,see,meet等动词的过去进行时:表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。Shewas

cominglater.她随后就来。Ihadjustputonmyovercoatandwas

leavingtovisitafriendofmine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。5.was/weretodo:表示“曾计划做某事”,如果表示“本来计划做某事,动作没实现”,则需用“was/weretohavedone”Shesaidshewas

to

have

toldmeaboutherplan.她说她本来想告诉我关于她的计划的。Hesaidhewas

tomeethisfriendattheairportat4p.m.他说他下午四点去机场接他的朋友。wasnotgoingtogivealoantohimThe

clerk

in

the

consulate

told

Henry

thatthey_______________________________(not,give,aloan).Henryenteredthegentlemen’shouse,wonderingifthey____________________(offer,ajob).ThegentlemensaidthatHenry____________________(know,everything)inanhourandahalf.ExercisewouldofferhimajobwouldknoweverythingCompletethesentencewithwould,was/weregoingto,andthewordsinbrackets.wasgoingtoexplainwhyhewasn’tpaythebill4.Henry___________________________________________(explainwhy,notpay,thebill)rightawaywhenthewaiterbecameimpatient.5.Theownerofthetailor’sshopneverthoughthe___________________________(hold,suchalargenote).6.Afteronemonth,HenrywenttoseethegentlemenwithPortia.He___________________________(giveback,no