(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration (含详解)

必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解ASongkran(2021·湖南百校联考)Duration：fromApril12to15,2020inPhuket(Thedatesvarydependingontheregions)．Location：SongkranistheThaiNewYear.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff，andmostThaipeoplewillbegoingbackhometocelebrateSongkranwiththeirfamilies.Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks，throwingwaterateachother.Details：StartingintheearlymorningonApril13th，thewaterceremonywilltakemanyforms.Initially，youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(洒)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.It’sgoodluck.ThenyousprinkleastatueofBuddhaveryrespectfullyanddoalittlepray.Laterinthemorning，thegamestartstochange.Becausethisisthehottesttimeoftheyear，sprinklingeachotherwithwaterisalotoffun.AddalittlebeertothatandSongkranturnsintoacountry-widewaterwar.ItstartsrathergentlyinPhuketTownaround10am，turningtowaterdogfights(混战)intheafternooninPatong，KataandKaron，andendsfull-scalewetwarzoneinBanglaRoaduntillateatnight.SurvivalTips：★Don’tdriveabikeifyoucanavoidit.It’sslipperyandthetendencytocloseeyeswhenwateristhrownatyouisdangerous.★Getawaterproofcamera★Beawareofmajortrafficjamsintowns，mostlyinPatongBeach.★Don’tcarryanythingthatdoesn’tresistwater.★Don’twearexpensiveclothing.★Beawareofthesun!★Havefun!Don’ttakeittooseriously；it’sgood.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了泰国的泼水节和参加泼水节的一些注意事项。1．WhydotrafficjamshappenduringSongkran?A．Theroadisslippery.B．Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff.C．Thepeoplearethrowingwaterateachother.D．Everyoneissprinklinghisfamilyontheroad.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第一句可知，因为每个人都在外面的皮卡车上相互泼水，所以道路上交通堵塞严重。由此可知，在泼水节期间发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水。故选C项。2．What’sthefirststeptocelebrateSongkran?A．Doingalittlepray.B．SprinklingastatueofBuddha.C．Sprinklingfamilywithalittlewater.D．Sprinklingeachotherwithmuchbeer.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Initially，youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(洒)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.”可知，一开始你应该向你的家人洒一小杯水。由此可知，庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。故选C项。3．WhichofthefollowingisrecommendedduringSongkran?A．Carryinganumbrella.B．Wearingcheapclothes.C．Bringingsomecash.D．Ridingabicycle.答案B解析细节理解题。根据SurvivalTips部分中的“Don’twearexpensiveclothing.”可知，不要穿贵的衣服。由此可知，在泼水节期间，推荐穿便宜点儿的衣服。故选B项。B(2021·河北石家庄质检)Losingaparentisoneofthemostpainfulpartsoflife.Nomatterhowoldwearewhentheyleaveus，itcanbeapainfulexperience.Ourmemoriesareallthatisleftofthemandhappyremindersoftheirloveturnintoourmostvaluabletreasures.That’showMaraSorianofeelsaboutaveryspecialteddybearshelostinherrecentmovetoanewapartment.Thetoybeardidn’tcostalot，butitcontainedarecordingofherlatemother’svoicetellingherthatshelovedherandwasproudofher.Thebear，called“MamaBear”，wasinabackpackthatcontainedelectronicslikeaniPadandaNintendoSwitch.Whenthebagwasmissinglastweekduringthemove，the28-year-old，washeartbroken—notfortheelectronics，butforMamaBear.Soshepostedonlineabouttheitemlostandthestorybehindit.Luckily，Mara’ssearchsoonbecameahit.Meanwhile，Marawasoutsearching.Sheputupposters，dugthroughdustbins，andcommunicatedwithothersonline，followinganyleadshecould.ActorRyanReynoldspostedanappealforitssafereturn.“Ithinkweallneedthisbeartocomehome，”hewrote.Alongwiththemessage，healsosetapriceof$5,000forthereturn.ThenonTuesdaynight，Mara’sspecialbearcamehome.It’sabitofamodern-daywonderthatwouldneverhavehappenedwithoutsocialmedia.Marasaidshegotanemailfromsomeonewhotoldhertheyhadthebear.Maraisgettingmarriednextsummerandthebearisgoingtohaveaspecialseatattheceremony—theonehermotherwouldsitin.Fornow，she’skeeping“MamaBear”closeandsendingthankstothosewhohelpedwiththehappyreunion.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了Mara不遗余力地找回了存有她已故母亲录音的玩具熊的故事。4．WherewasMamaBearwhenitwaslost?A．Inabackpack. B．Intheoldapartment.C．Inadustbin. D．Inanelectronicsstore.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Thebear，called‘MamaBear’，wasinabackpackthatcontainedelectronicslikeaniPadandaNintendoSwitch.”可知，MamaBear是Mara放在背包里，搬往新公寓时丢失的。故选A项。5．WhydidMarasparenoefforttorecoverherMamaBear?A．Itcontainedexpensiveelectronics.B．Itrecordedherweddingmemories.C．Itwasapresentforher28thbirthday.D．Ithadhappyremindersofhermom’slove.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，Mara不遗余力地寻找她的MamaBear，不是因为它很贵重，而是因为里面存储了已故妈妈的录音，是妈妈留给Mara最后的爱。故选D项。6．WhatdidRyandotohelpMara?A．Heputuppostersacrossthecity.B．HesentamessagetocomfortMara.C．HeboughtanalternativebearforMara.D．Heofferedarewardforthereturnofthebear.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，为了找回玩具熊，Ryan不但帮助Mara发布了呼吁，而且还悬赏5000美元。故选D项。7．Thespecialseatattheweddingceremonywillbeintendedfor.A．thebridegroom B．thetoybearC．afamousactor D．anhonoredguest答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，在Mara的婚礼上，她为玩具熊安置了一个特别的座位，在Mara心里，就像妈妈坐在那里为她的婚姻送上祝福一样。故选B项。C(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)Foodstoringiscommoninmembersofthecrow(乌鸦)family.Anewstudytestedthebirdsoutsidethisnaturallyoccurringbehaviour，whichmayhaveevolved(进化)specificallybecauseitgivescrowsasurvivaladvantage.Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood.Sotheresearcherstestedwhetherthebirdscouldstoreandrecoveratoolsotheycouldgetitattheirfoodafteragapof17hours—somethingwewouldn’texpectthemtodonaturally.Buttheywereabletoinstantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.Inanotherexperiment，theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken(礼品券)fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.Again，thebirdsthenshowedthattheycouldplanforthefutureusingthisnewbehaviour.Thisisdifferentfromallofthepreviousstudiesinfutureplanning，whichhavefocusedonnaturallyoccurringbehaviour.Forexample，weknowthatchimpanzeesselect，transportandsaveappropriatetoolsforfutureneeds.Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture，buttheyleftanimportantquestionopenfordebate.Areanimalsonlyabletoplantouseabilitiesthathaveevolvedtogivethemaspecificadvantage，orcantheyflexiblyandintelligentlyapplyplanningbehaviouracrossvariousactions?Mostcriticswouldsaytheformer，astheanimalsweretestedinnaturallyoccurringbehaviors.Butthenewresearchprovidesthefirstevidencethatanimalspeciescanplanforthefutureusingbehaviourthatdoesn’ttypicallyoccurinnature.Thissupportstheviewthatatleastsomerecognitiveabilitiesinanimalsdon’tevolvejustinresponsetospecificproblems.Instead，itsuggeststhatanimalscanapplythesebehaviorsflexiblyacrossproblemsinasimilarwaytohumans.Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.Thenwemightbeabletoseehowcrows’abilitytoplanforthefuturefitsinwiththeirbroadercognitivepowers.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由乌鸦贮食行为引发的一系列的科学探讨。8．What’sthenewfindingaboutsomecrowsaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Theycanstorefood.B．Theycanusetoolstorecoverfood.C．Theycanstoreandrecovertools.D．Theycanselectandstorefood.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句的内容可知，研究人员对乌鸦的新发现是乌鸦能储存并且找到觅食所用的工具。故选C。9．Whatarecrowstrainedbyscientiststodowhengivenatoken?A．Rejectitcasually.B．Exchangeitforfood.C．Saveitastheirfood.D．Buildanestwithit.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句的内容可知，研究人员们训练乌鸦用礼品券来交换食物。故选B。10．Whatdoscientiststhinkofthestudiesthatanimalscanplanforthefuture?A．Theyaredebatable.B．Theyaredisappointing.C．Theyarecontradictory.D．Theyareconvincing.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，科学家们对动物可以为未来计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。11．Whatcanbeinferredaboutrecognitiveabilitiesinanimals?A．Theydeveloponlywithage.B．Itisunclearhowthey’veevolvednow.C．Noanimalsbutcrowsbenefitfromthem.D．Planningforthefuturehelpstheirevolution.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.”可推断，它们是怎样进化的还不清楚。故选B。

D(2021·河南南阳检测)AwalkthroughthegalleriesofQuebec’sMontrealMuseumofFineArts(MMFA)placesindividualsface-to-facewithsome43,000artworksrangingfromChineseceramics(陶瓷制品)toInuitsculpture.Whilethevisitingisanincredibleculturalexperience，agroupoflocalphysicianswillsoonbeabletoprescribe(开处方)museumvisitsastreatmentforsomeillnesses.HélèneBoyer，vicepresidentofaMontreal-basedmedicalassociation，explainsthatmuseumvisitshavebeenshowntoincreaselevelsofserotonin，aneurotransmitter(神经传导物质)knownasthe“happychemical”whichhelpstoliftmood.AccordingtoBoyer，thesmallincreaseinhormones(荷尔蒙)associatedwithenjoyinganafternoonofartissimilartothatofferedbyexercise，makingmuseumprescriptionsidealfortheelderlyexperiencingpainthatpreventsthemfromregularlyjoininginphysicalactivity.Themuseumvisitsaredesignedtoimprovetraditionalmethods.AsBondilnotes，spendingtimeinapeacefulenvironmentcanprovideawelcomedistraction.“Whatisthemostimportantisthatthisexperiencecanhelpthemescapefromtheirownpain，”shesays.“Whenyouenterthemuseum，youescapefromthespeedofourdailylife.”“Iamconvincedthatinthe21stcentury，culturewillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury，”saidBondil.“Somepeoplewoulddowelltorecallthatjustinthe19thcentury，sportswerebelievedtodoharmtothebody.Justasdoctorsnowprescribeexercise，theywillbeabletoprescribeavisittotheMMFA.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在21世纪，参观博物馆之类的文化活动将像20世纪体育运动对健康的意义那样提升人们的健康。12．WhatdoesHélèneBoyerthinkofmuseumvisits?A．Theycancheerpeopleup.B．Theycanreducephysicalactivity.C．Theycanslowdownourlifepace.D．Theycanincreaselevelsofartappreciation.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，HélèneBoyer认为参观博物馆可以提高血清素的水平，而血清素可以提升情绪。由此可推知，他认为参观博物馆可以让人高兴、振作起来。故A项正确。13．Howdomuseumvisitsaffectpeople?A．Stopthemconcentratingonpain.B．Stopthemfocusingontraditionalmethods.C．Encouragethemnottobeabsent-minded.D．Encouragethemtoslowtheirstepswhilewalking.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二、三句可知，参观博物馆可以让人们转移注意力，不那么专注于痛苦。故A项正确。14．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Physicalactivitieswerepopularinthe19thcentury.B．Sportsareconsideredtobeharmfultothebody.C．Ideasoftreatingillnessesarechangingovertime.D．Doctorsprescribemuseumvisitsregularlynow.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害，而现在医生给病人开运动处方。再根据“Iamconvincedthatinthe21stcentury，culturewillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury...”可推知，疾病治疗观念随着时间的推移而改变。故C项正确。15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Museumvisitsareidealfortheelderly.B．Happychemicalhelpstoliftone’smood.C．Peacefulenvironmenthelpsescapepain.D．Culturalactivitieswillpromotehealth.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“culturewillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury”可知，在21世纪，文化活动将像20世纪体育运动对健康的意义那样提升人们的健康。故D项正确。Ⅱ.七选五Choosingtherightcareercanbehard.Manypeoplegraduatefromschoolorcollegenotknowingwhattodowiththeirlives，andgetajobwithoutreallythinkingaboutit.Forsome，thingsworkoutfine.1Yourworkinglifelastsanaverageoffortyyears，soit’simportanttofindajobyoulikeandfeelenthusiasticaboutit.Luckily，therearemanywaysyoucangethelptodothis.TheAustralianwebsite，，compareschoosingacareerwithgoingtothemovies.Beforeyouseeamovie，youfindoutwhatfilmsareshowing.2—findoutwhatjobsareavailableandwhatyouroptionsare.Next，decidewhichmovieyoulikebest;ifyou’renotaromanticperson，youwon’twanttoseealovestory.Inotherwords，withyourcareer，youshoulddecidewhichjobwillsuityourpersonality.3Meanwhile，youshouldfindoutwherethetheaterisbeforeyougo.Withyourcareer，youneedtofindinformationaboutwhereyoucanwork，howmuchyouwillearn，andhowtogetajobinthatprofession.So，howdoyoustart?Beginbyaskingyourselfsomequestions.4Haveyoutraveledoverseas?Doyouhaveanyextracertificatesbesidesyourdegree，suchasafirstaidlicense?Yourphysicalstateandbuildcanalsoaffectwhichjobsyoucando.Aperson，forexample，whoisallergictocatswouldprobablyneverbecomeaveterinarian.Flightattendants，firefighters，andpoliceofficershavetobeoveracertainheight，andbephysicallyfit.5Areyououtgoingandextroverted，orshyandintroverted?Ifyoulikew