062691310高等教育自学考试 工程应用英语试题

201310月高等教育自学考试《工程应用英语》试题课程代码：06269一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Selectingamodetohaulfreightfollowsasimilar （A）approach B.service C.advantage D.inventionAsthesechange time,thetransportationsystemwillalsobechanged.（B）during B.over C.after D.byEngineersoftenworkas toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.（C）workers B.managers C.consultants D.cardersthesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.（A）Clearing B.Cleaning C.Constructing D.Cultivating The ofwindshieldwipers,freshairventilatingsystems,hadresultingreatervehiclesafety.（C）review B.regain C.redesign D.retainNoattemptwasmadetocontrol contentortosecurecompaction.（A）moisture B.net C.gross D.proteinToday,scientificdatapermittheengineertomakecarefulcalculations （D）inaccurately B.innotrend C.late D.inadvanceTheword'contract'isderivedfromtheLatincontractu',meaning together.（C）pull B.push C.drawn D.press Relocationandreductioninheightofthe hasmeantthatthedriver'stotalreactiontimehasbeenreduced.（B）doorlatch B.brakepedal C.steeringwheel D.emergencylightsisthedominanttransportationmodeinpassengertravel.（B）Airtransportation B.HighwaytransportationC.Railwaytransportation D.WatertransportationThesimplestandgenerallyleastcostlyformofinterchangeisthe （A）

diamond B.trumpet C.direct D.cloverleafIngroundsurvey,a isonlyusedformeasuringtheverticalheightsofobjects.（A）level B.totalstation C.transit D.tape IfPartyAcommissionsPartyBtoexecutetheconstructionwork,thenPartyBisreferredtoas （B）theemployer B.thecontractor C.thetender D.thecarrierIndifferenttransportationmodes, isnotanadvantageofhighwaytransportation.（A）Fastspeed B.FlexibilityC.Providingdoor-to-doorservice D.CarryingavarietyofparcelsizesAccordingtocivilengineeringcontractterms,theforce-accountworkshouldbecheckedandapproveddailyby （D）theemployer B.thecontractorC.thecarder D.bothAandBAreasofresearchconnectedwithcivilengineeringincludesoilmechanicsand techniques.（C）electronic B.electricalC.soilstabilization D.mechanicalIncivilengineering,constructionisa processonalmostallengineeringprojects.（B）easy B.complicated C.simple D.likelyMaterialforembankmentcommonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignated （C）fills B.wastedepositsC.borrowareas D.sitesAsastructuralmaterial,concreteisvery （D）definite B.infiniteC.constant D.versatile Steelhasgreattensilestrengthwhileconcretehasgreatcompressivestrength,thus,thetwosubstances eachother.（C）counteract B.offsetC.complement D.nullify二、阅读理解题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）PassageOneThecontractorisnotentitledtoreceivepaymentinfulluntiltheworkissatisfactorilycompleted.Thatworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheemployer,orhisrepresentatives,doesnotgivetheemployertherighttodemandanunusuallyhighstandardofqualitythroughouttheworks,inabsenceofapriorexpressagreement.Otherwisetheemployermightbeabletopostponeindefinitelyhisliabilitytopayfortheworks.Theemployerisnormallyonlyentitledtoexpectastandardofworkthatwouldberegardedasreasonablebythecompetentpersonswithconsiderableexperienceintheclassofworkcoveredbytheparticularcontract.Thedetailedrequirementsofthespecificationwillhaveaconsiderablebearingonthesematters.Thecivilengineeringworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionof （B）thecontractorthepromoterorhisrepresentativetheauditortheworkersItdoesnotgivetheemployertherighttodemand （D）anusuallyhighstandardofqualitythroughouttheworksanusuallyhighrequirementsfortheworktobedonetheMinistrystandardofqualitythroughouttheworksanunusuallyhighstandardofqualitythroughouttheworksIntheabsenceofapriorexpressagreement,theemployermightbeableto liabilitytopayfortheworks.（C）terminateimmediately B.postponedefinitelyC.postponeindefinitely D.postponeunjustlyTheemployerisnormallyonlyentitledtoexpectastandardofworkwouldberegardedasreasonableby （C）employers B.toppersonsC.competentpersons D.alltheparticipantsPassageTwoAcivilengineermustunderstanddifferentstressesthestructurewithstandswhenitisinuse.

Altogether,threeforcescanactonastructure:vertical--thosethatactupordown;thatactsideway;andthosethatactuponitwitharotatingorturningmotion.Forcesthatactatananglearecombinationofhorizontalandverticalforces.Sincethestructuresdesignedbycivilengineersareintendedtobestationaryorstable,theseforcesmustbekeptinbalance.Theverticalforces,forexample,mustbeequaltoeachother.Ifabeamsupportsaloadabove,thebeamitselfmusthavesufficientstrengthtocounterbalancethatweight.Thehorizontalforcesmustalsoequaleachothersothatthereisnottoomuchthrusteithertotherightortotheleft.Andforcesthatmightpullthestructurearoundmustbecounteredwithforcesthatpullintheoppositedirection.Horizontalforces （B）actupordownactsidewaysactuponitwithrotatingorturningmotioninaroundwayForcesactingatananglearecombinationof （A）horizontalandverticalforceshorizontalandrotatingforcesturningandverticalforcesverticalandrotatingforcesThehorizontalforcesmustequaleachothersothat （D）thereisnottoomuchthrusteitherupordownthereisnottoomuchthrusteitherrotatingorturningitcanworkinareasonablewaythereisnottoomuchthrusteithertotherightortotheleftWhichofthefollowingistree?（B）ThreeforcesactingonastructureneednotbekeptinbalanceThreeforcesactingonastructuremustbekeptinbalanceThreeforcesactingonastructuremustbelessThreeforcesactingonastructuremustbemorePassageThreeAsweallknow,vehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersonprotectingthedriverandhispassengersincaseanaccidentoccursduetosomeotherfailureinthehighwaysystem.Examplesofthistypeofdesignaresafetybeltsandshoulderharnesses,saferdoorlatches,non-shatteringwindshields,andenergyabsorbingsteeringcolumns.Improvementsaremadeconstantlyinthepartsofavehiclewhichareobvioustothedriver.Thesepartsincludewindshieldwipers,headlamps,brakes,steeringsuspension,andtheexhaustsystem.Theintroductionoffrontandreardirectionalsignalscontributesgreatlytomotorvehiclesafety.Stoplights,backuplights,andfour-wayemergencyflashersalsoaidinvehiclesafety.Four-wayemergencyflashershavebecomestandardequipmentforvehicles.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTmentioned?（C）safetybelts B.saferdoorlatchesC.brakepedal D.stoplightsAccordingtothepassage,whichhasbecomethestandardequipmentforvehicles?（D）energyabsorbingsteeringcolumns B.guardrailC.ventilatingsystem D.four-wayemergencyflashersWhichofthefollowingistree?（B）VehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersonprotectingthepassengersandthevehiclesVehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersonprotectingthepassengersandthepersonswhodrivesthevehiclesVehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersonprotectingthepassengersandthepedestriansVehicularsafetydesignusuallycentersoncreatingcomfortofthepassengersandpedestriansAccordingtothepassage,whichdesignisdescribed?（A）vehicularsafety B.vehicularstructureC.vehicularpower D.vehicularfashionPassageFourEngineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecializeduniversityeducation.Intheuniversity,mathematics,physics,andchemistryareheavilyemphasizedthroughoutengineeringcurriculum,particularlyinthefirsttwoorthreeyears.Mathematicsisveryimportantinallbranchesofengineering,soitisgreatlystressed.Today,mathematicsincludescoursesinstatistics,whichdealswithgathering,classifying,andusingnumericaldata,orpiecesofinformation.Animportantaspectofstatisticalmathematicsisprobability,whichdealswithwhatmayhappenwhenthere

aredifferentfactors,orvariables,thatcanchangetheresultsofaproblem.Beforetheconstructionofabridgeisundertaken,forexample,astatisticalstudyismadeoftheamountoftrafficthebridgewillbeexpectedtohandle.Inthedesignofthebridge,variablessuchaswaterpressureonthefoundations,impact,theeffectsofdifferentwindforces,andmanyotherfactorsmustbeconsidered.Mathematicsisveryimportantinallbranchesofengineeringso （D）everyoneissupposedtopassit B.itisnearlystressedC.itisnotstressed D.itisgreatlystressedInmathematics,statisticsdealswith （B）listeningandspeakinggathering,classifyingandusingpiecesofinformationreadingandwritingthestudyofmathematicsAnimportantaspectofstatisticalmathematicsis （A）probability B.differentfactorsC.variables D.numbersWhichoneofthefollowingisthemainmeaningofthepassage?（B）PhysicsisveryimportantinallbranchesofengineeringMathematicsisveryimportantinallbranchesofengineeringChemistryisveryimportantinallbranchesofengineeringAllsubjectsareimportantforuniversitystudentsPassageFiveInroadconstruction,clearingthesiteprecedesallgradingandmostotherconstructionoperations.Siteclearinginruralareasmaysometimesmerelyrequirethatgrass,shrubs,andotherplantsorcropsberemoved.However,itsometimescaninvolveremovingtreesandtreestumpsanddisposingofthedebris.Theacceptedprocedureistoremovepracticallyallvegetablematterfromtheoriginalgroundandfromfillmaterial,since,ifallowedtoremain;itmaydecayandleavevoidsthatresultinsettlement.Selectiveclearinginadjoiningareasmayattimesberequired.Accordingtothepassage,whichisthemaintopic?（B）Excavation B.SiteclearingC.Embankment D.SweepingofthefloorAccordingtothepassage, isNOTremovedinruralareas.（C）shrubs B.crops C.earth D.grassIfallvegetableisallowedtoremain, （D）itmaycauseshortageofvegetableinthemarketitmaygrowfastitmaygrowagaininthenewseasonitmaydecayandleavevoidsSometimesitisrequiredselectiveclearingin （A）adjacentareas B.farareasC.ruralareas D.mountainareas三、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Computersare useless unlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation.Ordinarilylargeprojectsemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedbya engineerMajordrainagestructuresareusuallylargebridgesandmulti-span culverts Both steelandcement ,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmodemtimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.Theterm embankment describesthefilladdedabovethelowpointsalongtheroadwaytoraisetheleveltothebottomofthepavementstructure.Peopleselect airtransportation tocarryimportantgoodswhentimeisatapremium. Inpreliminarylocationsurvey,thebenefit-costratiomethodisusedforevaluatingeconomical andenvironmentalfeasibilityofthealternativeroutes.Inreconnaissancesurvey,auniquebridgesiteoramount