不定式由to动词原形构成课件

Theinfinitive不定式Theinfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nev结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------结构:todo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生/在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)动词不定式的时态(1).Theypretendednottosee想一想Hepretendstobe

ill

tosleepinclass.一般式(todo)Hepretendstobelisteningwhenasked.进行式(tobedoing)不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。Hepretendstohaveunderstoodthelesson.完成式（tohavedone)表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。想一想Hepretendstobeilltosl动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecreamiscool.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyoushoulddonowistoremembertoday’slesson.Iwantapentowritewith.Heloweredhisheadtosleep.

Heaskedhispartnernottocopythehomework.

主语

宾语表语

定语

状语

宾补动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecream重点!Rememberthem!重点!Rememberthem!一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。

Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.

Tofinishtheworkinaweekisimpossible.一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinaweek.Itis/wasnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.nouse/good二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。

Seeing

is

believing.

Tosee

is

tobelieve.Itisnousecrying

overspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.注意若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。It1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hopewishwantagreepromisedemandaskrefusemanagelearndecidepretendchoosefaildareofferhelp三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝做到学会作决定不要假装在选择没敢提出来帮助三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：resist、objectto、delay、lookforwardto、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Beartheminyourmind!2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：抗议推迟盼喜报，Be四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感:

feel四看

watchsee

observe

noticeIheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswer

thequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使letmakehave如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hewasmadetodohiswork.Becareful!如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语

五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/but后接不带to

的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to

。Caihasnochoicebutto

dothehomework.Caidoesnothingbutsleepeveryday.五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。

Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词七、something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。1)Haveyouanythingtosend?

你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?

你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）注意比较七、something,anything,nothinTotellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.八、独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Iamnotha九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---I’dliketobe.九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要十、固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthandoB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……十、固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+

不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。

Useyourhead!高考题回放Useyourhead!高考题回放1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.

A.tohaveheardB.tohear

C.forhearingD.hearing2.

Robertissaid___abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tobestudyingC.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying1.Mywifesaidinherletter3.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends

______averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got4.Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse3.InAustraliahemadealot5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearing

D.beingheard（0.47）2007卷－95.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit7.Havingatripabroadiscer9.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep10.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having=Tohave9.____lateintheafternoon,exerciseexerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDCMyteacherwasmade_____his4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewond几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．

doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．

doingsth.记得曾经做．．．几对易混淆的词组：7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA7.---Howdoyoudealwiththe9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB9.---Didyougetajob?BDB12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC12.___aliving,shehadtowo1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrivedsafely1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。Toloveandtobe5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike___________________________.6玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Maryseemed_____________________________.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown________________agoldmedalattheOlympic.toberepairedatonce/immediatelytohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengiven5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。toberepairedTheinfinitive不定式Theinfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nev结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------结构:todo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生/在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)动词不定式的时态(1).Theypretendednottosee想一想Hepretendstobe

ill

tosleepinclass.一般式(todo)Hepretendstobelisteningwhenasked.进行式(tobedoing)不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。Hepretendstohaveunderstoodthelesson.完成式（tohavedone)表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。想一想Hepretendstobeilltosl动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecreamiscool.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyoushoulddonowistoremembertoday’slesson.Iwantapentowritewith.Heloweredhisheadtosleep.

Heaskedhispartnernottocopythehomework.

主语

宾语表语

定语

状语

宾补动词不定式的句法功能Tohaveanicecream重点!Rememberthem!重点!Rememberthem!一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。

Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.

Tofinishtheworkinaweekisimpossible.一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinaweek.Itis/wasnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.nouse/good二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。

Seeing

is

believing.

Tosee

is

tobelieve.Itisnousecrying

overspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.注意若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。It1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hopewishwantagreepromisedemandaskrefusemanagelearndecidepretendchoosefaildareofferhelp三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝做到学会作决定不要假装在选择没敢提出来帮助三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：resist、objectto、delay、lookforwardto、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Beartheminyourmind!2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：抗议推迟盼喜报，Be四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感:

feel四看

watchsee

observe

noticeIheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswer

thequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使letmakehave如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hewasmadetodohiswork.Becareful!如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语

五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/but后接不带to

的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to

。Caihasnochoicebutto

dothehomework.Caidoesnothingbutsleepeveryday.五、介词except/but之后接不定式时，如果介六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。

Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词七、something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。1)Haveyouanythingtosend?

你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?

你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）注意比较七、something,anything,nothinTotellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.八、独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Iamnotha九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?---I’dliketobe.九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要十、固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthandoB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……十、固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+

不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。

Useyourhead!高考题回放Useyourhead!高考题回放1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate____fromyousometime.

A.tohaveheardB.tohear

C.forhearingD.hearing2.

Robertissaid___abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tobestudyingC.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying1.Mywifesaidinherletter3.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends

______averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.A.getB.gettingC.togetD.got4.Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse3.InAustraliahemadealot5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearing

D.beingheard（0.47）2007卷－95.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit7.Havingatripabroadiscer9.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep10.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having=Tohave9.____lateintheafternoon,exerciseexerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDCMyteacherwasmade_____his4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewond几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．

doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．

doingsth.记得曾经做．．．几对易混淆的词组：