初中英语语法讲解-动词

PAGEPAGE6动词一、动词的概念：表示动作、状态、行为等的词叫动词。（义动词）四大类。1.常见的连系动词主is,are),看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),become(变成),get(变得)等。如：Myfatherisadoctor.Thekitelookslikeacat.Thehamburgersmellsverydelicious.Itgetswarmerandwarmerinspring.助动词:一起构成各种时态或语态，并帮助行为动词构成否定句或疑问句。常见的助动词主要有：一般现在时态中的助动词有：dodoes。如：Idon’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.She/Hedoesn’tgotoschoolonSaturdayandSunday.DoyougotoschoolonSunday?DoesshegotoschoolonSunday?Whatdoyoudo?(6)Whatdoesshe/he现在进行时态中的助动词有：be(am,is,are)。如：Iamplayingping-pongnow.She/Heisplayingping-pong(3)Weareplayingping-pongnow.Iamnotplayingping-pongnow.She/Heisn’tplayingping-pongnow.Wearen’tplayingping-pongnow.Areyouplayingping-pongnow?Isshe/heplayingping-pongnow.Whatareyoudoingnow?Whatisshe/hedoing?一般将来时态中的助动词有：begoingtobe(am,isare),will和shall。如：Iamgoingtoswimtomorrow.She/Heisgoingtoswimtomorrow.Wearegoingtoswimtomorrow.Iamnotgoingtoswimtomorrow.She/Heisn’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.Wearen’tgoingtoswimtomorrow.Areyougoingtoswimtomorrow?Isshe/hegoingtoswimtomorrow?Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Whatisshe/hegoingtodotomorrow?Iwillswimtomorrow.Iwillnotswimtomorrow.Shallweswimtomorrow?Whatwillyoudotomorrow?一般过去时态中的助动词有：did.如：Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Didyougotoschoolyesterday?Whatdidyoudoyeaterday?情态动词这类动词表示说话人的语气和情态，虽然他们有一定的词义，是在句子中也不能单独作谓语必须和动词原形一起构成谓语变成否定句在他们后面加not, 变成疑问句把他们提到主语的前面。 常见的情态动词有：can/could(能会);可以);must(必须);will/would(愿意);shall/should(应该).如：Icanplaysoccer.MayIhelpyou?Youmustdoyouhomework(4)Wouldyouliketoplaywithus?(5)Weshouldnotbelateforschool.行为动词（实义动词）：这类动词表示动作或状态，具有实际的意义，能在句子中独立充当句子的谓语，也叫实义动词。如：say,sing,swim,help,等。三、动词的形式原形动词结尾情况原形动词结尾情况则变一般情况s,x,ch,sh,o结尾辅音字母+y结尾重读闭音节一元一辅结尾不发音的e结尾ie结尾现在时单三人称+s+esy→i,+es+s现在分词规+ing+ing+ing过去式和过去分词+ed+edy→i,+ed双写辅音字双写辅音字化不规则变化+s+shave→has；be→is母,+ing(无)母,+ed+d+d(见不规则动词变化表)（）完全不规则：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,go-went,see-saw,say-said,have-had,fly-flew,speak-spoke,buy-bought,bring-brought,think-thought,teach-taught,eat-ate,lie-lay,can-could,will-would,take-took.改变其中的元、辅音字母：give-gave,get-got,forget-forgot,come-came,run-ran,sing-sang,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,ride-rode,swim-swam，shine-shone,grow-grew,find-found,win-won,lose-lost,make-made,know-knew.原形和过去式同形：read-read,put-put,hit-hit,hurt-hurt,cost-cost四．动词时态概况一般时一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时

进行时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时

完成时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时

完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时一般时态现在do/does一般时态现在do/does过去did将来shall/willdoshould/would将来do进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态am/is/aredoinghave/hasdone have/hasbeendoingwas/weredoinghaddone hadbeendoingshall/willbe shall/willhave shall/willhavedoing done doingshould/wouldbeshould/wouldhaveshould/woulddoing done beendoing动词专项练习题一、写出下列动词的相应形式:(单三式):look- cook- listen- come- pass-brush- wash- teach- catch- go- do- cry- fly- have-写出下列行为动词的现在分词形式：look- read- listen- play- laugh- sing- ski- jump- eat- cry-fly- have- dance- make- take-come- leave- skate- run- sit- put- get- hit- swim-begin- shop- skip- c.写出下列行为动词的过去式：look- miss- play- ask- answer-arrive- live- cry- study- stop-am\is- are- do- go- have- see- buy- bring- think- teach-eat- can- give- come- swim- take- run- find- win- lose- make- sing-hurt- hit- read- put- 二、选择正确的答案：( )1.JennyandI inCanada.A.lives B.living C.live D.( )2.LiMingis toCanada.A.come B.coming C.comes D.( )3.Didyou agoodtrip?A.have B.has C.had D.having( )4.I’ll youtheroomsinmyA.showingB.toshowC.showD.shows( )5.Youcan_ yourhandsinthebathroom.A.washes B.washed C.wash D.( )6.Please methepeas.A.passing B.topass C.pass D.( )7.JennyandDannywant TV.A.towatch B.watching C.watches D.( )8.Jennyusually asandwichforlunch.A.eat B.ate C.eats D.( )9.Howmanylines atriangle?A.make B.makes C.making D.( )10.Let’s atriangleforalways.A.putting B.puts C.put D.to( )11.Ilike inthesun.A.sit B.tosit C.sits D.( )12.Onaholiday,people walk.A.doesn’t B.don’t C.aren’t D.isn’t( )13.Jenny _aChristmastreetoschoolyesterday.A.bring B.brings C.brought D.is( )14.Iamgoing toschool.A.walk B.towalk C.walking D.walks( )15.Wouldyoulike _toplayping-pong.A.learning B.learn C.tolearn D.( )16.Iam theballtoJenny.A.hitting B.hit C.hits D.hiting( )17.Theyusually eachotherasport.A.teachingB.toughtC.teachD.teaches( )18.He basketballforfunonSunday.A.playsB.playC.playingD.played( )19.Everyone _tobestrongandhealthy.A.wanted B.wants C.want D.( )20.Iseesomepeople kites.A.fly B.flying C.tofly D.( )21.Who Bob?A.is B.am C.are D.be( )22.Canyoufindsomepeople cards?A.playing B.play C.played D.plays( )23.Howoften theyeatbreakfastlastweek?A.doesB.doC.didD.doing( )24.Beforebreakfasthe hishands.A.wash B.washes C.towash D.( )25.Jennyis up.A.wake B.towake C.waking D.( )26.SaturdayandSunday different.A.is B.am C.are D.be( )27.Goodfood yourbodyhealthy.A.make B.makes C.tomade D.( )28.Let’sseehowoftenDanny_ vegetables.A.eats B.eat C.ate D.( )29.Lastsummer,we toalake.A.go B.goes C.went D.( )30.Iwill Canada.A.miss B.mi