【名师指津】高中英语 U4 the science of the stars 必修3

Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars基础知识自测一、单词识记1._____________n.天文学家2._____________pron，n.&adj.十亿3._____________adj.猛烈的，强暴的4._____________n.大气层；气氛5._____________n.恐龙6._____________adv.因此；于是astronomerbillionviolentatmospheredinosaurthus7._____________n.卫星；人造卫星8._____________n.气候9._____________n.宇宙飞船10.____________v.减少，减轻11.religionn.___________________12.theoryn.___________________13.globen.___________________球体；地球仪；地球satelliteclimatespaceshiplessen宗教，宗教信仰学说，理论14.fundamentaladj.________________15.multiplyv.________________16.oxygenn.________________17.gravityn.________________18.extinctadj.________________19.crashv.________________20.cabinn.________________小屋；船舱基本的；基础的乘；增加氧气万有引力；重力灭绝的；绝种的碰撞；坠落二、词汇拓展__________n.猛烈，暴力(行为)__________adv.猛烈地⑴Hisheartbeats__________(violent).

⑵Notafew__________(violence)sceneswerecutfromthefilmbeforeitcametoshow.1.violentadj.猛烈的，激烈的，强暴的violenceviolentlyviolentlyviolent2.unlikeprep.不像，和……不同___________prep.像，如同

___________adj.可能的

___________adj.不太可能的

___________adj.相似的，同样的alikelikelikelyunlikely⑴Asisterisafriend_________(like)anyother.Insomeway，she’slikeamother.Shelistenstoyourproblemsandgivesgoodadvice.

⑵Helikescatsbut__________(like)dogs.unlikedislikes___________adj.目前的，出席的v.赠送

______________n.介绍，呈现，演出

___________［反义］n.缺席3.presencen.出席；到场；存在absencepresentpresentation⑴Everyone___________(presence)atthemeetingwaspleasedatthe_________(present)ofthegeneralmanager.

⑵Withlotsofproblemsunsettled，theyareverybusy____present.presentpresenceat_____________n.&v.伤害，损害

______________adj.无害的，无恶意的

_____________________［搭配］对……有害的

______________________［搭配］损害,伤害某人______________［反义］adj.有益的4.harmfuladj.有害的beneficialharmharmlessbeharmfultodosb.harm/doharmtosbAsweallknow，smokingis⑴_______(harm)toourhealth.That’stosay，itdoesharm⑵____ourhealth.Therefore，weshouldn’tsmokebuttodosomethingthatis⑶___________(harm)toourhealth.harmlessharmfulto5.developvt.发展，发达，开发vi.发展，生长____________n.发展，进展，开发

____________adj.发展中的

____________adj.发达的

__________________________________［搭配］随着……的发展as...develop/withthedevelopmentof....developmentdevelopingdeveloped⑴Astheindustrydevelops，the_______(develop)countriesaresurprisedatthequick___________(develop)ofthedevelopedcountries.

⑵______________________________________________________(随着经济的发展)，peopleareleadingabetterandbetterlife.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy/Aseconomydevelopsdevelopingdevelopment6.reactionn.反应，回应____________vi.起反应，起作用，有影响

____________［搭配］对……反应reactreactto...⑴Allherfriendswerequicktoreacttohersuddenchangewhileherparentsshowedno_________.(react)⑵Howdidhereact_____thenewsthattheirteamwon?toreaction三、词组互译1.及时;终于__________________2.轮到某人;接着__________________3.阻止;制止__________________4.感到高兴;感到兴奋__________________5.既然__________________6.爆发;突发__________________7.密切注视;当心;提防__________________watchoutintimeinone’sturnprevent...from(doing)...cheerupnowthatbreakout8.依赖；依靠______________________9.四面八方______________________10.摔倒；跌倒______________________11.layeggs______________________12.givebirthto______________________13.blockout______________________14getthehangof______________________15.cooldown______________________冷却下来dependoninalldirectionsfallover下蛋产生，分娩挡住(光线)掌握，熟悉；理解四、词组运用1.Oneday，whenabigfire__________(发生)inatallbuilding，peoplelivingtherelosttheirheadsandran________________(四方奔逃).2.Someofthem________________(不当心)forthestairsandeven_________(摔倒).3.Luckily，thefiremenarrived_________(及时)imebrokeoutinalldirectionsdidn’twatchoutfellover4.They______________________(使人们冷静下来)andsoon______________(熟悉,弄清)thesituation.5.______________(依靠,凭借)theirfirecontrolknowledge，thefiremenquickly__________________________________(阻止了火势的蔓延).6.Then，they_________________(接着)tosavethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthebigfire.wereintheirturncooledthepeopledowngotthehangofDependingonthefirefromspreadingprevented7._______________(由于)theirhelp，thefire______________(没有伤害到)thepeople.8.Eventhosewhoaregoingto_____________(产生,分娩)ababydidn’tgetburnt.9._________(既然)nobodywasbadlyhurtinthefire，peoplebeganto_________(感到振奋)abit.cheerupAsaresultofdidnoharmtogivebirthtoNowthat五、课文填空Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，itbegan1______a“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，2_________(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayed3_____thesurface.withmakingonItwasthepresenceofwater4______allowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,5_____madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andthe6_____________(appear)ofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.appearancethatwhichNext，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.7______werefollowedbylandanimals.Later，reptilesappearedforthefirsttime，afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.8__________，theysuddenlydisappeared.Therefore，mammalsroseontheearth.Finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.TheyHoweverHowever，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohottoliveon.So9__________lifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10____________(solve).whetherbesolved六、语法专练1.________youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.2.__________themanagerwillattendthemeetingtomorrowisnotknown.3.______causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.WhatWhetherWhat4.Itisafact________Englishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.5.Parentsshouldknow______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.howthat掌握重要考点核心单词1.existvi存在；生存，生活，继续存在派生：existencen.存在existentadj.存在的existin存在于……中existon=liveon靠……生活existas作为……而存在，以……形态存在⑴Theycannotexist______themoneyhe’searning.

⑵Mattercanexist__asolid，liquid，orgas.

⑶Wecan’texistwithoutwater.Thatmeansour___________(exist)dependsonwater.运用：用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。existenceonasbepuzzledby被……迷惑beinapuzzle(about)(对……)不知如何是好beapuzzletosb对某人来说是个谜2.puzzlen.迷；难题v.(使)迷惑；(使)为难派生：puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.(人感到)困惑的⑴Herdecisionwasapuzzle____him.

⑵Hisrecentbehavior______________(使我迷惑不解).

⑶Hisanswersounds________(puzzle)andweareall___________(puzzle).运用：用适当的词填空或根据提示完成句子。puzzledtopuzzlesmepuzzling重要词组1.intime迟早(soonerorlater)，最后(eventually)；及时(=earlyorsoonenough)⑴他应当可以及时到达那里。Youshouldbeableto___________________.

⑵总有一天我会遇见她。I’ll_____________________________.运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。seeherintimegetthereintime⑴她生了双胞胎。She____________________lastnight.⑵这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新一部小说的诞生。Theextraordinaryexperience__________________________________.2.givebirthtovt.产生，分娩，引起，造成运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。tohislatestnovelgavebirthtotwinsgavebirth用法：在主动语态的句子中，stop和prevent后的from可省略，但keep后的from不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语的from均不可省略。3.prevent/stop/keep...from阻止；制止⑴雨使我们不能踢足球了。Therain_______________________________.

⑵人们采取行动，防止了环境的恶化。Peopletookmeasuresandthus_______________________________________.运用：根据汉语提示完成句子。environmentfromgettingworsepreventedusfromplayingfootballpreventedthe4.cheerup(使)高兴起来，振奋起来⑴这消息使他高兴起来。Thenews___________________.

⑵振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。______________!Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover.运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。Cheerupcheeredhimup⑴既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。_____________________，youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.

⑵既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。Yououghttohaveagoodrest________________________________.5.nowthat由于，既然(=since)运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。you’vefinishedtheworkNowthatyougrowupnowthat⑴夜间突然发生了火灾。Afire______________duringthenight.⑵第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。WorldWarII_______________________.6.breakout(战争、火灾等不愉快之事)突然发生，爆发运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。brokeoutin1939brokeout⑴当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。______________!Don’tdirtythepaperonthedesk.

⑵我们必须小心公共汽车上的小偷。Wemust_____________thethievesonthebus.7.watchout注意，当心(单独用于祈使句)watchoutfor密切注意，留意；提防运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。watchoutforWatchout佳句诵写1.原句：Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.(L18，P26)水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。句型：Itisobviousthat...显然……⑴很显然他得了重感冒。________________heissufferingfromabadcold.

⑵显然老师已经原谅了他所做的一切。__________________theteacherhasforgivenhimforwhathehasdone.

⑶很明显他昨天没有说实话。________________________________________yesterday.仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。Itwasobviousthathedidn’ttellthetruthItisobviousthatItisobviousthat2.原句：Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(L25，P26.)这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句型：makeit+adj.+forsb.todo使某人做某事……说明：it是形式宾语，forsb.todo是真正的宾语。⑴因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间从其他国家获得更多的信息。TheInternethas____________________________________fromothercountriesinmuchlesstime.

⑵这本书使我学习英语容易多了。Thebook_________________________English.

⑶这场雨使我们走远路很困难。Therain____________________________longdistances.仿写：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。madeitdifficultforustowalkmadeitpossibleforustogetmoremakesiteasyformetolearninformation3.原句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(L1，P31)句型：notas/so...as...不如/不像……⑴这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。Thisdictionaryis___________________________.

⑵他不像看上去那样老。_____________________helooks.

⑶根据调查，大部分女生不像男生一样对足球感兴趣。Accordingtothesurvey，___________________________________________________.仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。interestedinfootballasboysarenotas/sousefulasyouthinkHeisn’tasoldasmostgirlsarenotas轻松走近高考一、完形填空本文主要介绍美国宇航局在1978年开始培训女性宇航员，以及JudyResnick和ChristaMcAuliffe两位女性宇航员的一些情况和他们在1984年入选参加太空旅行的过程。1.A。由下文andintheend...可知。2.D。由下文againsthavingwomeninspace可知，不少人抵制，反抗妇女参加到太空探索队伍当中。3.C。由上文somepeopleagainsthavingwomeninspace到后来的In1978，NASAbeganthefirsttrainingprogrammeforwomenastronauts可以得知妇女成功地加入到了这一行列中。4.A。...werebothastronautsandtheywerebothwomen，but...之前讲的是相同点，but转折之后当然是different5.B。从上文的thefirstgroupofwomen当中挑选人来进行培训。6.C。由下文的hiswholelife和她后来的事