【知识解析】Unit 3 Vocabulary Learning 全省一等奖

VocabularyLearning—dozensof【基本用法】dozensof后面接可数名词的复数形式，表示泛指，意思是“许多；很多”。Wehavedozensofthingstodonow. 我们现在有很多事要做。Shehasappearedindozensoffilms. 她拍过许多影片。Dozensofdoctorsandnurseshavebeenworkingdayandnightforweeks.很多医生和护士已经夜以继日地工作数周了。dozensof许多；很多【拓展】Adozenof的意思是“十二个，一打”，后面接代词或名词，后接名词时，of可省略。Thereareadozenofpencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一打铅笔。Iboughtadozeneggsandeveryoneofthemwasbad.我买了一打鸡蛋，个个都是坏的。VocabularyLearning—ecology【释义】n.therelationofplantsandlivingcreaturestoeachotherandtotheirenvironment,thestudyofthis生态，生态学【例句】Tokeepecologyinbalanceisourduty.保持生态平衡是我们的职责。Shestudiesecologyintheuniversity.她在大学学习生态学。【同根词】ecologicaladj.生态的ecologistn.生态学家【拓展】-logy是最常用的术语后缀之一。-logy的主要意思是thedoctrine，studyorscienceofsth.（……论，……学，……科），被用作派生后缀，加在名词上，构成科学术语。theologyn.神学theo=God神geologyn.地质学geo=Earth地球ecology/iˈkɒlədʒi/VocabularyLearning—frequently【释义】adv.often频繁地，经常【例句】Hecomestovisitmefrequently.他经常来看我。Iworkoutfrequentlytokeepfit.我经常做运动以保持健康。【同根词】frequentadj.频繁的，时常发生的【词语辨析】always,often,usually,frequentlyalways总是，永远，语气最强，指在一切时候，没有例外；often经常，语气弱于always，侧重动作发生的次数具有经常性，具体时间意味不强；usually通常，通例地，指习惯性动作，频度仅次于always，较often大，偶尔有间隔；frequently时常，经常，与often同义，可通用，但较正式，强调次数频繁。frequently/ˈfriːkwəntli/VocabularyLearning—inspection【释义】n.theactoflookingcloselyatsth./sb.,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe检查，查看；anofficialvisittoaschool,factory,etc.inordertocheckthatrulesarebeingobeyedandthatstandardsareacceptable视察【例句】Thedocumentsareavailableforinspection.这些文件可供查看。Hemadeaninspectionoftheschool.他视察了这所学校。【同根词】inspectv.检查，视察inspectorn.检察员，视察员【近义词】examinationn.检查checkingn.检查inspection/ɪnˈspekʃn/VocabularyLearning—onbehalfof【基本用法】onbehalfof，是一个介词短语，后面接名词或名词性短语，意思是“代表（代替）某人”。OnbehalfofthedepartmentIwouldliketothankyouall.我谨代表本部门感谢大家。OnbehalfofmycolleaguesandmyselfIthankyou.我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。Onbehalfofeveryonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.我代表这里的每一个人，祝你们回国旅途愉快。onbehalfof代表（代替）某人【拓展】standfor与onbehalfof的含义相似，意思是“代表（观点或含义）”，在句子中作动词。TheystandforhappinessandgoodluckinChina.在中国，它们代表着幸福和好运。WhatdoesEUstandfor?EU代表什么？VocabularyLearning—reform【释义】v.toimproveasystem,anorganization,alaw,etc.bymakingchangestoit改革，改进，改良；toimproveone’sbehaviour（使）改正，改造（行为）n.changethatismadetoasocialsystem,anorganization,etc.inordertoimproveorcorrectit改革，变革，改良【例句】Thelawneedstobereformed.法律需要进行改革。Hespentyearstryingtoreformtheworld.他花了多年时间，力图改变世界。【常用搭配】[reformandopening-up]Withthedeepeningofreformandopening-up,theeconomyofChinahasdevelopedrapidly.随着改革开放的深化，中国的经济有了迅猛的发展。reform/rɪˈfɔːm/VocabularyLearning—release【释义】v.to

let

someoneorsomethinggo

free,afterhavingkeptthemsomewhere释放；排放；tomakea

CD,

filmetc

available

forpeopleto

buy

orsee首映（电影）发行（CD、书等）n.

anewCD,film,computergameetcthatisavailabletobuyorsee发行，发布【例句】Afterthetrainerwassurethatthewhalecouldlookafteritself,hereleaseditintothesea.训练员确信那条鲸鱼可以自己照顾自己后，他把它放回大海。ThesoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.该软件计划于四月份发布。【常用搭配】[+sb.fromsth.]Hewasreleasedfromthehospitalyesterday.他昨天出院了。release/rɪˈliːs/VocabularyLearning—restore【释义】v.tomakesomethingreturntoitsformerstateorcondition使恢复torepairanoldbuilding,pieceoffurniture,orpaintingetcsothatitisinitsoriginalcondition修复（旧建筑、旧家具、旧画等）【例句】Thegovernmentpromisestorestoretheeconomytofullstrength.政府承诺使经济完全复苏。Thechurchwascarefullyrestoredafterthewar.战后教堂得到精心的修复。【常用搭配】[restoresth.tosth.]ShewashopingthattheMediterraneanclimatewouldrestorehertofullhealth.她希望地中海的气候能使她的身体完全复原。【同义词】repairv.修复【同根词】restorationn.恢复，修复restore/ri'stɔ:/VocabularyLearning—restrict【释义】v.tolimitthesize,amountorrangeofsth.限制，限定；tostopsb./sth.frommovingoractingfreely束缚，妨碍，阻碍【例句】Irestrictmyselftosmokingtwocigarettesaday.我限定自己每天只抽两支烟。Thelongskirtrestrictedhermovements.长裙妨碍了她的行动。【同根词】restrictionn.限制，约束，束缚restrictiveadj.限制性的，约束性的【词语辨析】limit,restrict这组词都有“限制，限定”的意思，其区别是：limit一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限，一旦超越限度，就会造成不良结果。当然也可指不事先规定，自然的或固有的界限。restrict指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内。restrict/rɪˈstrɪkt/VocabularyLearning—starve【释义】v.tosufferordiebecauseonedonothaveenoughfoodtoeat,tomakesb.sufferordieinthisway（使）挨饿，饿死【例句】Theywouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind.如果很难找到食物，他们就会挨饿。Withoutbees,humanswouldstarve.没有蜜蜂，人类将饿死。【同根词】starvingadj.饥饿的，挨饿的【常用搭配】[starvetodeath]Theexplorersstarvedtodeathinthedesert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。[bestarvedfor]Thefamilywasstarvedforfoodandwater.这家人急需食物和水。starve/stɑːv/VocabularyLearning—sensitive【释义】adj.awareofandabletounderstandotherpeopleandtheirfeelings善解人意的；easilyworriedoroffended敏感的【例句】Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.她很能体谅他人的感情。Youngpeopleareverysensitiveabouttheirappearance.

年轻人对自己的外貌很敏感。【同根词】sensibleadj.明智的，理智的；sensitivityn.敏感，敏感性【常用搭配】[besensitiveto]She’sverysensitive

toherpupils’needforencouragementandknowswhentopraisethem.她很能体察学生需要鼓励的心情，并且知道该在什么时候表扬他们。sensitive/ˈsensətɪv/VocabularyLearning—submit【释义】v.togiveadocument,proposal,etc.tosb.inauthoritysothattheycanstudyorconsiderit提交，呈递（文件、建议等）；toaccepttheauthority,controlorgreaterstrengthofsb./sth.顺从，屈服【例句】Thesecretarysubmittedareportofthelastmeeting.秘书递交了一份关于上次会议的报告。Hewaslosingthefightbuthewouldnotsubmit.他败了，但却没有屈服。【同根词】submissiveadj.顺从的，服从的【词语辨析】obey,submitobey一般用词，指服从或接受某种权威，或遵循某种原则而行事。submit指顺从或屈服于自己不能进一步抵制或抵抗的人或事物。submit/səbˈmɪt/VocabularyLearning—sustain【释义】v.toprovideenoughofwhatsb./sth.needsinordertoliveorexist维持（生命、生存）；toexperiencesth.bad遭受，蒙受；tosupportaweightwithoutbreakingorfalling支撑，承受住【例句】Theyhadsufficientfoodtosustainlife.他们有足够维持生命的食物。Theicewillnotsusta