中山大学国际翻译学院《646综合英语》历年考研真题及详解

目录

2008年中山大学国际翻译学院874综合英语考研真题及详解

2009年中山大学国际翻译学院633综合英语考研真题及详解

2014年中山大学国际翻译学院651综合英语考研真题及详解

2015年中山大学国际翻译学院651综合英语考研真题及详解

2016年中山大学国际翻译学院648综合英语考研真题及详解

2017年中山大学国际翻译学院646综合英语考研真题及详解

2018年中山大学国际翻译学院646综合英语考研真题及详解

2008年中山大学国际翻译学院874

综合英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Passage1

“Anyhow,yearsagoHuysmangotinterestedinthestudyofidentical

twins.Hedidsomeimportantwork,goodresearch.Thereareanomaliesin

twinbehaviorthathavenotyettobeunderstoodcompletely.Iftheyare

separatedatbirthandraisedseparately,thereareoftensimilaritiesintheir

livesthatarehardtounderstand.Forinstance,sayCarolandKarenareborn

inNewYorkandKarenistakenafewmonthslatertogrowupinCalifornia.

TheybothmarryamannamedGeorgeonaJunedayinthesameyearatthe

sametime.Theybothhavetwosonsbornatthesametime.Theyhavethe

sameillnessesandthesameaccidents.Andsoon.Thisisrepeatedoverand

over.Theydon’tknowabouteachother,don’tknowtheyaretwins.Infact,

whentwinsareraisedtogetherthispatternislesslikelytooccur.”

Drewfeltataloss.“Theremustbesomereason.Imean,itisn’tjust

CarolandKaren.It’salsotheGeorgesandthepeopledrivingtheothercars

involvedwiththeiraccidents.Ornotclearingsnowofftheirsidewalks,

whatevertheaccidentsare.Infact,it’slikeaninfiniteregressionofwhatitis.

Youknow,thewhatifIhadn’tbeenonthatcorneratthetimeyoucameout,

we’dneverhavemet.Andsoon,backthroughtheirentirelives.”

1.Thebestmeaningfortheword“anomalies”asitisusedinthis

contextis_____.

A.irregularities

B.discoveries

C.illnesses

D.accidents

2.Theauthorhelpsthereaderunderstandthemeaningoftheword

“pattern”bydoingwhichofthefollowingthings?

A.Theauthordefinesthewordinthenextparagraph.

B.Theauthorgivesexamplesoftwinsraisedtogetherbeforeusingthe

word.

C.Theauthorgivesexamplesofidenticaltwins,whoareraisedapart

butrepeatedlyactalike.

D.Theauthorsaysthattwinscanberaisedapart.

3.Thebestmeaningfortheword“regression”asitisusedinthis

contextis_____.

A.forwardmovement

B.backwardmovement

C.absenceofmovement

D.circularmovement

4.Theexcerptreferstowhichtwopeopleasidenticaltwins?

A.KarenandJune.

B.KarenandCarol.

C.CarolandJune.

D.GeorgeandKaren.

5.Theexcerptstatesthatwhentwinsareraisedtogethertheyaremore

likelyto_____.

A.followsimilarpatterns

B.marrypeoplewiththesamenamesatthesametime

C.havetwomalechildren

D.followdifferentpatterns

【答案与解析】

1.A这里的“anomaliesintwinbehavior”指后文所举的例子，即某些

尚未被弄清楚原因的双胞胎行为的异常现象。因此anomalies与

irregularities意思相近。

2.C前文提到了两个分开长大，但是行为相同的双胞胎的例子，这

也正是pattern的内容。

3.BDrew认为这种现象是许多“whatif”的无限回归，因此regression

指backwardmovement。

4.B由第一段可知，这对双胞胎是CarolandKaren。

5.D第一段最后一句提到“whentwinsareraisedtogetherthispattern

islesslikelytooccur”，由此可见一起长大的双胞胎会遵循不同的模式。

Passage2

WhenAmericanMovieClassicsfirstappearedoncabletelevision

networksinlate1984,peoplescoffedattheidea.Achannelshowingold

black-and-whitemovies,aroundtheclock,won’tlastlong,cable

programmerspredicted.

AMChasprovedthemverywrong.Itsaudienceforfilmsofthe1930’s,

40’sand50’sisnotonlysubstantialbutunusuallydedicated,withcable-

systemoperatorsconsistentlyidentifyingAMCasoneoftheirviewers’

favoritechannels.

SosuccessfulisAMCthatnowaseriouscompetitorforthatfilm-loving

audiencehasrisen.Therival,TurnerClassicMovies,whichbeganalmosta

yearago,hasbyallaccountstheworld’sbestclassicfilmlibrary.Thismonth

alone,inasalutetotheAcademyAwards,TCMisshowingnothingbut

movieswithOscarwinnersorOscarnominees,24hoursaday,allmonth—

325filmsinall.

ButTCMalsohasamajorproblem:itbeamsintoonly3millionhomes

nationwide,mainlythosewithsatellite-dishreception.AMC,bycontrast,

reaches54millionhouseholds,practicallyasmanyasCNN.

Turnerhasthemovies;AMChastheviewers.Thequestioniswhether

theirroleswillreverse,onceTCMbecomesmorewidelyavailable,because

ofthedifferenceinhowtheyacquiretheirmovies.AMCownsnoneofthe

filmsitshows,whileTurnerownsmorethan3,300.Addingmoviesavailable

toeachchannelthroughlicensingagreementswiththestudiosthatownthe

films,and,inthecourseofayear,Turnerprogrammershaveaccessto

between4,500and5,000movies,whileAMCprogrammerscanchoosefrom

1,000atmost.ManyonAMCarerepeated,oftenonthesameday.

Still,mostofAMC’slicensingagreementsruntotheyear2008,andits

executivevicepresidentandgeneralmanager,KateMcEnroe,saysthereare

enoughmoviesavailablenow“forseveralnetworks.”Shealsoarguesthat

quality,notquantity,istheissue.“Wecherry-pickthebestfromallthe

studios,”shesaid.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theinitialresponsetoAmericanMovie

Classicwas_____.

A.enthusiastic

B.frightened

C.doubtful

D.excited

7.TheauthorimpliesthatAMCismoresuccessfulthanTCMbecause

_____.

A.itbroadcastsabetterselectionoffilms

B.itreachesalargernumberofhouseholds

C.TCMdoesn’tknowhowtoadvertise

D.itbeganbroadcastingbeforeTCM

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcomparedbytheauthor?

A.Numberofhouseholdsbroadcastto.

B.Movieinventories.

C.Leaseswithstudios.

D.Qualityofmoviesshown.

9.ItcanbeconcludedthatifTCMweretoincreaseitsbroadcastingarea

_____.

A.itwouldtakealargenumberofAMCviewers

B.itwouldstillbelesspopularthanAMC

C.itwouldloseitspresentviewers

D.itcouldonlyshowfilmswithOscarwinners

10.IfAMCweretobeginleasingandbuyingalargeselectionoffilms,

itcould_____.

A.continueitshabitofrepeatingfilmsonthesameday

B.loseitsaudiencetoTCM

C.becomeeventoughercompetitionforTCM

D.decreasesthenumberofhouseholdsitbroadcaststo

【答案与解析】

6.C由第一句中“peoplescoffedattheidea”可知，人们对这个想法并

不看好。

7.B由第四段可知，TCM的缺点在于覆盖的用户数量少，而AMC

覆盖用户的数量几乎与CNN同样多。

8.D第四段中比较了二者的用户覆盖数量，倒数第二段比较了二者

的电影数量，倒数第二段和最后一段比较了二者与电视频道的协议，因

此并没有比较二者放映电影的质量。

9.A由第三段和第四段可知，TCM的电影质量很高，但是缺点在于

覆盖用户少，因此如果其能增加覆盖面积，将会吸引大量AMC的观

众。

10.C由倒数第二段中“AMCprogrammerscanchoosefrom1,000at

most.ManyonAMCarerepeated,oftenonthesameday”可知，AMC的缺

点在于电影数量少，因此如果其增加电影数量，将会增加竞争力。

Passage3

Evenbeforetherewerepeople,therewerecasesofairpollution.

Volcanoeserupted,spewingashandpoisonousgasesintotheatmosphere.

Therewereduststorms.Gasescollectedovermarshes.Whenpeople

appearedonthesceneandbegantheirconquestofnature,theyalsobeganto

pollutetheair.Theyclearedland,whichmadepossibleeverlargerdust

storms.Theybuiltcities,andthehorriblesmellfromtheirwastefilledtheair.

TheRomanauthorSenecawroteinA.D.61ofthe“stink,sootandheavyair”

oftheimperialcity.In1257,theQueenofEnglandwasforcedtomoveaway

fromthecityofNottinghambecausetheheavysmokewasunendurable.

Theindustrialrevolutionbroughtevenworseairpollution.Coalwas

burnedtopowerfactoriesandtoheathomes.Blackpowder,smoke,and

sulfurdioxidefilledtheair.Thegoodolddays?Notinthefactorytowns.But

therewerelargeruralareasunaffectedbyairpollution.

Withincreasingpopulation,theentireworldisbecomingmoreurban.It

isthehugemegalopolisesthataremostaffectedbyairpollution.Butrural

areasarenotunaffected.Intheneighborhoodsaroundsmokyfactories,there

isevidenceofincreasedratesofspontaneousabortionandofpoorwool

qualityinsheep,decreasedeggproductionandhighmortalityinchickens,

andincreasedfoodandcarerequiredforcattle.ThegiantPonderosapinesare

dyingoverahundredmilesfromthesmog-plaguedLosAngelesbasin.

OrbitingastronautsvisuallytraceddriftingblobsofLosAngelessmogasfar

eastaswesternColorado.Otherastronauts,over100kilometersup,wereable

toseetheplumesofsmokefromtheFourCornerspowerplantnear

Farmington,NewMexico.Thiswastheonlyevidencefromthatdistancethat

Earthisinhabited.

TrafficpoliceinTokyohavetoweargasmasksandtake“oxygen

breaks”—breathingoccasionallyfromtanksofoxygen.SmoginAthensat

timeshasforcedfactoryclosingsandtrafficrestrictions.AcidraininCanada

isspawnedbyairpollutionintheUnitedStates,contributingtostrained

relationshipsbetweenthetwocountries.Sydney,Rome,Tehran,Ankara,

MexicoCity,andmostothermajorcitiesintheworldhavehadfrightening

episodesofairpollution.

11.Thepassageimpliesthatairpollution_____.

A.wasoriginallycausedbytheindustrialrevolution

B.affectsonlyurbanareas

C.hasnaturalaswellasmanmadecauses

D.seriouslyaffectsthenervoussystemsofbothpeopleandanimals

12.TheauthorusesboththeRomanauthorSenecaandtheQueenof

England(paragraph1)asevidencethat_____.

A.civilizationhasnecessarilycausedairpollution

B.airpollutionwasn’ttootroublesomeinearlycities

C.urbanairpollutionisnotjustamodernproblem

D.recently,thelevelofairpollutionhasrisendramatically

13.Theorbitingastronautsarediscussedbytheauthor(paragraph3)in

orderto_____.

A.demonstratetheincreasedurbanizationofmoderncivilization

B.provethatairpollutionisaninevitableconsequenceofhuman

progress

C.supporttheclaimthatpollutionhasbecomethedefining

characteristicofmodernsociety

D.provideevidencethatpollutionisnolongerrestrictedtourbanareas

14.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatairpollutioncausesallthe

followingEXCEPT_____.

A.difficultiesininternationalrelations

B.highlevelsoflungdisease

C.otherwiseunnecessaryclosingsofbusiness

D.changesinworkhabits

15.Theevidenceofpollutionofferedinthepassageprovidessupportfor

whichoneofthefollowingclaims?

A.Ifsocietycontinuesalongthesamepathofdevelopment,airpollution

willmostlikelycontinuetoincrease.

B.Ifnothingisdonetocontrolairpollution,civilizationwilleventually

destroybothitselfanditsenvironment.

C.Unlesssocietydecentralizesitsmajorurbanregions,theseareaswill

becomeuninhabitable.

D.Ifallthemajorindustrializednationscannotagreetocontrol

pollution,nonewillbeabletosucceed.

【答案与解析】

11.C由第一段中“Evenbeforetherewerepeople,therewerecasesof

airpollution…Whenpeopleappearedonthesceneandbegantheirconquest

ofnature,theyalsobegantopollutetheair”可知，自然中本来就有污染环

境的自然现象，人类出现后也开始污染环境。

12.C这两个例子是关于工业革命发生之前，人类活动对于环境的

污染，后文介绍了工业革命之后的情况，由此可见环境污染并不是现代

社会所独有的。

13.D第三段中提出“Butruralareasarenotunaffected”，后面举了一

系列例子来说明这一观点，其中包括宇航员的例子。

14.B最后一段提到，东京的交警在工作时要带上防毒面罩，雅典

的一些工厂在雾霾严重时需要关闭，美国造成的空气污染使其与加拿大

之间的关系紧张，因此并没有提到肺病。

15.B文章中的例子表明，污染对于人类和自然环境均产生了很大

的不良影响，因此如果不采取措施控制污染，人类和环境终将毁灭。

Passage4

WhenyoufastsawapieceofAfricanart,itimpressedyouasaunit;you

didnotseeitasacollectionofshapesorforms.This,ofcourse,meansthat

theshapesandvolumeswithinthesculpturewerecoordinatedsosuccessfully

thattheviewerwasaffectedemotionally.

Itisentirelyvalidtoaskhow,fromapurelyartisticpointofview,this

unitywasachieved.Andwemustalsoinquirewhetherthereisarecurrent

patternofrulesoraplasticlanguageandvocabularywhichisresponsiblefor

thepowerfulcommunicationofemotionwhichthebestAfricansculpture

achieves.Ifthereissuchapatternorrules,aretheserulesapplied

consciouslyorinstinctivelytoobtainsomanyworksofsuchhighartistic

quality?

Itisobviousfromthestudyofarthistorythatanintenseandunified

emotionalexperience,whenexpressedinartform,gavegreatunity,

coherence,andpowertoart.Butsuchanintegratedfeelingwasonlythe

inspirationalelementfortheartist,onlythestartingpointofthecreativeart.

Theexpressionofthisemotionanditsrealizationintheworkcouldbedone

onlywithdisciplineandthoroughknowledgeofthecraft.AndtheAfrican

sculptorwasahighlytrainedworkman.Hestartedhisapprenticeshipwitha

masterwhenachild,andhelearnedthetribalstylesandtheuseoftoolsand

thenatureofwoodssothoroughlythathiscarvingbecamewhatBoascalls

“motoraction.”Hecarvedautomaticallyandinstinctively.

TheAfricancarverfollowedhisruleswithoutthinkingofthem;indeed,

theyneverseemtohavebeenformulatedinwords.Butsuchrulesexisted,for

accidentandcoincidencecannotexplainthecommonplasticlanguageof

Africansculpture.Thereistoogreataconsistencyfromoneworktoanother.

Yet,althoughtheAfrican,withamazinginsightintoart,usedrules,Iam

certainthathewasnotconsciousofthem.Thisisthegreatmysteryofsucha

traditionalart:talent,ortheabilitycertainpeoplehave,withoutconscious

effort,tofollowtheruleswhichlatertheanalystcandiscoveronlyfromthe

workofartwhichhasalreadybeencreated.

Note:plasticlanguage:languageofsculpture

16.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthesuccessofAfricanart?

A.Acollectionofshapesorforms.

B.Theemotionalexperiencesoftheviewer.

C.Asetofrulesforcommunicatingemotions.

D.Theunityachievedbetweenshapesandvolumes.

17.Fromthethirdparagraphwelearnthat_____.

A.artisticinspirationcomesfromintenseandunifiedemotional

experience

B.thestartingpointofartislinkedwithunityandcoherence

C.theartistexpresseshisemotionwithdiscipline

D.artformsarerealizedbymotoraction

18.WhichofthefollowingdidNOTleadto“motoraction”ofthe

Africansculptor?

A.Hefollowedamasteratanearlyage.

B.Herecitedasetofunifiedrules.

C.Heacquiredthoroughknowledgeofthecraft.

D.Hewasfamiliarwiththecarvingmaterials.

19.ThegreatmysteryofAfricanartliesinthefactthat_____.

A.thesculptorcombinedtheruleswiththeplasticlanguageofsculpture

B.theruleswereformulatedbyaccident

C.thesculptordevelopedgreatinsightintoart

D.consistencywasachievedwithoutconsciouseffort

20.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A.TheAchievementsofAfricanArt

B.EmotioninAfricanSculpture

C.UnityinAfricanArt

D.TheMysteryofTraditionalArt

【答案与解析】

16.D由第一段“theshapesandvolumeswithinthesculpturewere

coordinatedsosuccessfullythattheviewerwasaffectedemotionally”可知，

雕塑形状与体积的统一十分完美，使人们产生了情感共鸣。

17.A根据“suchanintegratedfeelingwasonlytheinspirationalelement

fortheartist”可知，艺术灵感来源于强烈而统一的情感体验。

18.B由第三段中“Hestartedhisapprenticeshipwithamasterwhena

child,andhelearnedthetribalstylesandtheuseoftoolsandthenatureof

woodssothoroughly…Hecarvedautomaticallyandinstinctively”可知，B项

并不是导致motoraction的原因。

19.D最后一段对这种神秘之处的解释是“talent,ortheabilitycertain

peoplehave,withoutconsciouseffort,tofollowtheruleswhich…”。

20.D文章讨论了非洲雕塑中的unity，并指出其形成于雕刻师雕刻

过程中无意识的努力。

Ⅱ.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.(10%)

1.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,newthinkingaboutsymbolismandthe

unconsciousweregreatlyinspiredbythewritingsofSigmundFreudandCarl

Jung.

【答案】were→was

【解析】句子的主语为thinking，因此be动词要用单数。

2.Ifhebeganearlier,hemighthavesucceededinfinishingthe

extremelycomplexprojectbeforethedeadline.

【答案】began→hadbegun

【解析】if从句与过去事实相反，因此应该用haddone形式。

3.Theboardreviewedthecoursesofferedbythecollegefoundthatthe

qualityofacademicprogramswasgenerallygoodbutsomewhatuneven.

【答案】reviewed→reviewing

【解析】“reviewingthecoursesofferedbythecollege”为board的定

语，review与board之间为主动关系，因此用reviewing。

4.Accordingtothecritics,theMTVawardsceremonywastasteless,

accordingtotheaudience,itwasbetterthanever.

【答案】better→worse

【解析】由“tasteless”可知MTV颁奖典礼很无趣，因此应将better改

为worse。

5.Eachyear,aboutfiftythousandbooksarepublishedinGreatBritain;

thatissomanyasinthefour-times-largerUnitedStates.

【答案】so→as

【解析】表达“和……一样多”应该用“asmanyas”。

6.Thestrikecannotbesettleduntilthegrowersagreetoimprovehealth-

carebenefitsandtheworkerhousing.

【答案】andthe中的the去掉

【解析】这句话中“workerhousing”不是特指，因此应该去掉定冠词

the。

7.One’sreachingfirstplateaudoesnotguaranteethatyouwillcomplete

theclimbtothesummit.

【答案】firstplateau→thefirstplateau

【解析】序数词前面需要加定冠词the。

8.Nomatterhowcarefulmedicationisprescribed,italwayshasthe

potentialofcausingserioussideeffects.

【答案】careful→carefully

【解析】由于修饰动词prescribed，因此要用副词形式carefully。

9.BrianhaslearnedmoreaboutcurrentcinemafromA.O.Scott’s

reviewsthananyothercritic.

【答案】thanany→thanfromany

【解析】than前后为平行结构，因此都需要有介词from。

10.Theflierdeliveredtoourdoorsaid,“Theeffectofcellphoneuseon

braincellscannotbedetermineduntilfartherresearchisconducted.”

【答案】farther→further

【解析】这里指“进一步的研究”，因此应用表示程度上更进一步

的“further”。

Ⅲ.EnglishComposition(40%)

Readthefollowingarticleandwritea400-wordessayinEnglishbased

onitsideas,withemphasisonculturaldialogue,culturalidentityandcultural

misreading.MarkswillbegiveninconsiderationofContent,Organization,

GrammarandAppropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionwillresultin

lossofmarks.

随俗

（原载《羊城晚报》2000年12月25日、2001年1月8日）

英国的交通靠左行，英国人接吻也习惯左颊先上。第二次世界大战

期间，美国军队开到英国本土。美军小伙子与英国姑娘接吻时却习惯右

颊先上。为了避免撞鼻子，美军司令部下令士兵要入乡随俗，接吻时左

颊先上。可是，撞鼻子事件仍然发生，原来英国妇女团体也叫姑娘们在

接吻时改为美国式的右颊先上，以示友好。这桩趣事在柏杨先生的一篇

随笔里有记载。

然而，随俗不一定非要入乡。其实，大多数情况下我们还是见人随

俗。比如在中国的飞机场迎接西方客人，如果来的是异性，而接机者了

解西方习俗，就会很自然地上前礼节性地拥抱一下对方，并且友好地贴

贴脸。中国这个“乡”里异性之间不轻易有身体接触的“俗”在这时已经被

忽略了。我在异邦也有过见人随俗的经历。记得在离开剑桥回国前夕，

我的导师请我吃饭，饭后沿着剑河散步。他忽然停下来，在河边的柳树

上折了一根嫩枝，默默地交到我手里。这位熟悉中国古典诗词，曾为

《玉台新咏》英译本写过评论文章的英国诗人，按照中国古代文人赠柳

送别的习俗，为我送行呢。那是1990年春天的一个黄昏，剑河边的垂柳

正绽出点点鹅黄……

大体来看，入乡随俗或见人随俗反映了人们对异质文化的了解和尊

重。但是有时随俗也有别的目的。圣诞节的产生和变化就是一个很好的

例子。

人们总以为圣诞节真的是耶稣的诞辰，其实不然。就连耶稣是哪一

年出生的也没有准确的答案。大约相当于公元6世纪的时候，一位名叫

第奥尼修斯·埃兹吉亚沃斯(DionysiusExiguous)的古罗马修士提出以耶稣

诞生的那一年为纪元1年的基督教历法代替当时使用的由罗马皇帝戴克

里先(Diocletian,243?—316?)制定的历法。他根据《圣经·路加福音》所

载，判定耶稣在30岁上开始传道，而为耶稣施洗礼的约翰在耶稣之前就

开始传道，据记载时间是在奥古斯都大帝的女婿提比略皇帝(Diberius)在

位第15年，相当于公元29年。所谓公元1年就是第奥尼修斯·埃兹吉亚沃

斯按这些资料大约推断出来的，其实非常不准确。后来有学者根据《圣

经·马太福音》的记载，即耶稣大概在希律大帝(HerodⅠtheGreat)逝世

的时候出生，考证出希律大帝是在公元前4年逝世，耶稣应该在此之前

不久出生，可能是公元前5、6或者7年。这样一来也就是说我们目前使

用的公历的第一年并非耶稣出生的年份。

至于耶稣是在哪一天出生的，也没有确实的记载，所谓圣诞节则是

在公元440年才由教会随俗而定。12月25日这一天是当年的冬至。原先

不信上帝的人们一向把这一天视为节日，有各种庆祝活动。英国甚至在

1752年改用格里高里历法之前一直以12月25日为新年第一天。所谓圣诞

装饰则来自古罗马人每年12月过农神节(Saturn)时装饰庙宇的习俗。圣

诞老人则是民间传说中的儿童保护神，与基督教教义无关。出于宣传基

督教的目的，教会把一个本来是世俗的节日改变为宗教的节日。

此后，这个节日的宗教色彩逐渐浓厚。圣诞节要摆圣诞树就与基督

教圣徒的事迹有关了。传说在公元8世纪有一位圣徒波尼非斯(St.

Boniface)在德国传教，遇见一群不信上帝的人以男童作为祭品供奉一棵

老橡树，波尼非斯救下了小男孩，砍倒橡树，说服了这帮异教徒皈依上

帝，并指示他们以枞树为基督圣婴的象征。这件事情刚好发生在12月，

于是圣诞节的装饰中又多了圣诞树。

当圣诞节作为宗教节日逐渐成为习俗的同时，人们又用自己的温情

去随这个俗，使圣诞节变得世俗化。这一天被看作是阖家团圆的日子。

小孩子们盼望着一觉醒来床头会有塞了礼物的袜子。1846年英国出现第

一张商业性的圣诞卡，上面画着一家人围在一起，兴高采烈地喝酒。此

后，圣诞节前互送贺卡成为时尚。

商人也把圣诞节看作一个赚钱的好时机，之前一、两个月就广为宣

传，圣诞大减价和圣诞购物热潮随之兴起。现在连东方国家的商人也随

这个俗，为圣诞节忙乎起来，其心思恐怕只在商机。

随俗的背后有许多奥妙呢!

【参考范文】

Communicationisanimportantmeansofexpressingoneselfbecauseit

existsindifferentways.Differentkindofexpressionsdependsontheculture

onebelongsto.Thewayofcommunicatingwillnotbethesameasother

countriesanditisimportanttoknowsomevaluesofotherculturesandsoof

otherwaysofcommunicating.

Apersonwhocomesfromacertaincountrydoesnotnecessarilygetthe

sameideasabouttime,death,identity,asanotheronefromadifferent

countrybecauseeachpersonhasitsownidentity.Culturalidentityisthe

identityofagrouporculture,orofanindividualasfarasoneisinfluenced

byone’sbelongingtoagrouporculture.First,anationalidentityisdefined

bythename,citizenship,anda“personal”identityiscustoms,opinionsabout

issuesorpersonalexperienceinlife.Sometimes,identitycanbemodifiedor

influencedbydifferentfactors,suchaslivingenvironment.

Onecangethisownopinionsaboutsomething,butonecanstillbe

“influenced”byhisfamilysurroundingorthesocietywherehelives

(especiallysomenationsthatparentsandevensocietyteachhimpatriotismor

nationalismwhenheisachild).Thisinfluencecanreplacehisprevious

visionoflifeandchangehiswayofexpressinghimself.Onecanalsoadapt

thisinfluenceinhisownwayanditcanberesultedinadifferentwayof

communicating.

Inspiteofacertaininfluencecomingfromaclosesurrounding,

everyonecandevelophisownidentitythroughopinionsandexperience.

Evenwithinaclosegroupofpeople,eachpersongetsdifferent.Suchcross-

culturalcommunicationsometimescanbedifficult.Theyareoriginatedfrom

misunderstanding,discriminationormerelyunfamiliarwithotherculture.

Theinfluencesofsuchmisunderstandingsareusuallynegative.Forexample,

ournegotiationwithforeignpartnersmaybehinderedbythelackofrelevant

knowledgeoftheirculture.

Insomecountries,somelocalcustomsandbehaviorsaremostly

regulatedbythereligionofthecountry,whichisverysensitivetomost

people.Forinstance,insomeIslamiccountries,governmentsprohibit

drinkingalcoholfortouristsoraskwomentouriststowearsomespecific

dresses.AndinsomeAsiancountries,whenvisitingatemple,touristsarenot

allowedtowearshortsorslippers,whicharesymbolsofdisrespect.

Cross-culturalcommunicationisinevitableandofvitalimportance.In

culturaldialogues,peopleneedtofullyrespectthecultureofothercountries

andmakeeffortstoavoidmisunderstanding.

【解析】

题目中给出了一段材料，要求从文化对话、文化认同和文化误读方

面写一篇400字的文章。

范文第一段首先提出不同国家的交流方式不同。第二段对文化认同

进行了讨论。第三段和第四段提出一个人对外界的认识由自身与外界环

境共同决定。第五段提出了一些国家的独特风俗。最后一段作者总结

到，跨文化交流十分重要，人们要充分尊重外国文化，避免文化误读。

Ⅳ.Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Writeyourtranslation

ontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

Thedifficultiesofknowingthecontemporaryarewellknown.

Knowledge,itisoftenclaimed,canonlybegainedandenjoyedaboutwhatis

insomesenseoveranddonewith.Theclaimtoknowthecontemporaryis

thereforeoftenseenasakindofconceptualviolence,afixingofthefluidand

formlessenergiesoftheurgently(huttenuously)presentnowintoa

knowableandspeakableform,byfundamentalandirrevocableactsofcritical

choosing.Thisformulationrestsupontheinherentdivisionbetween

experienceandknowledge,abeliefthat,whenweexperiencelife,wecan

onlypartiallyunderstandit,andthenwetrytounderstandlife,weareno

longerreallyexperiencingit.Accordingtothismodel,knowledgeisalways

doomedtoarrivetoolateonthesceneofexperience.

【参考译文】

众所周知，认识同时代的事物是困难的。人们常说，知识在某种意

义上只有事后才能获得和拥有。因此，认识同时代的主张经常被视为一

种概念上的暴力——它通过根本的、无法逆转的批判性选择，将迫切

（但却模糊的）现在所具有的流动、无形的能量固定。使之具有一种可

知可谈的形式。这一构成依赖于一种经验与认识之间的内在分裂，即这

一信念：当我们处于生活之中时，我们智能部分地认识它；当我们试图

认识生活时，我们其实已经不再处于那段生活的经历之中了。根据这一

模式，认识注定过迟地出现在经验当场。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslation

ontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)

中国古代有个寓言，叫做“愚公移山”。说的是古代有一位老人，住

在华北，名叫北山愚公。他的家门南面有两座大山挡住他家的出路，一

座叫做太行山，一座叫做王屋山。愚公下决心率领他的儿子们要用锄头

挖去这两座大山。有个老头子名叫智叟的看了发笑，说是你们这样干未

免太愚蠢了，你们父子数人要挖掉这样两座大山是完全不可能的。愚公

回答说：我死了以后有我的儿子，儿子死了，又有孙子，子子孙孙是没

有穷尽的。这两座山虽然很高，却是不会再增高了，挖一点就会少一

点，为什么挖不平呢?愚公批驳了智叟的错误思想，毫不动摇，每天挖

山不止。

【参考译文】

ThereisanancientChinesefablecalled“TheFoolishOldManWho

RemovedtheMountains”.IttellsofanoldmanwholivedinnorthernChina

long,longagoandwasknownastheFoolishOldManofNorthMountain.

Hishousefacedsouthandbeyondhisdoorwaystoodthetwogreatpeaks,

TaihangandWangwu,obstructingtheway.Hecalledhissons,andhoein

handtheybegantodigupthesemountainswithgreatdetermination.Another

greybeard,knownastheWiseOldMan,sawthemandsaidderisively,“How

sillyofyoutodothis!Itisquiteimpossibleforyoufewtodigupthosetwo

hugemountains.”TheFoolishOldManreplied,“WhenIdie,mysonswill

carryon;whentheydie,therewillbemygrandsons,andthentheirsonsand

grandsons,andsoontoinfinity.Highastheyare,themountainscannotgrow

anyhigherandwitheverybitwedig,theywillbethatmuchlower.Why

can’tweclearthemaway?”HavingrefutedtheWiseOldMan’swrongview,

hewentondiggingeveryday,unshakeninhisconviction.

Ⅴ.LiteraturePart

A.Choosethecorrectanswerfromeachofthefollowing.(10%)

1.ThemostfamousoftheEnglishCrusaderswastheNormanking,

_____.

A.RichardLion-Heart

B.KingJohn

CKingArthur

D.AlfredtheGreat

【答案】A

【解析】理查一世（1157~1199），英格兰金雀花王朝第二任国王，

即著名的称为狮心王理查（RichardLion-Heart）；他绝大部分时间都用

于对外征战，将英国看作筹集对外军事行动费用的来源；他接受教皇的

邀请，参与了第三次十字军远征（theCrusade）。

2.Shakespearelivedintheperiodof_____.

AtheMiddleAges

B.theVictorianage

C.theElizabethanage

D.theIndustrialRevolution

【答案】C

【解析】伊丽莎白一世统治时期（1558~1603），英国文学，特别是

戏剧繁荣发展，达到高峰，涌现出了一大批杰出的文学大师，比如莎士

比亚（1564~1616）是其中的代表人物。

3.WhichofthefollowingisnotaNewEnglandstate?

A.Connecticut.

B.NewYorkState.

C.NewHampshire.

D.Vermont.

【答案】B

【解析】新英格兰地区包括六个州：Maine缅因州、NewHampshire

新罕布什尔州、Vermont佛蒙特州、RhodeIsland罗得岛州、Connecticut

康涅狄格州与Massachusetts马萨诸塞州。因此B选项正确。

4.WhichofthefollowingishomeofthegreatAmericangods:Ford,

GeneralMotorsandChrysler?

A.Chicago,Illinois.

B.Chicago,Michigan.

C.Detroit,Illinois.

D.Detroit,Michigan.

【答案】D

【解析】Detroit底特律，位于美国东北部，是密歇根州最大的城

市，建于1815年；它是世界传统汽车中心汽车业，又名“汽车之城”；这

里是美国三大汽车公司：福特，通用以及克莱斯勒的总部所在地。

5.Whichofthefollowingwasnotatruedescriptionofsouthernblacks’

situationaftertheCivilWar?

A.Theywereprovidedseparatebutequalfacilitiesandservices.

BTheyweresecond-classcitizens.

C.TheywereterrorizedbytheKuKluxKlan.

D.Theirfreedomwasrestrictedby“blackcodes”.

【答案】A

【解析】美国内战后，黑人名义上获得了平等，但事实上地位依然

很低，权利也得不到保障；他们还受到三K党的暴力威胁；从19世纪70

年代开始，美国南部各州制定了《黑人法典》，对黑人实行种族隔离或

种族歧视。选项A与事实不符，为正确答案。

B.Answerthefollowingquestion.(10%)

HowdidtheblackssufferinAmericanhistory?Whatisthecurrent

situation?

【答案】

(1)Asanationofimmigrants,theUnitedStatescontainsvariousraces

andethnic