中考英语人教版语法专项复习 专题二 动词和动词短语

中考英语人教版专项复习专题二动词和动词短语目录01.解析02.模拟考题01解析图解语法考点1

动词实义动词

实义动词也叫行为动词，有实在意义，能独立作谓语。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整，需接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。及物动词常用于以下几种结构中：（1）主语+及物动词+宾语I

often

play

soccer.

我经常踢足球。（2）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语They

consider

him

the

best

writer.

他们认为他是最优秀的作家。

（3）主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式Mr.

Li

encouraged

me

to

study

hard.

李老师鼓励我努力学习。（4）主语+及物动词+疑问代词/疑问副词+不定式I

don't

know

where

to

go.

我不知道要去哪里。（5）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He

wanted

to

buy

himself

a

new

pair

of

shoes.

他想给自己买双新鞋。2.不及物动词

不及物动词本身意义完整，无须接宾语，构成"主语+谓语"的句型，若要跟宾语，其后必须加上相应的介词，构成"主语+谓语+介词+宾语"的句型。如：We

should

listen

to

the

teacher

carefully.

我们应该认真听老师讲课。【注意】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，如：begin,

learn,

read,

improve,

study等。延续性动词&非延续性动词（1）延续性动词也叫持续性动词，表示动作是可以持续的，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：work,

live,

keep,

study,

sleep,

rain,

lie,

know,

read等。You

can

keep

the

dictionary

for

three

weeks.

这本字典你可以借三周。（2）非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词，表示瞬间动作，一般不和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：come,

go,

begin,

close,

die,

borrow,

stop,

leave等。He

left

his

hometown

ten

years

ago.

十年前他离开了家乡。系动词

系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须接表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类如下：类别功能例词状态系动词表示主语所处的状态be感官系动词表示人体感官的系动词feel［2015.35］,

smell［2014.36］,

taste,

sound,

look表象系动词表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态appear,

seem变化系动词表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态go,

get,

turn,

grow,

become持续系动词表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态keep,stay,remain,助动词

英语中的助动词有be

（am,

is,

are,

was,

were）,

do

（does,

did）,

have

（has,

had）,

shall,

will,

should,

would等。助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不可单独作谓语，只能和它后面的动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数，还可构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的含义，表示说话人的情感和态度，不可单独作谓语，必须和其他动词连用构成谓语。

情态动词的特点：（1）其后接动词原形；（2）无人称和数的变化（have

to除外，主语为第三人称单数时用has

to）；（3）具有助动词的作用，可构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。1.can和could的用法情态动词含义及用法示例can［2018.38;

2014.35］表示能力，意为"能，会"Can

he

swim？他会游泳吗？表示请求、许可，意为"可以"Can

I

take

the

book

home?我能把这本书带回家吗？表示推测，意为"可能"，常用于否定句和疑问句This

pair

of

shoes

can't

be

Helen's.这双鞋不可能是海伦的。情态动词含义及用法示例couldcan的过去式，表示能力，意为"能，会"He

could

skate

at

the

age

of

six.他六岁时就会溜冰了。用于疑问句，表示委婉的请求，语气比can更委婉Could

you

lend

it

to

me?

你能把它借给我吗？表示不大的可能性It

could

rain

today.

今天可能会下雨。续表2.may和might的用法情态动词含义及用法示例may［2017.39;2015.44］表示请求、许可，意为"可以"You

may

leave

now.现在你可以离开了。表示可能性较小的推测，意为"也许"，常用于肯定句This

schoolbag

may

be

Lucy's.

She

likes

pink

best.这个书包可能是露西的。她最喜欢粉色。用于祈使句，表示祝福和愿望May

you

return

soon!

愿你早日归来！情态动词含义及用法示例might表示请求、许可，意为"可以"，语气比may更委婉Might

I

use

it?

我可以用一下它吗？表示推测，意为"可能"，可能性低于mayHe

is

absent

today.

He

might

be

sick.

他今天没来。他可能是生病了。may的过去式，意为"可能"She

was

worried

that

we

might

get

hurt.

她担心我们可能会受到伤害。续表3.must,

have

to和need的用法情态动词含义及用法示例must表示义务和必要，意为"必须"；强调主观意愿We

must

study

hard.

我们必须努力学习。表示推测，意为"一定，肯定"，用于肯定句You

must

be

tired

after

such

a

long

journey.

在这么长的旅程之后你一定累了吧。情态动词含义及用法示例have

to意为"必须，不得不"，用于强调客观需要，有人称、时态和数的变化He

had

to

work

hard

to

do

things

that

were

easy

for

others.那些别人做起来轻松的事情，他都要费力地去做。［2020安徽中考］

续表情态动词含义及用法示例need［2019.39］用于陈述句和疑问句，意为"需要"Need

I

leave

now?

需要我现在离开吗？用于否定句，needn't意为"不必"You

needn't

worry

about

Jim.

你不必担心吉姆。续表4.should和had

better的用法情态动词含义及用法示例should意为"应该"，表示责任、义务、劝告或建议；否定形式为shouldn't，意为"不应该"You

should

get

up

early

to

catch

the

school

bus.

你应该早点起床赶校车。had

better意为"最好"，表示建议；否定形式为had

better

not，意为"最好不要"You'd

better

stay

at

home

when

it

rains

hard.下大雨的时候你最好待在家里。5.shall,

will和would的用法情态动词含义及用法示例shall在疑问句中同I和we连用，表示提出或征求意见Shall

we

go

out

and

play?

我们出去玩，好吗？will表示询问、请求，也可表达现在的意愿Will

you

help

me？你会帮我吗？We

will

help

you.

我们会帮你。would表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问，比will更委婉Would

you

go

with

me？你会和我一起去吗？6.can't和mustn't的用法情态动词含义及用法示例can't［2016.37］意为"不可能"，表示否定推测That

girl

can't

be

Jenny.

那个女孩不可能是珍妮。意为"不能，不会"I

can't

tell

you

the

exact

time.

我不能告诉你确切的时间。mustn't意为"禁止，不准"，不可用来表示推测You

mustn't

play

in

the

street.

你不能在街道上玩耍。（1）由"Must

I..."引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

must."；否定回答用"No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to."。如：—Must

I

finish

the

report

tonight?我必须今晚完成这篇报告吗？—No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to.

You

can

bring

it

next

Monday.不，你不必。下周一带来就行。（2）由"May

I..."引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

may."或"Yes,

please./Certainly./..."；否定回答用"No,

you

can't/mustn't."或"I'm

afraid

not..."。如：—May

I

take

photos

here?我能在这里拍照吗？—No,

you

can't/mustn't.

Look

at

the

sign

there.不，你不可以拍照。看下那边的标牌。考点2

动词短语常考的动词短语类型1.动词+介词dream

of梦想

laugh

at嘲笑think

about考虑

depend

on依靠get

to到达

listen

to听be

against反对

count

on指望be

for

支持

wait

for等待arrive

in/at到达

agree

with赞成2.动词+副词pull

together同心协力

put

off推迟work

out计划；解决［2023.27］

set

out

出发look

out当心

stay

up熬夜turn

off关闭［2023.38］

grow

up长大set

up安装好；建立［2021.40］pick

up捡起；（开车）接某人［2019.41;2018.5］续表3.动词+名词make

mistakes犯错误

take

photos照相lose

heart丧失信心

make

progress取得进步take

chances碰运气

take

care当心take

place发生

make

sense有道理4.动词+名词+介词make

fun

of取笑

pay

attention

to注意take

care

of照顾

make

use

of利用take

pride

in为……感到自豪续表5.动词+副词+介词catch

up

with赶上

come

up

with提出get

along

with与……相处融洽look

forward

to期望

date

back

to追溯到live

up

to不辜负（期望）

look

down

on看不起run

out

of

用完6.动词+介词+名词go

to

school去上学

go

to

bed去睡觉keep

in

mind记住

come

to

life突然开始运作续表常考的动词短语1.come短语come

across（偶然）遇见，发现come

out出版，发行；出来come

along出现；跟随；进展come

over来访，拜访

come

on加油；快点come

true

（梦想等）实现

come

back回来；恢复2.fall短语fall

over被……绊倒，倒下；摔倒fall

off脱落；下降；从……跌落［2022.33］fall

behind落后于fall

down倒塌；跌倒

fall

asleep入睡fall

in

love

with爱上续表3.get短语get

up站起；起身；起床［2023.44］get

over从……中恢复；克服［2019.64］get

on进展；上（车、船等）

get

together相聚get

off下（车、船等）；下班；（使）离开；（使）动身get

ready

for为……作准备续表4.give短语give

up放弃［2019.49］

give

away捐赠give

off发出（光、热等）

give

out分发give

in屈服；让步续表5.go短语go

off

（警报器等）突发巨响，停止运作go

on继续

go

away离开go

by从旁边经过；时间流逝

go

over仔细检查go

up上升；增长

go

after追求；追赶go

out出去；熄灭

go

down下降；倒下续表6.have短语have

a

look看一看

have

a

cold感冒have

a

rest休息have

confidence

in对……有信心have

an

interest

in对……感兴趣续表7.keep短语keep

off使不接近；回避keep

in

touch

with和……保持联系keep

away

from远离

keep

up

with赶上keep

on继续［2018.53］

keep

out防止进入续表8.look短语look

at看

look

for寻找look

up查阅；向上看

look

around环顾look

back回顾

look

after照顾look

through浏览

look

over查看，检查续表9.make短语make

up组成；化妆；编造［2022.44］make

a

decision作出决定make

the

bed铺床make

a

difference有作用；有影响make

a

promise作出承诺make

friends

with和……交朋友续表10.put短语put

up张贴；搭建put

away把……收起来［2020.30］put

on穿上

put

down写下；放下put

back放回（原处）put

out熄灭续表11.take短语take

off脱掉，起飞

take

out取出，拿出take

up占据；学着做；开始做［2021.26］take

in吸收；吸入；吞入take

down拆除；往下拽；记下，记录take

away拿走，带走；解除；消除take

after

（长相、举止或性格）像take

on呈现，具有（特征、外观等）［2018.37］take

over接收，接管（企业、公司等）take

back退回；收回，撤回（说过的话）续表12.think短语think

of想起；记得

think

up想出think

out认真考虑

think

back回想起think

over仔细考虑；慎重思考think

through充分考虑；全盘考虑；想透13.turn短语turn

on打开

turn

up调高；出现turn

out结果是

turn

to

求助于turn

down调低；拒绝续表语境小测Ⅰ.单项填空1.—Kelly,

this

is

Steve.—Yes,

I

know.

We've

already

___

ourselves.CA.offered

B.turned

C.introduced

D.learned2.Don't

simply

___

the

crowd.

Being

yourself

is

the

best

rule.CA.satisfy

B.change

C.follow

D.control3.—Dinner

is

ready.

Help

yourself,

please.—Wow!

The

soup

and

the

meat

___

really

great.AA.taste

B.sound

C.turn

D.get4.[2017安徽中考]

—Mum,

I've

signed

for

the

box.

What's

in

it?—I'm

not

sure.

It

___

be

a

present

from

your

uncle.CA.need

B.must

C.may

D.will5.—I'm

crazy

about

Chinese

culture

and

I've

travelled

to

China

many

times.—No

wonder

that

you

___

speak

Chinese

so

well.DA.must

B.need

C.should

D.can6.[2023黄山一模]

It

is

a

good

habit

to___

all

your

things

in

correct

places.AA.put

away

B.put

up

C.put

out

D.put

off7.[2023泰州中考]

Most

neighbours

___

the

habit

of

square

dancing

to

create

a

quieter

environment

for

us.DA.get

into

B.care

about

C.carry

on

D.give

up8.[2023自贡中考改编]

—Ms.

White,

I

am

sad

that

I

didn't

pass

the

test.—Keep

trying.

Success

___

hard

work.AA.depends

on

B.gives

away

C.leads

to

D.picks

upⅡ.单词拼写1.I

knew

that

boy

wasn't

Jim.

Jim

never

w____（佩戴）

glasses

before.ore2.Smiling

is

the

best

way

to

f____

（面对）

every

problem.ace3.These

grapes

were

p______（摘）

from

the

garden

just

now.icked4.On

the

top

of

the

mountain

can

you

see

the

sun

r_________（上升）

clearly.ise/rising5.Mary

has

o

_______（提出）

some

useful

advice

about

this

project.ffered语篇提升

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。left

decided

help

felt

work

could

askedthinking

buy

did

Last

March

I

lost

the

camera

that

my

parents

bought

for

me.

I

1._____

it

on

the

bus.

I

called

the

bus

company

to

check

if

they

2.______

find

it,

but

it

wasn't

there.

I

was

really

sad.

Then

I

3.________

to

get

a

new

one

by

myself.

I

started

4._________

of

ways

to

make

and

save

money.

My

parents

usually

leftcoulddecidedthinkinggive

me

￡8

every

week,

so

the

first

thing

I

5._____

was

to

keep

the

money

in

my

piggy

bank.

I

also

offered

to

6._____

my

uncle

look

after

his

dog

when

he

was

away.

After

some

time,

my

uncle's

neighbors

saw

me.

They

7._______

me

if

I

could

help

with

their

cats

and

dogs,

too.

And

I

said

yes.

In

less

than

three

months

I

had

enough

money

to

8._____

a

new

camera.

It

was

the

same

as

the

one

I

had

lost,

but

to

me

it

was

much

nicer.

I

paid

for

it

with

the

money

I

made

and

it

9._____

very

different.

This

experience

teaches

me

what

it

means

to

10.______

hard

and

I

have

learned

that

you

must

be

careful

with

the

things

you

have,

because

they

take

a

lot

of

hard

work.didhelpaskedbuyfeltwork02模拟考题Ⅰ.单项填空★实义动词和系动词1.We

should

often

review

our

notes

after

class

to

avoid

___

the

same

mistakes.CA.wasting

B.getting

C.repeating

D.fixing2.—Our

school

will

hold

the

sports

meeting

from

next

Thursday

to

Friday.—Right.

Players

will

___

in

twelve

sports,

including

table

tennis

and

volleyball.DA.advise

B.believe

C.imagine

D.compete3.[2023乐山中考改编]

—How

does

the

apple

juice

___?—Good.

I'd

like

to

have

another

glass.AA.taste

B.smell

C.look

D.sound4.The

cake

___

so

good

that

I

can't

wait

to

have

a

bit

of

it.BA.tastes

B.smells

C.sounds

D.feels5.If

you

can___

what

you

have

and

do

something

to

help

others,

you

will

find

your

life

is

full

of

pleasure.BA.count

B.value

C.regret

D.fix6.Nancy

was

chosen

for

"The

Most

Beautiful

Student"

because

she

is

honest

and

always

___

her

word.BA.breaks

B.keeps

C.supports

D.forgets7.The

real

difference

between

an

excellent

person

and

a

common

person

is

that

the

excellent

person

can

___

his

or

her

time.BA.describe

B.manage

C.accept

D.believe★情态动词8.—Are

you

sure

you

are

taking

me

to

the

bank?—Believe

me,

this

___

be

the

wrong

road.DA.needn't

B.shouldn't

C.mustn't

D.can't9.This

ping-pong

ball

___

be

Ted's.

He's

the

only

one

that

can

play

ping-pong.BA.need

B.must

C.cannot

D.shouldn't10.We

___

take

a

taxi.

It's

only

a

few

blocks

away.AA.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't11.—Alex,

come

down

to

play

football.—I

can't.

Mom

said

I

___

clean

my

bedroom

before

doing

anything

else.AA.had

to

B.will

C.used

to

D.can★动词短语12.Tony

always

gives

his

seat

to

the

old

people

after

they

___

the

bus

or

the

subway.AA.get

on

B.put

on

C.get

off

D.put

off13.Sally,

___

your

sunglasses.

The

sun

is

so

bright.BA.put

up

B.put

on

C.put

away

D.put

down14.Jessica

is

so

helpful

that

she

always

___

our

cat

when

we're

on

holiday.CA.finds

out

B.hears

from

C.looks

after

D.puts

up15.You'd

better

___

the

important

points

your

teacher

said

in

class

and

review

them

carefully

after

class.AA.write

down

B.look

for

C.find

out

D.cut

out16.—Last

night

I

called

you

twice

but

couldn't

___.—I

was

taking

a

walk

with

my

parents

then.BA.go

off

B.get

through

C.call

back

D.come

over17.Passengers

are

required

to

sit

in

their

seats

and

wear

seat

belts（安全带）

to

keep

safe

when

the

plane

is

___.DA.pulling

together

B.running

out

C.showing

up

D.taking

off18.—Your

dance

is

excellent！—Thank

you.

I

___

dancing

while

studying

in

Beijing.AA.picked

up

B.got

up

C.put

up

D.came

outⅡ.单词拼写1.Jane

always

c_______（收集）stamps

as

she

thinks

each

small

picture

tells

us

a

story.ollects2.Good

music

can

t______（打动）

both

your

heart

and

mine.ouch3.[2023合肥瑶海区一模]

He's

always

an

active

man

and

always

e_______（期待）

that

things

are

going

the

right

way.xpects4.I

feel

alive

in