实用综合教程第二版3 unit2 电子教案.ppt

1、home,Objectives,In this unit, you will, listen to a passage about naming children; read an article about how to address people; enlarge your vocabulary related to the use of titles; get some tips about asking different types of questions; learn about the possible influence of a name on a person; rea

2、d and write a letter.,Objectives,main,Listening and Speaking,Text A,Grammar Tips,Text B,Comprehensive Exercises,Practical Reading and Writing,Warm-up,1. How to address people in English When we talk directly to people, it is possible to address them in the following ways: by their given name; by a t

3、itle followed by their surname; and by a title on its own.,Warm-up-BG1,Discussion,Background Information,Warm-up,When addressing people by their given names, we often use a shortened form of the name. For example, Timothy may be called Tim, or Jennifer may be called Jenny. More examples:,Warm-up- BG

4、2,Background Information,Discussion,Warm-up,Christopher ,Chris,Edward ,Ed,Andrew ,Andy,Anthony ,Tony,Richard ,Dick,William ,Bill,James ,Jimmie,If you know the shortened form of your foreign friend, you may use it. Otherwise it is probably wiser to keep using the name a foreigner uses for himself or

5、herself.,Another way of addressing people is to use “title + surname.” The most common titles are “Mr.”,“Mrs.” and “Miss.” In most cases “Mr.” is used for men, “Mrs.” for married women and “Miss” for unmarried women. They are used together with the surname and are placed in front of it, for example,

6、 Mr. Roland, Miss Webster. Nowadays the title “Ms.” is used for any woman (single or married).,Warm-up- BG3,Warm-up,Background Information,Discussion,Some professions can also function as titles, for example: Professor, Doctor, Nurse, and ranks in the armed forces like Captain. If people have such p

7、ositions they should normally be addressed with these titles, unless of course the situation is informal and the relationship is close.,Warm-up- BG4,Warm-up,Background Information,Discussion,These professional titles can also be used on their own without the surname. So a patient, for instance, can

8、call his doctor either Dr. Bennett or Doctor.,How to address people depends mainly on the relationship between the people, and also on the situation. We can divide situations into three broad types: formal relationship/situation informal situation/close relationship neutral relationship/situation Th

9、e relationship between the type of situation and the way in which a person is addressed in English can be summarized as follows:,Warm-up BG5,Warm-up,Background Information,Discussion,Warm-up- BG6,Background Information,Discussion,Warm-up,Apart from the very formal or informal situations, on the whol

10、e, it is probably safer to use the “title + surname”; if people prefer to be addressed by their given name, they will usually say so.,Title + surname,Given name or title+ surname,Given name,Warm-up- BG7,Background Information,Discussion,Warm-up,2. How to spell your Chinese name in English When you s

11、pell your Chinese name in English, your family name should be spelled as one word, and your given name should be spelled as one word no matter whether your given name consists of one Chinese character (汉字) or two.,姚明 ,Yao Ming,张艺谋 ,Zhang Yimou,For example,Warm-up- BG8,Background Information,Discussi

12、on,Warm-up,Sometimes, a Chinese family name has two Chinese characters, and such a family name should be spelled as one word.,司马光 ,Sima Guang,欧阳紫薇 ,Ouyang Ziwei,For example,Warm-up- BG9,Background Information,Discussion,Warm-up,The family name is put before the given name in Chinese, which is differ

13、ent from the English way of putting the given name first. To avoid confusion, we may spell a Chinese name in its original order but capitalize all letters in the family name. For example, on the name card of a person called 王佳佳, the name could be spelled as WANG Jiajia.,Question: Do you think there

14、is a connection between a persons name and his or her life? Why or why not?,The reasons may include: (1) Ones name will give some hints to the person about his or her life goals. (2) Some names have positive meanings which will give the owner confidence. (3) Chinese culture endows the names with ric

15、h meanings. The meanings may affect other peoples impression about the person with the name, so in the long run a name will influence a persons life. (4) People sometimes make fun of those names that may have funny or negative associations.,Hints,Warm-up- Discussion1,Discussion,Background Informatio

16、n,Warm-up, Yes，I think so.,A name is just a name. It has no connection with ones life. For example, a person with the Chinese character for “rich” (富) in his name may be very poor in reality.,Hints,Warm-up- Discussion2,Discussion,Background Information,Warm-up, No, I dont think so.,You will hear a r

17、ecorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read twice. When you hear a question, you should complete the answer to it with a word or a short phrase (in no more than three words). The questions and incomplete answers are given for your referen

18、ce.,1. What do Chinese people have in common with Americans in naming their children? Both the Chinese and Americans would when they name their children.,Listening1,Listening and Speaking,Speaking,Listening,I. Listening,Script,choose carefully,_,2. According to the speaker, how do Chinese people cho

19、ose their childrens names? It seems to the speaker that the Chinese choose their childrens names because they do not know anybody that. 3. How do people in the West choose names for their children? They usually choose names for their children precisely because they are the names of people they or .,

20、Listening2,Listening and Speaking,Speaking,Listening,called,_,know,_,respect,_,4. According to the speaker, how would the Americans usually name their first sons? The Americans often name first sons . 5. Do the Americans pay particular attention to the meaning of names they choose for their children

21、? No. The majority of them do not know or the meanings of the names.,Listening3,Listening and Speaking,Speaking,Listening,after their fathers,_,Speaking,Listening and Speaking,Tell your partner a story related to names. You may tell an interesting story of your own choice, or you may choose a topic

22、from the following list. Decide whose story might be more interesting to other students, and get ready to share your story with the class.,II. Speaking,Speaking,Listening,1. Whats the meaning of your Chinese name? 2. Do you think that your name expresses your personality or talent? 3. In your opinio

23、n, why did your parents give such a name to you? 4. Do you know an interesting story about names?,Listening Script1,Listening and Speaking,Speaking,Listening,Just like the Chinese people, we Americans choose carefully when we name our children. But there are certainly differences between your custom

24、 and ours in naming the children. It seems you choose your childrens names because you do not know anybody called that. In the West, we usually choose names for our children precisely because they are the names of people we know or respect. Americans take it further, often naming first sons after th

25、eir fathers. For Catholics it must be the name of a saint.,Listening Script2,Listening and Speaking,Speaking,Listening,Furthermore, you consider carefully the meaning of the names you choose for your children. The majority of us do not know or concern ourselves about the meanings of the names. We do

26、 not usually choose them on that basis.,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions1,Text Study,according to,Text A,根据,a word that is used before sb.s name 头衔，称号,the way of life of a particular people; peoples moral and religious beliefs 文化；教养,culture n.,titl

27、e n.,consider vt.,think carefully about sth.; have a particular opinion about sth. 考虑；认为,impression n.,an idea, feeling, or opinion about sth. or sb. 印象，感觉,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions2,Text Study,attractive adj.,Text A,beautiful or pleasant to

28、 look at 吸引人的，有魅力的,poetic adj.,related to poetry 诗歌的；诗意的,surname n.,family name 姓,remind of,提醒，使记起,on the other hand,另一方面,name after,根据取名,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions3,Text Study,Text A,popularity n.,being liked by many people 流行，普及,stand the t

29、est of,经得起的考验,favorite n.,sb. or sth. that is loved above others 特别喜欢的人(或物),nickname n. vt.,a name used informally instead of real name 绰号，昵称 give sb. a nickname 给取绰号,childish adj.,silly, like that of a small child 孩子气的，幼稚的,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Exp

30、ressions4,Text Study,Text A,go by,用为名字,initial n.,the first letter in a name 姓名的首字母,sweetheart n.,a person whom another loves 甜心(用作“亲爱的”的昵称),flavor n. v.,a particular taste 风味，滋味 lend flavor to 给加味,reflect vt. speak to sb., or give a speech to an audience 称呼；对演讲或发表演说 a formal speech to a group of pe

31、ople 正式的讲话；the details of where a building is, including the building number, road name, town, etc. 地址,Majesty n.,(与 His, Her 或Your 连用)陛下(对君主的尊称）,Honor n.,(与 His, Her 或 Your 连用)阁下(对法官、市长等官员的尊称),Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions6,Text Study,Text A,Re

32、verend n.,(the )大人(对教士的尊称),a measure of,一定程度的,position n. vt.,sb.s rank or status in an organization or in society; the place where sb. or sth. is 职位，位置 put in a certain place 安置，决定的 位置,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions6,Text Study,Text A,politician

33、 n.,sb. who works in politics, especially a member of the government 政治家，政客,positive adj.,feeling confident, certain or happy; of a number greater than zero; of the electrical charge that is carried by protons 正面的，肯定的，积极的； 数正的；电阳极的,depend upon,取决于,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Build

34、ing,Text A Words and Expressions7,Text Study,Text A,Proper Names,Shakespeare:,威廉莎士比亚 (William Shakespeare, 15641616)，英国著名诗人、剧作家，著名剧作有：哈姆雷特(Hamlet)、奥赛罗(Othello)、李尔王(King Lear)和麦克白(Macbeth)等。,Romeo and Juliet:,罗密欧与朱丽叶，莎士比亚早期的著名悲剧。描写一对热恋的男女被拆散后双双殉情的故事。引文出自此剧的第二幕第二场。,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,

35、Vocabulary Building,Text A Words and Expressions8,Text Study,Text A,Old World:,旧世界，旧大陆，指欧洲。与其相对应的是New World (新世界，新大陆)，指美洲。,“Whats in a name?” According to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, not too much. “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But Shakespeare may have been wr

36、ong. In most cultures, names and titles matter a great deal. 2 Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a “Jennifer” more attractive than a “Betha,” for example.,Text A-1,Whats in a Na

37、me?,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A,Text A-2,The last name, or surname, must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic, but strange. Parents may avoid names that remind them of people they

38、dont like. On the other hand, people might name their children after a respected older relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common, like Fanny or Elmer, sound old-fashioned today. But other names like John and Dav

39、id, Mary and Sarah have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.,Text A,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A-3,3 People in America dont always call their friends and relatives by their given names. Instead, they often use nicknames. Sometimes they cal

40、l a friend by the short form for a longer name. For instance, a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa, or Betsy. As children grow up, they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called. If they consider their nickname childish, they may start using a more adult form. Some people

41、just go by the initials of their first and middle names, like B. J. or R. C. And of course, people may call their children or their sweethearts other special names. Often they have a sweet flavor, like Honey or Sugar.,Text A,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A-4

42、,4 In informal settings, people are normally on a first-name basis. Sometimes older people even allow young people to call them by their first names. But in most formal situations, people use an appropriate title such as Mr. (Mister), Ms. (Miss or Mrs.), Dr. (doctor) or Prof. (professor) with a pers

43、ons last name. After an introduction, the person may say, for example, “Please call me Tom.” If not, use his or her surname.,Text A,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A-5,5 Americans still use a few very formal titles which reflect their Old World heritage. The B

44、ritish address their king and queen as Your Majesty; Americans address the judge in a court as Your Honor. Americans speaking to their national leader respectfully call him Mr. President. And many churches address their leader as Reverend. In everyday situations, the polite forms sir and madam (or m

45、aam) show a measure of respect. But Americans dont generally use the names of occupations or positions as formal titles. Students might address their teacher as Mr. (or Ms.) Hudson, but not Teacher Hudson.,Text A,Comprehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A-6,Text A,Comp

46、rehension,Words and Expressions,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,6 Whats in a name? A name really means a lot. So if you are choosing an English name for yourself, take care to choose a good one. A made-up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translation of your Chinese name may

47、not make an appropriate name, either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said, “In real life, unlike in Shakespeare, the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”,Text A- Comprehension1,A. Complete the following sentences orally a

48、ccording to the text, and then work with your partner and take turns asking and answering the questions orally.,1. What did Shakespeare want to say about a name when he said “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”? Was he right, according to the text? Shakespeare wanted to

49、 say that .,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A,Words and Expressions,Text A- Comprehension2,2. What kinds of names may parents try to avoid? Parents may avoid . 3. How do Americans usually name their children? American people might name their children .,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabula

50、ry Building,Text Study,Words and Expressions,4. How do Americans call their friends and relatives? People in America dont always call . 5. What is the effect of a good name? A good name can .,Text A- Comprehension3,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Words and Expressions,Text A- Com

51、prehension4,B. Choose the best answer for each of the following statements or questions according to the text.,1. When choosing names for their children, Americans usually consider _. A. whether the name has a good meaning B. whether the name sounds poetic C. whether the name has already been taken

52、by others D. whether the name gives a good impression,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Words and Expressions,Text A- Comprehension5,2. Which of the following names may sound old-fashioned today? A. Fanny. B. Mary. C. John. D. David.,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text St

53、udy,Words and Expressions,Text A- Comprehension6,3. How do Americans call each other in formal situations? A. They normally call each other by their first names. B. They normally call each other by their last names. C. They usually use a title with the last name. D. They usually use a nickname or sp

54、ecial name.,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Words and Expressions,Text A- Comprehension7,4. How would an American student address a female teacher whose last name is Smith? A. Teacher Smith. B. Smith teacher. C. Ms. Smith. D. Reverend Smith.,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Buildi

55、ng,Text Study,Words and Expressions,Text A- Comprehension8,5. The fact that Americans address the judge in a court as Your Honor shows _. A. their Old World heritage B. they are common people C. they are afraid of the judge D. their respectability,Text A,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,

56、Words and Expressions,Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA1,Active Words,名称，姓名 The teacher knows all the pupils by their first names. 2. 名声，声誉 They are trying to restore the good name of the school. 3. 名人 All the big Hollywood names were there last night.,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Text A,

57、Words and Expressions,n.,name,Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA1,Text A,给取名，命名 They named the child John. 2. 叫出的名字 Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden? 3. 任命 Mr. Michael has been named as the new chairman. 4. 决定，说定 Please name the day for our wedding.,v.,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building

58、,Text Study,Words and Expressions,name,Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA1,Text A,in the name of 以的名义 Much blood has been spilled in the name of religion. make a name for oneself 出名 Hes been trying to make a name for himself in the music business. name after 按命名，取名 John was named after his uncle. to ones name 在某人名下 He hasnt got a penny to his name.,Comprehension,Vocabulary Building,Text Study,Words and Expressions,name,Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA2,smell,闻 He smelt the flowers. 2. 嗅出 I can smell something burning in the kitchen. 3. (用某种本能)注意