城市园林绿化植物养护技术规范

城市园林绿化植物养护技术规范THEFIFTHCHAPTER,CITYLANDSCAPINGPLANTMAINTENANCETECHNICALSPECIFICATIONS1GENERALPROVISIONSTHISSPECIFICATIONISAPPLICABLETOMAINTENANCETECHNOLOGYWITHINTHEADMINISTRATIVEAREAOFTHEPROVINCESPUBLICGREENSPACE,PROTECTIONGREENLAND,SCENICWOODLAND,RESIDENTIALGREENSPACE,ATTACHEDGREENSPACE,ROADGREENOFTREES,FLOWERS,ANDGRASSANDOTHERPLANTSTOBETHESURVIVALRATEOFALLKINDSOFPLANTSPLANTEDFORMORETHANONEYEARSHOULDBE98,EXCEPTFORNATURALDISASTERSORENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION2TREECONSERVATION21TREECONSERVATIONTREEPROTECTIONSHOULDCARRYOUTPREVENTIONBEFORECURESPIRIT,MAKEPEOPLEREALIZE“THEPROTECTIONOFTREES,ISEVERYONESRESPONSIBILITY“DOAGOODJOBINTHEPREVENTIONOFNATURALDISASTERSTHEWOUNDSONTHETREESHOULDBECLEANED,DISINFECTEDWITHCHEMICALS,COATEDWITHPROTECTIVEAGENTSORPLASTERPLASTER,SOASTOACHIEVEEARLYTREATMENT,PREVENTEXPANSIONITISFOUNDTHATTHETREEHOLESHOULDBEREPAIREDINTIMEANDTHEDECAYWILLBEFURTHEREXPANDEDTHEROTTENPARTSSHOULDBETREATEDBYSURGICALMETHODS22IRRIGATIONANDDRAINAGEALLKINDSOFGREENLANDSHOULDHAVETHEIROWNCOMPLETEIRRIGATIONANDDRAINAGESYSTEMACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTTREESPECIESANDDIFFERENTSITECONDITIONS,SUITABLEPERIODANDPROPERIRRIGATIONSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTTOKEEPTHEEFFECTIVEMOISTURECONTENTINTHESOILTHETREESPECIESWITHHIGHERWATERANDAIRHUMIDITYSHOULDBEWATEREDINTHEEARLYMORNINGOREVENING,ANDCANBESPRAYEDONTHESURFACEBEFOREWATERING,THESOILSHOULDBELOOSENFIRST,ANDTHECOFFERDAMWILLBEUSEDTODOWELLEARLYANDLATESUMMERWATERINGWINTERWATERINGSHOULDBEATNOONWATERINGSHOULDBEDONEATONCE,ESPECIALLYINSPRINGANDSUMMERWATERFLOWCANNOTBETOOFAST,TOPREVENTSURFACERUNOFFFORRARETREES,INTRODUCEDTREESANDNEWLYPLANTEDTREES,THETRUNKSANDTREESWERESPRAYEDACCORDINGTOTHEWEATHERDROUGHTANDPLANTGROWTHTHEWATERAFTERTHERAINSHOULDBEREMOVEDINTIME23SONGSHI,WEEDINGLARGESHRUBWEEDSUNDERTHEERADICATION,ESPECIALLYSERIOUSHARMTOALLKINDSOFVINETREES,SUCHASSILKLIKEPARASITICPLANTSMUSTBEELIMINATEDTHESOILAROUNDTHEROOTOFTHETREESHOULDBEKEPTLOOSE,ANDTHESOILTHATISEASYTOHARDENSHOULDBEGROUNDONCEAMONTHINTHESEASONOFTRANSPIRATIONTHEDEPTHOFTHESOILISNOTLIMITEDTOTHEGROWTHOFTHEROOTSYSTEMTHETREESPLANTEDINTHELAWNMUSTCUTTHELAWNAROUNDTHETREEHOLEEVERYYEARWEEDINGSHOULDBEINSUNNYORSUMMERWEATHER,ANDTHESOILISNOTTOOWETUSUALLYIN50WHENSOILMOISTURE,NOTINTHEMUDDYSOILCONDITION,SOASNOTTODAMAGETHESOILSTRUCTURETHEUSEOFCHEMICALHERBICIDESMUSTENSURETHESAFETYOFGARDENPLANTSDONOTHARMITTHEWEEDSSHOULDBECLEANEDUPINTIME,TRANSPORTED,BURIEDORMADEFERTILIZERINDIFFERENTPLACES24FERTILIZATIONDORMANTTREESANDPLANTING,FERTILIZERDEMANDACCORDINGTOTHEGROWTHPERIODOFPLANTGROWTHPOTENTIALFERTILIZER,FERTILIZATIONINFLOWERINGSHRUBSSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTBEFOREANDAFTERTHEBLOSSOMTHEAMOUNTOFFERTILIZERWASDETERMINEDACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTTREESPECIES,TREEAGE,GROWTHPOTENTIALANDSOILPHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESALLKINDSOFGREENLANDSHOULDBEMAINLYORGANICFERTILIZER,ANDORGANICMANURESHOULDBEUSEDAFTERDECOMPOSITIONAPPLICATIONOFTRACEELEMENTSANDEXTERNALFERTILIZATIONTECHNIQUESPOPULARIZATIONANDAPPLICATIONOFCOMPOUNDFERTILIZERANDLONGACTINGSLOWRELEASEFERTILIZERTREEFERTILIZATIONSHOULDBEDUGFIRSTFERTILIZATIONDITCHTHEDIAMETERANDCROWNFITTHEWIDTHANDWIDTHOFRINGGROOVEARE2530CMEXCEPTFERTILIZATION,FERTILIZERMUSTNOTTOUCHTHELEAVES,FERTILIZATIONSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTONASUNNYDAY25PRUNINGANDSHAPINGPRUNINGCANADJUSTTHETREEBALANCEDTREES,TREESANDWATERREGULATINGVENTILATIONANDLIGHTDISTRIBUTION,PROMOTETREEGROWTHPLASTICISTHEFORMATIONOFSPECIFICFORMSOFPLANTSBYARTIFICIALMEANSALLKINDSOFGREENTREESANDSHRUBSWITHNATURALTREEPRUNING,ORNAMENTALTREESFROMTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHESHAPING,ACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTREEGROWTH,CROWNORTREECULTUREINTOSHAPEARBORMAINLYPRUNINGBRANCHES,BRANCHES,BRANCHESANDINSECTPESTS,BRANCHES,SHITAMIE,TWISTEDBRANCHESANDBRANCHESROTTENHEADTHEHEIGHTOFROADSIDETREEBRANCHESISSTRICTLYCONTROLLEDACCORDINGTOTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEROADTHEOVERHEADLINESARETRIMMEDBYCUPSHAPED,UNIFORMBRANCHESANDROUNDCROWNSHRUBSSHRUBSPRUNINGSHOULDPROMOTELEAFYBRANCHES,UNIFORMDISTRIBUTIONTHEPRUNINGOFFLOWERINGSHRUBSISCONDUCIVETOTHEFORMATIONOFSHORTSHOOTSANDFLOWERBUDS,ANDFOLLOWSTHE“FIRSTUPANDDOWN“FIRST,INSIDEANDOUTSIDE,GOTOWEAK,STAYSTRONG,GOTOTHEOLDTOLEAVETHENEWPRINCIPLESOFPRUNINGHEDGEHEDGEPRUNINGSHOULDPROMOTEITSBRANCHES,KEEPTHEWHOLEPLANTFOLIAGEPLUMPALSOCANBEUSEDFORPRUNINGTHESPECIALSHAPEOFTHENEATLINES,TOGRADUALLYPRUNEHEDGETHENUMBEROFPRUNINGANDGROWTHASAHEDGEGROUNDCOVERSANDCLIMBERSPRUNINGOFGROUNDANDCLIMBINGPLANTSPROMOTESBRANCHINGANDACCELERATESTHEFUNCTIONOFCOVERINGANDCLIMBINGTHEPERENNIALCLIMBINGPLANTSSHOULDBEREMOVED,REMOVEOLDVINEBRANCHESWHENTHEBRANCHPRUNING,THECUTMUSTDEPENDONTHESECTION,THECUTTINGMOUTHSHOULDBEONTHESIDEOFTHECUTBUD45“TILT“,CUTTHEMOUTHTOBESMOOTH,ANDAPPLYTHEGARDENPRESERVATIVETHESTOUTLIMBSSHOULDADOPTSEGMENTCUTBRANCHMETHOD,PREVENTTEARBARK,THEOPERATIONTOTHECAUTIONDORMANTPRUNINGMAINLYFORSHAPINGSLIGHTLYHEAVYLPRUNINGGROWTHPERIODTOADJUSTTHETREEPRUNING,PRUNINGCUTSHOULDBELIGHT,TOAVOIDTHEPEAKPERIODOFTHEBLEEDINGTREEBUDS,TILLERSANDBRANCHESSHOULDBEREMOVEDDURINGTHEGROWTHPERIODOFTREESTHEADVENTITIOUSBUDSSHOULDNOTEXCEED20CM,ANDTHEBARKSHOULDNOTBEPULLEDOFFWHENBUDSAREPEELEDCLEANTHERESIDUEANDCLEANITINTIMETOENSURETHECLEANLINESSOFTHEWORKINGSITE26PROTECTIVEFACILITIESENCLOSUREINORDERTOPREVENTVEHICLESANDMANMADEDESTRUCTIONOFGREENSPACEANDCOLLISIONOFTREES,WITHOUTAFFECTINGTHESIGHTSEEING,VIEWINGANDLANDSCAPE,USEAVARIETYOFFENCESAROUNDTREESHEDGEOROTHERFORMSOFFENCINGTHETALLTREESINTHESTORMONTHEEVEOFTHEFALLENSHOULDBEPREPAREDTOPREVENTTHEPREVENTIONWORK,ACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALSITUATIONOFTREES,TAKETHEVERTICALPILLAR,LASHING,SOIL,RIGHTING,THINNING,PLAYINGPILEANDOTHERCOMPREHENSIVEMEASURESRESPECTIVELYPREVENTIVEWORKSHOULDBEDONEBEFORETHEENDOFJUNETHETYPHOONSEASONSHOULDBECHECKEDATANYTIMEFINDOUTPROBLEMSANDSOLVETHEMINTIMERESCUEWORK1WHENTHESTORMCOMES,THETREESTHATHAVEFALLENANDINFLUENCETHETRAFFICSHOULDBETAKENTOTHESIDEWALK,ANDTHEBRANCHESOFTHECROWNSHOULDBETRIMMEDINTIMESOASTOMAKESURETHEROADISCONVENIENTTWOAFTERTHESTORM,PRIORITYSHOULDBEGIVENTOTHERESCUEFIRSTOFALL,TOSAVETHETRAFFICANDTHETREESWILLBERESCUEDFORLOCALLYPLANTEDTREESDIFFICULTTOSURVIVE,THECROWNSHOULDBESTRONGCUTEVACUATIONNURSERYMAINTENANCERIGHTINGTHETREEUPSIDEDOWNTREESINTIMETHREE,AFTERTHESTORMSHOULDREMOVETHEREINFORCEMENT,UNSIGHTLYHINDERTRAFFICEASYTODAMAGETREES,WINTERSHOULDTAKEROOTUP,THEMAINRODDRESSING,FORTIFICATIONWINDBREAKCOLDPROOFMEASURES,COLDWORKSHOULDBEBEFORETHEENDOFDECEMBERWITHCAMBODIATHEBRANCHESANDLEAVESSHOULDBECLEAREDUPINTIME,ANDTHETREESWITHLODGINGDANGERSHOULDBESUPPORTEDANDPROTECTEDTREATMENTANDREPLANTINGOF27DEADTREESTHEMAINROADSANDSTREETGREENSPACES,ASWELLASPARKS,SQUARESANDOTHERMAINSCENICSPOTDEADTREESSHOULDBEDUGTOGETHERWITHTHEROOTS,ANDFILLTHEPITTHEDEADTREESANDANCIENTTREESSHOULDBEEXAMINEDANDAPPROVEDBYTHECOMPETENTDEPARTMENTOFLANDSCAPEGREENINGBEFORETHEEXCAVATION,ANDNOUNITORINDIVIDUALSHALLBEALLOWEDTODIGTHEMWITHOUTPERMISSIONTHEORIGINALTREESPECIESSHOULDBESELECTEDFORREPLANTINGTREES,ANDTHESPECIFICATIONSSHOULDBESIMILARIFTHEORIGINALTREESPECIESORSPECIFICATIONSARECHANGED,THEORIGINALLANDSCAPESHOULDBECOORDINATEDTHEPLANTINGTREESPECIESMUSTBECONSISTENTWITHTHEORIGINALTREESPECIES,ANDTHESPECIFICATIONSSHOULDBECONSISTENTASMUCHASPOSSIBLETHEPLANTINGSEASONISTHESAMEASTHATINGREENPLANTINGSEASON3GROUNDCOVERPLANTSANDLAWNMAINTENANCE31GROUNDCOVERPLANTSTHEGROUNDCOVERPLANTSSHOULDLOOSENTHEIRSOILANDWEEDEVERYYEARBEFORETHEYARECOVEREDDAMAGETOROOTSANDSTEMSSHOULDBEAVOIDEDINWEEDINGWHENTHEWEATHERISDRYANDTHESOILISDRY,THEWATERSHOULDBEWATEREDTIMELYANDAPPROPRIATELYFERTILIZERSHOULDBEAPPLIEDBEFOREGERMINATIONINEARLYSPRING,ANDTHINMANUREAPPLICATIONINGROWINGSEASONDEADPLANTSSHOULDBETIMELYEXCAVATIONANDREPLANTING,ANDFLOWERSTOCLEANUPANYLITTERGROTTOESWOODNATIVEPLANTSSHOULDBEPRUNEDINWINTERDORMANCYPERIOD,SOTHATPLANTSSHOULDBEKEPTATAHEIGHTOFNOMORETHAN60CMDURINGTHEGROWTHPERIODBULBOUSPERENNIAL,TERRESTRIALPLANTS,FROM3TO4YEARSAFTERTHEGROWTHOFROOTS,CROWDEDSOASTOAFFECTITSNORMALGROWTH,ACCORDINGTODIFFERENTKINDSOFPHYSIOLOGICALHABITSINTORAMETSORUPDATETRANSPLANTATION32LAWNTHECOVERAGEOFLAWNSHOULDNOTBELESSTHAN95,PESTANDDISEASESHOULDBECONTROLLED,WEEDSSHOULDBEREMOVEDINTIMETOENSURETHENORMALCOLOROFLAWN,GOODGROWTH,NOOBVIOUSWEEDS,ANDTHEEMPTYBALDAREASHOULDBEPLANTEDINTIMEWATERINGMUSTBESOAKEDTHROUGHTHEROOTLAYER,ANDTHEDEPTHOFTHETAXISHOULDBESOAKEDTO10CM,WITHOUTLONGPONDINGONTHEGROUNDIRRIGATIONAMOUNTSHOULDBEDETERMINEDACCORDINGTOSOILQUALITY,GROWTHPOTENTIAL,GRASSSPECIESANDOTHERFACTORSIRRIGATIONSHOULDBEMAINLYCONTROLLEDBYIRRIGATIONORBYSOAKINGIRRIGATIONREMOVETHEWATERONTHELAWN,AVAILABLESURFACEDRAINAGEANDUNDERGROUNDDRAINAGEDITCHDRAINAGEINTHEGROWINGSEASON,THELAWNSHOULDBEPRUNEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHE1/3PRINCIPLESTOMAINTAINACERTAINHEIGHTTHEHEIGHTOFCOLDSEASONAFTERPRUNINGSHOULDBE6080MM,ANDTHESUMMERSEASONSHOULDBECONTROLLEDAT80100MMTHEWARMSEASONTYPESHOULDBE5070MMPRUNINGSHOULDBESMOOTH,NOEDGESLEFT,SHOULDBETIMELY,INADDITIONTOTHENETOUTOFGRASSTHELASTPRUNINGOFWARMSEASONLAWNSHOULDBERENOVATEDINAUTUMNTHENUMBEROFPRUNINGPERYEARDEPENDSONTHEGROWTHOFTHELAWNTHECOLDSEASONLAWNSUITABLEFERTILIZERINSPRINGANDAUTUMN,WARMSEASONTURFSHOULDBEINLATESPRINGORDORMANCYBEFOREANDAFTERFERTILIZATIONTOPDRESSINGSHOULDBEBASEDONCOMPOUNDFERTILIZER,ANDTHETIMEANDQUANTITYOFTOPDRESSINGSHOULDBEDETERMINEDACCORDINGTOTHEGROWTHOFLAWNINTHELAWN,THEEDGEOFTHETREEALTARANDFLOWERBEDSHOULDBECUTEDGETOKEEPTHELINESCLEARANDTIDYLAWNDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSSHOULDBEPREVENTEDMAINLY,COMBINEDWITHPREVENTIONANDCONTROL,MAINTAINECOLOGICALBALANCE,TRYTOADOPTBIOLOGICALCONTROL,PROTECTNATURALENEMIESCHEMICALAGENTSSHOULDBESELECTEDFORCHEMICALCONTROLORCHEMICALREAGENTSWITHHIGHEFFICIENCYANDLOWTOXICITYINAUTUMNANDWINTER,HOLESCANBEUSEDTOBURROWHOLESONTHELAWN,REMOVEOLDMEN,SCATTERPEATORSANDGRAINS,INCREASETHEPERMEABILITYOFLAWNSOIL,ANDPROMOTETHEGROWTHOFLAWN,ANDTHECAVESSHOULDBESTAGGEREDTHELAWNWASREMOVEDONEORTWOTIMESAYEARWITHHARROWORGRASSCUTTERTHEORNAMENTALLAWNISSTRICTLYPROHIBITEDTOTRAMPLEWHENTHELAWNISINBUDORTHESOILISWETORHARDEN,ITISSUSPENDEDAFTERWATERING4FLOWERBEDSANDFLOWERCONSERVATION41FLOWERBEDSACCORDINGTOTHEGRADINGSTANDARDOFFLOWERBEDS,THETECHNICALMEASURESANDMANAGEMENTSTANDARDSFORGRADINGMAINTENANCEOFFLOWERBEDSAREFORMULATEDCHANGEMUSTBEDEEPPLOWINGHARROWFINEFLOWERSBEFORETRANSPLANTING,EXCEPTASPEOPLESTONE,GRASSCLIPPINGS,REMNANTSTEM,LEAVESANDOTHERDEBRIS,SHIZUJIFEITHEPROTECTIVEFACILITIESOFTHEFLOWERBEDSSHOULDBEKEPTINGOODCONDITION,ANDTHESAFETYOFPEDESTRIANSANDTOURISTSSHOULDBEENSUREDASMUCHASPOSSIBLETHESTEREOFLOWERBEDSHOULDBECOORDINATEDWITHTHESURROUNDINGENVIRONMENTSETATTHEROADSIDEMOSAICULTUREWILLNOTAFFECTTRAFFICSIGHT,MOSAICULTURETOSTABLE,PREVENTTHEGALETHEMAINFLOWERBEDCHANGEFLOWERTIMEANDSPACESETTINGPERIODWITHIN10DAYS,THEFLOWERCOVERAGERATEISMORETHAN8542FLOWERSPREPARATIONOFFLOWERSCANBEPLANTEDINTHEPLANTING,ALLDAYLONGTHEMAXIMUMTEMPERATUREOF25DEGCWHENTHETEMPERATUREISHIGHERTHAN25DEGC,SHOULDAVOIDHIGHTEMPERATUREATNOONTIME,SHOULDBEINTHEMORNINGANDEVENINGORCLOUDYDAY,IMMEDIATELYAFTERTRANSPLANTINGWATERING,WATERINGTOPREVENTSOILEROSIONTOTHESTEMSANDLEAVESOFPLANTS,KEEPCLEANTHEFLOWERGROWTHPERIODSHOULDBETIMELYWEEDING,WEEDING,SPRAYINGWATERIMMEDIATELYAFTERTHEAPPLICATIONOFFERTILIZER,ANDDOAGOODJOBOFPESTCONTROLCHOOSETHEROBUSTGROWTHOFSEEDLINGSTRANSPLANTING,SEEDLINGSWITHBUDSBEFORETRANSPLANTING,WITHEREDFLOWERANDLEAVESTOTIMELYPRUNING,LACKOFPLANTTOTIMELYPLANTING,KEEPCLEANANDCOMPLETEFLOWERTHEREPLACEMENTOFFLOWERFOLIAGEINATIMELYMANNER,THECLASSMUSTBEFOREANTHESISSWAP,FLOWERINGTYPEMUSTBEINTHEFLOWERBEFORETHESWAPWOODYFLOWERSSHOULDBETIMELYPRUNINGANDSHAPINGPERENNIALBULBOUSFLOWER,TOUPDATE,EASYLODGINGFLOWERSTOTIECOLUMN5PREVENTPOLLUTIONANDPREVENTDISEASESANDINSECTPESTS51PREVENTPOLLUTIONTHEDRAINAGEPIPENETWORKANDDRAINAGEPIPENETWORKINTHEGREENSPACESHOULDBEUNOBSTRUCTEDANDEFFECTIVE,ANDTHEREISNOLEAKAGEPOINTIFTHEREISANYWASTEGASWHICHISHARMFULTOPLANTGROWTH,ITSHOULDBEREPORTEDTOTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONDEPARTMENTTIMELYTOPREVENTPOLLUTIONIFNECESSARY,THEPLANTVARIETIESTHATPLANTHARMFULGASSHOULDBEADJUSTEDITISFORBIDDENTOCOLLECTWASTELIQUID,WASTERESIDUEANDDUMPEDPOLLUTANTSNEARTHEROOTOFTREESTHEAPPLICATIONOFCHEMICALFERTILIZERANDMEDICAMENTSHOULDBEREASONABLEANDSHALLNOTPOLLUTETHEENVIRONMENTORGANICFERTILIZERMUSTBEDECOMPOSEDAFTERUSE,DONOTUSEHUMANEXCREMENTANDTHECOUNTRYBANNEDTHEUSEOFDRUGS52PREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFPLANTDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSTOPROTECTTHEECOLOGICALBALANCE,MAKEFULLUSEOFTHEDIVERSITYOFGARDENPLANTSTOPROTECTANDPROLIFERATETHEENEMY,PREVENTANDCONTROLDISEASESANDINSECTPESTS,ANDIMPLEMENTTHEPRINCIPLEOF“PREVENTIONFIRST,COMPREHENSIVEPREVENTIONANDCONTROL“INORDERTOIMPORTANDEXPORTSEEDLINGS,WEMUSTSTRICTLYABIDEBYTHERELEVANTPLANTQUARANTINEREGULATIONSANDRELEVANTREGULATIONSTODOAGOODJOBOFFORECASTINGANDFORECASTINGTHEDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSOFGARDENPLANTS,PAYCLOSEATTENTIONTOTHEOCCURRENCEOFPESTSANDDISEASESINTHESURROUNDINGAREAS,ANDMAKEAGOODPLANFORPREVENTIONANDCONTROLSTRENGTHENOBSERVATION,LOCALSERIOUSDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSAREAMUSTBETIMELYCONTROL,TOPREVENTTHESPREADOFTHESPREADPROHIBITEDTHEUSEOFTOXICCHEMICALSANDORGANICCHLORINE,ORGANICCHEMICALPESTICIDES,CHEMICALPESTICIDESSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHERELEVANTPROVISIONSOFTHESAFEOPERATIONANDOPERATIONLARGEAREASOFPESTSANDDISEASESSHOULDBENOTIFIEDTOTHESURROUNDINGAREASINTIME6TECHNICALARCHIVESALLUNITSMUSTESTABLISHACOMPLETEMAINTENANCEFILEOFGARDENPLANTS,COLLECT,SORTOUTANDACCUMULATEDATAANDSUMMARIZEEXPERIENCEINTIMETECHNICALARCHIVESCONTENT1NATURALCONDITIONSANDCHANGEDATAOFCLIMATE,PHENOLOGY,MOISTURE,SOIL,TOPOGRAPHYANDUNDERGROUNDSTRUCTURESINGREENLANDTWOTHEHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTOFGREENLANDCONSTRUCTIONTHREERECORDSOFPLANTSPECIESANDCONSERVATIONMEASURESFOURAPPLICATIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGY,NEWTECHNOLOGYANDNEWACHIEVEMENTSOFINDIVIDUALTECHNICALDATAFIVERECORDOFDEADTREESSIXALLKINDSOFSTATISTICALTABLESANDINVESTIGATIONREPORTS,SUMMARIES,ETCTHEANNUALTECHNICALARCHIVESSHOULDBECLASSIFIED,BOUND,COMPILEDDIRECTORY,FILETHETHIRDCHAPTERPESTCONTROLTHEPREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSCANBECARRIEDOUTINTWOWAYSHYGIENPREVENTIVEMEASURESORDIRECTCONTROLTHERAPBUTINANDZYCHA,1973SCHWERDTFEG6R1970PREVENTIVEMEASURESINCLUDEMEASURESTOMEETALLECOLOGICALREQUIREMENTSANDLOCALCONDITIONS,SUCHASLOCALSELECTIONSUITABLETREESPECIESANDINCLUDINGFERTILIZATION,STRENGTHENTHEEFFECTOFPATHOGENRESISTANCEANDPROTECTIONOFBENEFICIALORGANISMSCULTIVATIONANDMANAGEMENTMEASURESOFEMBARRASSMENTDIRECTPREVENTIONANDCORRECTDIAGNOSISISTHEBASISFORTAKINGAPPROPRIATEMEASURESTOPREVENTANDCONTROLDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSDIRECTLYFIRSTOFALL,WEMUSTFIRSTWHETHERORNOTTHEREISANABNORMALEXPANSIONINTHERANGEOFINFECTION,BECAUSEONLYWHENTHESECONDITIONSOCCUR,ISTHEBIOLOGICALCOMMUNITYWORTHWHILELAUNCHAFIERCEOFFENSIVEDIRECTCONTROLMEASURESCANBEMECHANICALCOLLECTINGORCAPTURINGPESTS,REMOVINGINFECTEDPARTS,CHEMICALORBIOLOGICALCHEMICALCONTROLOFDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSINTHEFIRSTSECTIONCHEMICALCONTROLISNOWWIDELYUSEDTHEMETHODISTOUSETOXICSUBSTANCESTODISTURBTHEPHYSIOLOGICALPROCESSESOFHARMFULORGANISMS,THEREBYKILLINGHARMFULORGANISMSANDHINDERINGSUBSTANCES,SUCHASANTIBIOTICS,TOPREVENTTHESPREADOFPATHOGENSREPULSIVESUBSTANCESCANAFFECTTHESENSORYORGANSOFINSECTS,SUCHASTHESPREADOFUNPLEASANTSUBSTANCESATTRACTANTCANLUREINSECTSANDTRAPPINGALARGENUMBEROFBAIT,ISTHISKINDOFMATERIALPOISONORALLYBYINSECTMOUTHPARTS,PERCUTANEOUSBYPLANTEPIDERMISORABSORPTIONBYPLANTS,LIQUIDFLOWISTOXICPOISONSARETOXICORTOXIC,ANDSOMEARETOXICTOPLANTS,ANDTHEREFORECANDAMAGEHOSTSSUBSTANCESUSEDTOKILLHARMFULMICROORGANISMSANDANIMALSARECOLLECTIVELYREFERREDTOASPESTICIDESPESTICIDESINCLUDEFUNGICIDES,INSECTICIDES,RODENTICIDE,ANDNEMATODEKILLINGAGENTSSOMEOFTHESEDRUGSAREORGANICSUBSTANCES,ANDSOMEAREINORGANICSUBSTANCESTHEREAREMANYKINDSOFPESTICIDES,ANDEACHHASITSOWNSPECIALUSETECHNOLOGYWHENTHEDOSAGEISINCREASED,THEEFFECTISMOREOBVIOUS,BUTTHEEFFICACYISGRADUALLYDECREASED,ANDFINALLYITISINVALIDTHEREFORE,THEAPPLICATIONOFTHEDOSAGESPECIFIEDINTHEPRODUCTDESCRIPTION,THEWELLCANNOTRECEIVEBETTERRESULTSTHEVALIDITYOFPESTICIDESISNOTABSOLUTEINFACT,THEREISNOLIMITPOISONIFTHEPOISONISEFFECTIVEFORALONGTIMESUCHASGAS,THEMINIMUMDOSEISALSOEFFECTIVETHESENSITIVITYOFPESTSTOCHEMICALAGENTSVARIESWITHSPECIES,GENERA,STAGESOFDEVELOPMENT,INSTARS,TROPHICSTATUS,ANDPARASITEINVASIONENVIRONMENTALFACTORS,SUCHASSOIL,CLIMATE,TEMPERATURE,HUMIDITY,LIGHTANDSOLARRADIATION,CANINCREASEORDECREASETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFPESTICIDESANDTHEEFFECTOFCONTROLLINGPESTSANDDISEASESTABLE68,A,BSIDEEFFECTSANDPOSTACTIONSOFCHEMICALPESTICIDESIFTHEDOSEOFPESTICIDESHASNOLETHALEFFECTONPESTS,THESELECTIONPROCESSWILLOCCURTHERESISTANTINSECTSAREPRESERVEDBECAUSEPESTICIDESCANNOTKILLTHESEPESTS,ITISNECESSARYTOINCREASETHEAMOUNTANDCONCENTRATIONOFPESTICIDES,SOTHATOTHERANIMALFAUNATHENATURALENEMYTOTHEPESTISALSOKILLEDALONGWITHTHEPESTTHATPREVENTSITINTHEAPPLETREE,FOUND1000HEADANDLIMBSOFANIMAL,OFWHICHONLY300HEAD300HEADISINSECTPESTS,YAOENEMY,200HEADSARECARNIVOROUS,200BELONGTOLOOKINGFORHONEYDEWSAPROPHYTES,BUTALLTHESELIMBJOINTSAREKILLEDBYPESTICIDESCHEMICALSCANDIRECTLYSTIMULATETHEPROLIFERATIONOFOTHERPESTSANDINCREASETHENUMBEROFINSECTPESTS,ANDFISHANDBIRDSWILLBEDIRECTLYORINDIRECTLYAFFECTEDHURT。THEREPRODUCTIONOFEXISTINGBIRDSCANALSOBESERIOUSLYHAMPEREDCHEMICALSCANALSOHARMSOMECULTIVATEDPLANTS,ANDUSESULFIDEANDCOPPERCONTAININGCOMPOUNDSASWELLASSIDECHEMICALSTHEAPPLICATIONANDEFFECTOFCHEMICALRESIDUE,WILLEVENTUALLYHARMTOHUMANHEALTHITISNECESSARYTORECOGNIZETHATTHESECONDITIONSHAVEAFFECTEDTHEENTIREBIOLOGICALCOMMUNITY,ANDTHEREFORENEEDTOFUNDAMENTALLYCHANGETHISSITUATIONSOMETHESHARPDECLINEINSPECIESCOMMUNITIESCANINCREASETHERISKOFOTHERSPECIESTOPROLIFERATETHECONTROLOFCHEMICALSCANBEUSEDRAPIDANDEFFECTIVEPREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFHARMFULORGANISMSHOWEVER,THESIDEEFFECTSOFCHEMICALSSHOULDBECONSIDEREDINOTHERWAYSSOLVETHEPROBLEMTOACHIEVETHEDESIREDEFFECTTHERECENTEFFECTOFTHISSTUDYISNOTDECISIVE,BUTITCANPRODUCELONGTERMECOLOGICALBENEFITSBIOLOGICALCONTROLOFSECONDDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSBIOLOGICALCONTROLISTHEOPPOSITEOFCHEMICALCONTROL,WHICHISBASEDONTHELAWSOFECOSYSTEMSSOITSGOODFORTHEENVIRONMENT,ANDITSAVESTIMEANDMONEYUNFORTUNATELY,SOFAR,BIOLOGICALCONTROLHASONLYBEENFOCUSEDONAGRICULTURE,FRUITTREECULTIVATIONANDSOONPREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFFORESTRYPESTSHOWEVER,THEREHASNOTBEENANYSPECIALSTUDYONTHECONTROLOFPARASITESINPARTICULARTREESINBIOLOGICALCONTROL,USEDTOCONTROLINSECTPESTSARECARNIVOROUSANDPREDATORYINSECTS,CAVERNOUSPARASITES,PATHOGENICFUNGI,BACTERIA,RICKETTSIA,PROTOZOAANDVIRUSES,THEYCANPRODUCETHELETHALINFECTIONONINSECTSMICROBIALCONTROLINADDITION,SOMESPECIESCANCHANGETHEIRHEREDITYBYSTERILITY,SOASTOACHIEVETHEGOALOFSELFDESTRUCTIONTHEREFORE,THEPURPOSEOFPREVENTIONANDCONTROLISNOTTOELIMINATEPESTSDIRECTLY,BUTTOPROVIDENATURALENEMIESOFPESTSPROVIDEDISAMETHODOFNATURALENEMIESOFTHEMOSTSIMPLE,BUTMUSTACCURATELYGRASPANDRESEARCHOFT