12月英语六级真题及答案详解

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WILLHAVEANUMBEROFSERIOUSSECURITYIMPLICATIONSFOREXAMPLE,THESHORTAGEOFYOUNGADULTSISLIKELYTOMAKECOUNTRIESMORERELUCTANTTOCOMMITTHEFEWTHEYHAVETOMILITARYSERVICEINTHEDECADESTO2050,AMERICAWILLFINDITSELFPLAYINGANEVERINCREASINGROLEINTHEDEVELOPEDWORLDSDEFENCEEFFORTBECAUSEAMERICASPOPULATIONWILLSTILLBEGROWINGWHENTHATOFMOSTOTHERDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESISSHRINKING,AMERICAWILLBETHEONLYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYTHATSTILLMATTERSGEOPOLITICALLY地缘政治上ASKMEIN2020THEREISLITTLETHATCANBEDONETOSTOPPOPULATIONAGEING,SOTHEWORLDWILLHAVETOLIVEWITHITBUTSOMEOFTHECONSEQUENCESCANBEALLEVIATEDMANYEXPERTSNOWBELIEVETHATGIVENTHERIGHTPOLICIES,THEEFFECTS,THOUGHGRAVE,NEEDNOTBECATASTROPHICMOSTCOUNTRIESHAVERECOGNISEDTHENEEDTODOSOMETHINGANDAREBEGINNINGTOACTBUTEVENTHENTHEREISNOGUARANTEETHATTHEIREFFORTSWILLWORKWHATISHAPPENINGNOWISHISTORICALLYUNPRECEDENTEDRONALDLEE,DIRECTOROFTHECENTREONTHEECONOMICSANDDEMOGRAPHYOFAGEINGATTHEUNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA,BERKELEY,PUTSITBRIEFLYANDCLEARLY“WEDONTREALLYKNOWWHATPOPULATIONAGEINGWILLBELIKE,BECAUSENOBODYHASDONEITYET“注意此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1INITS1994REPORT,THEWORLDBANKARGUEDTHATTHECURRENTPENSIONSYSTEMINMOSTCOUNTRIESCOULD_ANOTBESUSTAINEDINTHELONGTERMBFURTHERACCELERATETHEAGEINGPROCESSCHARDLYHALTTHEGROWTHOFPOPULATIONDHELPTIDEOVERTHECURRENTAGEINGCRISIS2WHATMESSAGEISCONVEYEDINBOOKSLIKEYOUNGVSOLDATHEGENERATIONGAPISBOUNDTONARROWBINTERGENERATIONALCONFLICTSWILLINTENSIFYCTHEYOUNGERGENERATIONWILLBEATTHEOLDDOLDPEOPLESHOULDGIVEWAYTOTHEYOUNG3ONEREASONWHYPENSIONANDHEALTHCAREREFORMSARESLOWINCOMINGISTHAT_ANOBODYISWILLINGTOSACRIFICETHEIROWNINTERESTSTOTACKLETHEPROBLEMBMOSTPEOPLEAREAGAINSTMEASURESTHATWILLNOTBEARFRUITIMMEDIATELYCTHEPROPOSEDREFORMSWILLAFFECTTOOMANYPEOPLESINTERESTSDPOLITICIANSAREAFRAIDOFLOSINGVOTESINTHENEXTELECTION4THEAUTHORBELIEVESTHEMOSTEFFECTIVEMETHODTOSOLVETHEPENSIONCRISISISTO_AALLOWPEOPLETOWORKLONGERCCUTBACKONHEALTHCAREPROVISIONSBINCREASETAXREVENUESDSTARTREFORMSRIGHTAWAY5THEREASONWHYEMPLOYERSAREUNWILLINGTOKEEPOLDERWORKERSISTHAT_ATHEYAREGENERALLYDIFFICULTTOMANAGEBTHELONGERTHEYWORK,THEHIGHERTHEIRPENSIONCTHEIRPAYISHIGHERTHANTHATOFYOUNGERONESDYOUNGERWORKERSAREREADILYAVAILABLE6TOCOMPENSATEFORTHEFASTSHRINKINGLABOURFORCE,JAPANWOULDNEED_ATOREVISEITSCURRENTPOPULATIONCONTROLPOLICYBLARGENUMBERSOFIMMIGRANTSFROMOVERSEASCTOAUTOMATEITSMANUFACTURINGANDSERVICEINDUSTRIESDAPOLITICALLYFEASIBLEPOLICYCONCERNINGPOPULATION7WHYDOMANYWOMENINRICHCOUNTRIESCOMPROMISEBYHAVINGONLYONECHILDASMALLFAMILIESAREBECOMINGMOREFASHIONABLEBTHEYFINDITHARDTOBALANCECAREERANDFAMILYCITISTOOEXPENSIVETOSUPPORTALARGEFAMILYDCHILDCAREISTOOBIGAPROBLEMFORTHEM8COMPAREDWITHYOUNGERONES,OLDERSOCIETIESARELESSINCLINEDTO_9THEPREDICTEDINTERGENERATIONALWARFAREISUNLIKELYBECAUSEMOSTOFTHEOLDERPEOPLETHEMSELVES_10COUNTRIESTHATHAVEASHORTAGEOFYOUNGADULTSWILLBELESSWILLINGTOCOMMITTHEMTO_PARTIIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION35MINUTESSECTIONASECTIONCPSYCHOLOGISTSAREFINDINGTHATHOPEPLAYSASURPRISINGLYVITALROLEINGIVINGPEOPLEAMEASURABLEADVANTAGEINREALMSAS36_ASACADEMICACHIEVEMENT,BEARINGUPINTOUGHJOBSANDCOPINGWITH37_ILLNESSAND,BYCONTRAST,THELOSSOFHOPEISTURNINGOUTTOBEASTRONGERSIGNTHATAPERSONMAY38_SUICIDETHANOTHERFACTORSLONGTHOUGHTTOBEMORELIKELYRISKS“HOPEHASPROVENAPOWERFULPREDICTOROF39_INEVERYSTUDYWEVEDONESOFAR,”SAIDDRCHARLESRSNYDER,APSYCHOLOGISTWHOHASDEVISEDA40_TOASSESSHOWMUCHHOPEAPERSONHASFOREXAMPLE,INRESEARCHWITH3,920COLLEGESTUDENTS,DRSNYDERANDHIS41_FOUNDTHATTHELEVELOFHOPEAMONGFRESHMENATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEIRFIRSTSEMESTERWASAMORE42_PREDICTOROFTHEIRCOLLEGEGRADESTHANWERETHEIRSATSCORESORTHEIRGRADEPOINT43_INHIGHSCHOOL,THETWOMEASURESMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDTOPREDICTCOLLEGEPERFORMANCE44”_,”DRSNYDERSAID“WHENYOUCOMPARESTUDENTSOFEQUIVALENTINTELLIGENCEANDPASTACADEMICACHIEVEMENTS,WHATSETSTHEMAPARTISHOPE”INDEVISINGAWAYTOASSESSHOPESCIENTIFICALLY,DRSNYDER45_“THATNOTIONISNOTCONCRETEENOUGH,ANDITBLURSTWOKEYCOMPONENTSOFHOPE,”DRSNYDERSAID46”_”PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONREADINGINDEPTH25MINUTESQUESTIONS47TO51AREBASEDONTHEFOLLOWINGPASSAGEMOSTYOUNGBOYSARETRAINEDTOBELIEVETHATMENSHOULDBESTRONG,TOUGH,COOL,ANDDETACHEDTHUS,THEYLEARNEARLYTOHIDEVULNERABLEEMOTIONSSUCHASLOVE,JOY,ANDSADNESSBECAUSETHEYBELIEVETHATSUCHFEELINGSAREFEMININEANDIMPLYWEAKNESSOVERTIME,SOMEMENBECOMESTRANGERSTOTHEIROWNEMOTIONALLIVESITSEEMSTHATMENWITHTRADITIONALVIEWSOFMASCULINITYAREMORELIKELYTOSUPPRESSOUTWARDEMOTIONSANDTOFEAREMOTIONS,SUPPOSEDLYBECAUSESUCHFEELINGSMAYLEADTOALOSSOFCOMPOSURE镇定KEEPINMIND,HOWEVER,THATTHISVIEWISCHALLENGEDBYSOMERESEARCHERSASWITHMANYGENDERGAPS,DIFFERENCESINEMOTIONALITYTENDTOBESMALL,INCONSISTENT,ANDDEPENDENTONTHESITUATIONFORINSTANCE,ROBERTSONANDCOLLEAGUESFOUNDTHATMALESWHOWEREMORETRADITIONALLYMASCULINEWEREMOREEMOTIONALLYEXPRESSIVEINASTRUCTUREDEXERCISETHANWHENTHEYWERESIMPLYASKEDTOTALKABOUTTHEIREMOTIONSMALESDIFFICULTYWITH“TENDER”EMOTIONSHASSERIOUSCONSEQUENCESFIRST,SUPPRESSEDEMOTIONSCANCONTRIBUTETOSTRESSRELATEDDISORDERSANDWORSE,MENARELESSLIKELYTHANWOMENTOSEEKHELPFROMHEALTHPROFESSIONALSSECOND,MENSEMOTIONALINEXPRESSIVENESSCANCAUSEPROBLEMSINTHEIRRELATIONSHIPSWITHPARTNERSANDCHILDRENFOREXAMPLE,MENWHOENDORSETRADITIONALMASCULINENORMSREPORTLOWERRELATIONSHIPSATISFACTION,ASDOTHEIRFEMALEPARTNERSFUR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