LXW80轮式底盘旋挖钻机设计（全套含CAD图纸）
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lxw80
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附录AOPERATIONSDRILLINGWHENDRILLINGAHEADWITHATOPDRIVE,ADHERETOTHESAMESAFETYANDOPERATINGPRACTICESANDPROCEDURESASWITHCONVENTIONALROTARYDRILLINGROTATINGONCEYOUHAVEMADEACONNECTIONANDTHESLIPSHAVECLEAREDTHETABLE,SELECTVALVEOPENANDSTARTUPTHEMUDPUMP,THENSELECTDRILLMODEIMMEDIATELYTHEPRESETFUNCTIONSINCONNECTIONMODEWILLBEDISABLEDANDNOWYOUCANMANIPULATETHEQUILLRPMBYSELECTINGFORWARDANDINCREASINGORDECREASINGTHEPUMPSSLIDEDRILLINGINORDERTOHOLDTOOLFACEWHILESLIDING,YOUMUSTCLOSETHEGRABBERONTHESAVERSUB,ALLOWTHEGRABBERCYLINDERTOPRESSUREUP,ANDTHENSWITCHTHEPUMPSFORWARD/REVERSE,TONEUTRALTHEGRABBERLIGHTWILLREMAINONWHENSLIDING,THEGRABBERISCLOSEDANDTHEHOISTINGCLUTCHINTERLOCKISACTIVATEDINORDERTOWORKTHEDRILLSTRINGYOUMUSTPUSHANDHOLDTHEOVERRIDEBUTTONONTHEBRAKEHANDLECONTROLBOXWHILEHOISTINGTHISALLOWSTHEDRAWWORKSDRUMCLUTCHTOENGAGEWHENRUNNINGAMUDMOTOR,KEEPACCURATERECORDSOFTHEREACTIVETORQUEMOTORPRESSUREINTHESTRINGATANYGIVENTIME,YOUMAYNEEDTOORIENTTHETOOLFACEOFTHEDOWNHOLEMOTORTODOTHISTHEGRABBERWILLNEEDTOBEOPENEDIFYOUDONOTTRACKDOWNHOLETORQUEHISTORY,TURNINGTHESTRINGINSMALLINCREMENTSWILLBEIMPOSSIBLEASSUMINGTHATYOUKNOWTHEAMOUNTOFTORQUEPRESENT,FOLLOWTHESESTEPSTOORIENTTHETOOLFACE1SELECTDRILLFORWARD2DECREASETHEPUMPSSOTHATXPSITHEPRESSUREEQUALTOTHEREACTIVETORQUEISPRESENTONTHEHYDRAULICPRESSUREGAUGE3SELECTGRABBEROPEN4IFTHEVALUEOFXPROVIDESENOUGHTORQUE,THESTRINGSHOULDNOTTURNTURNTHESTRINGTOTHERIGHTBYSELECTING5INCREASEPUMPSUNTILTHEPIPETURNSVERYSLOWLYANDUNDERCONTROL6WHENYOUHAVEACHIEVEDTHENEWORIENTATION,QUICKLYCLOSETHEGRABBERTHEAMOUNTOFLOOPPRESSURENEEDEDTOHOLDTHEDRILLSTRINGWHENTHEGRABBERISOPENEDWILLCHANGEASDEPTH,ANDANGLEOFBUILDINCREASETHISISWHYYOUSHOULDRECORDADOWNHOLETORQUEHISTORY,BECAUSETHEXVALUEWILLBEEASIERTOPREDICTTURNTHESTRINGTOTHELEFTBYDECREASINGLOOPPRESSUREDECREASEPUMPS,AND,IFTHEREISNOTMUCHREACTIVETORQUEPRESENT,SELECTREVERSEUNTILPOSITIONINGISCOMPLETE,THENCLOSETHEGRABBERNOTETHEMAXIMUMREVERSETORQUEISSETTOPREVENTTHESTRINGUNSCREWINGDONOTENGAGETHEBREAKOUTFUNCTIONORTHEDRILLSTRINGCOULDCOMEAPARTTRIPPINGTHETESCOTOPDRIVEREDUCESTHEAMOUNTOFTIMEANDWORKINVOLVEDINTRIPPINGANDREAMINGBYGIVINGYOUTHEABILITYTOTHREADINTOTHEDRILLSTRINGATANYPOINTINTHEDERRICKTHISISUSEFULWHENENCOUNTERINGHOLEPROBLEMSWHILETRIPPINGFORINSTANCE,PULLINGTIGHT,BRIDGINGOFFORWHENAKICKISEVIDENTINSHORT,ANYTIMEWHENTHENEEDTOPUMPFLUIDINTOTHEWELLEXISTS,ITCANBEDONEWITHOUTHAVINGTOPOSITIONTHEDRILLSTRINGATFLOORLEVELINORDERTOINSTALLTHEKELLYTRIPPINGPIPEWITHATOPDRIVEISSIMILARTOCONVENTIONALMETHODS,WITHTHEEXCEPTIONTHATTHEROBOTICFUNCTIONSEASEPIPEHANDLINGPROCEDURESATNOTIMEISITNECESSARYFORTHERIGCREWTOPOSITIONTHEELEVATORSOROPENANDCLOSETHEMTHELINKTILTFUNCTIONCANPUSHTHESTANDOFPIPETOBERACKEDTOTHEWORKER,BOTHONTHERIGFLOORANDTOTHEDERRICKHANDWHENRUNNINGINTHEHOLE,THEDERRICKHANDDOESNOTNEEDTOLEANOUTTOTHROWTHESTANDINTHEELEVATORSHECANSIMPLYEASETHESTANDINTOTHEELEVATORS,WHICHAREEXTENDEDTOWARDHIMONCETHESTANDISPLACEDINTHEELEVATORS,THEYCANBECLOSEDHYDRAULICALLYAFTERTHESTANDISRACKEDINTHEDERRICKORADDEDTOTHESTRINGTHELINKSSHOULDBERETURNEDTOTHEVERTICALHANGINGPOSITIONBYSELECTINGTHEFLOATFUNCTIONIMPORTANTTHELINKSANDELEVATORSSHOULDNEVERBEMANUALLYOPERATEDBYAWORKERCOLDCLIMATEWHENTHEHYDRAULICTOPDRIVEISWORKINGINAFREEZINGENVIRONMENT,THEOILQUICKLYBECOMESTHICKANDTHISWILLREDUCEITSEFFECTIVENESSWHILEDRILLING,THEHEATFROMTHETOPDRIVEMOTORSWARMSTHEOILENOUGHSOTHATTHISISNOTACONCERN,BUTWHENEVERTHEQUILLISNOTROTATING,SUCHASWHENYOUARESLIDEDRILLINGORTRIPPING,THECOLDCLIMATEFUNCTIONSHOULDBEUSEDTOACTIVATECOLDCLIMATEFOLLOWTHESESTEPS1PUSHINTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONONTHELEFTSIDEOFTHEDRILLERSPANEL2SELECTENGINESPEEDSLOW3DRILLMODE4FORWARDPUMPS5INCREASEORDECREASEPUMPS,TOMAINTAIN700PSIONTHEHYDRAULICPRESSUREGAUGEWHENTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONISPUSHEDINITDEENERGIZESTHECIRCUITTOTHETOPDRIVESPEEDCONTROLVALVEANDALLOWSTHEFLOWOFLOOPOILTOPASSTHROUGHTHEMOTORMANIFOLDANDCIRCULATESTHECLOSEDLOOPSYSTEMWITHOUTTURNINGTHEQUILLSELECTINGENGINESPEEDSLOWBRINGSTHEPRIMEMOVERTOIDLESPEEDFORCOLDCLIMATEOPERATIONTHISSAVESOVERALLWEARANDTEARONTHEENGINEWHENITHASALOWLOADONITDRILLMODEALLOWSYOUTOCONTROLTHEHYDRAULICPUMPSINTERNALSWASHPLATES,WHICHCOMMANDTHEAMOUNTOFOILFLOWTOMAINTAIN700PSIFORWARDPUMPSDIRECTSTHEOILFLOWINSUCHAWAYTHATITPASSESTHROUGHTHEMAXIMUMAMOUNTOFFILTRATIONBEFOREGOINGTHROUGHTHEPUMPSAGAINFOLLOWTHESESTEPSINORDERTOPROPERLYDISENGAGETHECOLDCLIMATEFUNCTION1NEUTRALPUMPS2CONNECTIONMODE3NEUTRALENGINESPEED4PULLOUTTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONBYSELECTINGNEUTRALPUMPS,THEFLOWOFHYDRAULICOILISSTOPPEDIMPORTANTNEVERPUSHOUTTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONWITHOUTTHEPRECEDING3STEPSCONNECTIONMODEKEEPSTHEPRIMEMOVERATANIDLEWHENTHEENGINESPEEDISSWITCHEDTONEUTRALAFTERPULLINGOUTTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONTHETOPDRIVECANNOWRETURNTONORMALOPERATIONTIPIFTHETOPDRIVEWILLROTATEANDEVERYTHINGELSEISOPERATINGNORMALLY,DOUBLECHECKTHATTHECOLDCLIMATEBUTTONHASNOTBEENACCIDENTALLYOPERATEDREAMINGBACKREAMINGOUTOFTHEHOLEISONEOFTHEGREATESTFEATURESTHETESCOTOPDRIVEPROVIDESTHESESTEPSSHOULDBEFOLLOWEDBEFORECOMMENCINGNOTEREAMINGISTOCOMMENCEONLYATOPERATORSDISCRETIONANDUNTILTHEDRILLERISEXPERIENCEDWITHTHISOPERATION,THETESCOTECHNICIANSHOULDBEALERTED1ENSURETHECORRECTSAVERSUBISINSTALLEDONTHETOPDRIVEANDKEEPITPROPERLYDOPEDWHILEREAMINGORBACKREAMING2CONNECTTHETOPDRIVETOTHEDRILLSTRING3OPENTHEMUDSAVERVALVE4STARTTHEMUDPUMPSANDESTABLISHCIRCULATION5REMOVETHESLIPS6SELECTDRILLMODE7PUMPSFORWARDSETQUILLSPEEDTO3040RPM8HOISTTHEDRILLSTRINGANDCLOSETHEELEVATORSONTHESTAND9WORKTHEDRILLSTRINGUNTILFREEOFOBSTRUCTIONWHENYOUAREREADYTORACKTHESTANDINTHEDERRICK,THEPROCEDUREISASFOLLOWS1STOPROTATION2STOPTHEMUDPUMPS3SETTHESLIPS4BREAKOUTTHELOWESTCONNECTIONWITHTHERIGTONGS5HOISTSTANDOUTOFTHESTUMPANDALLOWTHEPIPETODRAIN6CLOSETHEMUDSAVERVALVE7LOWERTHESTANDTOAPPROXIMATELY2INCHESABOVETHEROTARYTABLE8ENSURETHEGRABBERISINPOSITIONATTHETOPTOOLJOINT9CLOSETHEGRABBERANDBREAKOUTTHETOPDRIVE10ONCETHETOPDRIVEISUNSCREWEDFROMTHEPIPE,OPENTHEGRABBERANDTHESTANDWILLRESTONTHEFLOOR11HOISTTHETOPDRIVEUNTILTHEELEVATORSPICKUPTHESTAND12LINKTILTFORWARDUNTILTHEDERRICKHANDHASCONTROLOFTHESTANDANDITHASBEENPLACEDINTHEBIRDBATH13OPENTHEELEVATORS14LINKTILTBACKTOVERTICAL15LOWERTHETOPDRIVETOTHEFLOORANDCONTINUEBACKREAMINGIFNECESSARYIFANOBSTRUCTIONISENCOUNTEREDWHENTRIPPINGINTHEHOLE,ORIFFORANYREASONITISNECESSARYTOESTABLISHCIRCULATION,IEWELLCONTROL,THETOPDRIVECANBECONNECTEDTOTHEDRILLSTRINGQUICKLYBYFOLLOWINGTHESESTEPS1IFANOBSTRUCTIONISENCOUNTERED,HOISTUNTILTHEDRILLSTRINGISFREE,ANDACONNECTIONISATFLOORLEVEL2SETTHESLIPS3LOWERTHETOPDRIVEANDGUIDETHETOPTOOLJOINTINTOTHEGRABBERSETBACKUPTONGSONTOOLJOINTATFLOORLEVEL4SELECTCONNECTIONMODE5ROTATETHETOPDRIVEINTOTHETOPTOOLJOINTANDSHOULDERITUP6MAKEUPTHECONNECTIONTOTHESPECIFIEDTORQUE7OPENTHEMUDSAVERVALVE8REMOVETHETONGSANDTHESLIPS9STARTTHEMUDPUMPSANDESTABLISHCIRCULATION10SELECTDRILLMODE11SETQUILLSPEEDTO3040RPM12REAMTHROUGHTHEOBSTRUCTIONUNTILTHESTRINGISFREE13LOWERTOPDRIVETOTHEFLOORANDDISCONNECTTHETOPDRIVESEE,BREAKOUTCONNECTIONPROCEDURESWORKINGTIGHTHOLEITISIMPORTANTTOKNOWTHATWHENTORQUEISAPPLIEDTOTHEDRILLSTRINGYOUCANNOTPULLUPTOTHEMAXIMUMFORCETHATTHEPIPEISRATEDFORTHETOPDRIVETECHNICIANWILLPROVIDEINFORMATIONONSPECIFICCLASSESOFTUBULARSANDTHEIRTORSION/TENSIONTHRESHOLDSINTIGHTHOLESITUATIONS,ITWILLBENECESSARYTOFREETHEPIPEUSINGTHETOPDRIVEWITHTHETOPDRIVE,THEABILITYTOMAINTAINMUDPUMPFLOW,RAISEANDLOWERTHEDRILLSTRINGANDHOLDTORQUEALLATTHESAMETIMEISPOSSIBLEITISRECOMMENDEDTHATWHENWORKINGTIGHTHOLE,SOMETORQUECANBEAPPLIEDTOTHEDRILLSTRINGTHISISBESTDONEBYSELECTING1DRILLMODE2DECREASEPUMPS3FORWARDPUMPS4SLOWLYINCREASEPUMPSBYDECREASINGFORWARDPUMPPRESSURE,THEREWILLNOTBEENOUGHHYDRAULICFLOWTOROTATETHEPIPENOW,SLOWLYINCREASETHEPUMPSUNTILTHEPIPEBEGINSTOROTATEMAINTAINENOUGHPRESSUREONTHEHYDRAULICGAUGETOHOLDDRILLSTRINGINTORSIONWITHOUTREACHINGTHETORQUERELIEFSETTINGONTHETOPDRIVEWHENMAINTAININGSTATICTORQUEOVEREXTENDEDTIMEPERIODS,ITISRECOMMENDEDTOINCREASETHEPUMPSTOAVALUELESSTHANTHETORQUERELIEFSETTINGANDALLOWTHEPUMPSTOCONTROLTHEDESIREDTORQUEIFTHETOPDRIVETORQUERELIEFISACTIVATED,THEHYDRAULICOILPASSINGTHROUGHTHERELIEFOVERTIME,WILLCREATEEXCESSIVEHEATTHEHOTOILMAY,INTURN,ACTIVATEAPOWERUNITSHUTDOWN,RESULTINGINANUNTIMELYTORQUERELEASEOFTHEDRILLSTRINGTHEPOWERMODULEISEQUIPPEDWITHNUMEROUSSAFETYSHUTDOWNSWHENTHEHYDRAULICOILREACHESTHEHIGHOILTEMPERATURESHUTDOWNSETTING,THEPRIMEMOVERWILLSHUTDOWNTHISSHOULDBEAVOIDED,ESPECIALLYINSITUATIONSWHEREHOLEPROBLEMSAREENCOUNTEREDCONTINUEWORKINGTHEDRILLSTRINGWHILEMAINTAININGTORQUEWITHTHETOPDRIVEUNTILAFREEPOINTISESTABLISHEDWHENTHEPIPEBEGINSTOROTATEATTHISTORQUESETTINGKEEPRAISINGANDLOWERINGPIPEINTHEFREEPOINTINCREASINGTHETRAVELDISTANCEUNTILTHEOBSTRUCTIONISCLEAREDJARRINGIFJARRINGISREQUIRED,THETORQUEAPPLIEDTOTHEDRILLSTRINGWILLNEEDTOBERELEASEDBYSLOWLYDECREASINGTHEQUILLTORQUESHOWNONTHEHYDRAULICGAUGE,THEREACTIVETORQUEINTHESTRINGWILLOVERCOMETHEQUILLTORQUEANDTHEPIPEWILL,INACONTROLLEDMANNER,ROTATEINREVERSEUNTILTORSIONISRELEASEDONCETHISISDONE,SETTHESLIPSINORDERTOBREAKOUTTHETOPDRIVETESCODOESNOTRECOMMENDJARRINGWITHTHEDRILLSTRINGCONNECTEDTOTHEQUILLTHEDRILLSTRINGSHOULDBESUSPENDEDFROMTHEELEVATORSBEFOREJARRINGCOMMENCESDISCONNECTHYDRAULICHOSESATTHEELEVATORQUICKCONNECTSTOREDUCETHECHANCESOFELEVATORSOPENINGACCIDENTALLYAFTERANYJARRINGISDONETHETOPDRIVETECHNICIANWILLNEEDTHETIMETOPERFORMAVISUALINSPECTIONOFTHETOPDRIVECOMPONENTSANDFILLOUTAPOSTJARRINGCHECKLISTINTHEEVENTOFEXCESSIVEJARRINGALOADPATHINSPECTIONMAYNEEDTOBEPERFORMEDATTHEEARLIESTCONVENIENCELOGGINGWHENUSINGTHEHYDRAULICELEVATORSTOSUPPORTAWIRELINESHEAVE,DISCONNECTTHEHYDRAULICHOSESATTHEELEVATORQUICKCONNECTSTOREDUCETHECHANCESOFACCIDENTALOPENINGNOTETHEHOSESSHOULDALSOBEDISCONNECTEDTOPREVENTACCIDENTALOPENINGINANYOTHEROPERATIONWHERETHEELEVATORSSUPPORTALOADOTHERTHANTHEDRILLSTRINGFOREXAMPLE,WHENASETOFSECONDARYELEVATORSARESUPPORTEDFROMANUBBININTHEHYDRAULICELEVATORSRUNNINGCASINGUSINGTHETOPDRIVEFORRUNNINGCASINGOFFERSSOMEADVANTAGESOVERCONVENTIONALMETHODSATTHECUSTOMERSREQUEST,TESCOCANPROVIDEACROSSOVERSUBTOCONNECTTHEQUILLTOTHECASING,ELIMINATINGTHENEEDTORIGUPCHIKSANSANDFILLUPHOSESTHETOPDRIVEALSOPROVIDESPIPEHANDLINGFUNCTIONSTOMAKEHANDLINGCASINGMUCHSIMPLERANDSAFERCEMENTINGUNLESSITISABSOLUTELYNECESSARY,NEVERATTEMPTTOCEMENTTHROUGHTHETOPDRIVEWITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFTHISRULE,CEMENTINGWITHATOPDRIVEISSIMILARTOCONVENTIONALMETHODSMAKINGCONNECTIONSSAFETYMAKINGCONNECTIONSWITHATESCOTOP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曲速度控制电路使得回路中的液压油在闭式的回路系统当中被压，流过马达的复杂腔体并循环。在这期间并不用旋转悬块。选择引擎慢速使得空闲的和最初的能量被用到寒冷气候的功能上。这完全的解决了引擎低负载时上面的水和露珠。钻进模态可以控制液压泵内的柱塞，从而使得液压表的数值维持在700PA,向前的泵油以这样的方法可以使液压油再一次经过泵之前，进行最大的过滤。遵从这些步骤的目的是为了要适应寒冷天气的功能。1中立泵2连接模态。3中立引擎加速。4拉出寒冷的气候钮扣。注意事项在没有进行以上三个步骤时，千万不要按下寒冷天气的按钮。当发动机的速度切换到中立时，在连接模态时主要的运行部件处于静止状态。在寒冷天气按钮弹出后就可以对顶驱进行正常的操作了。提示如果顶驱运行良好并且其它部件的操作都正常，重复检查寒冷天气按钮有没有被意外的按下。绞孔背部从洞绞孔是TESCO顶驱驾驶提供的最好的特征之一。这些步骤应该在开始之前被执行。注意绞孔操作应在有经验的操作人员的操作下进行，这些操作人员的训练都是针对TESCO顶驱进行训练的，操作人员对绞孔的操做要慎重。操作时应该提醒1确定在顶驱上正确的安装了顶驱安全装置，当进行绞孔或背面绞孔时保持它在适当的位置。2把顶驱连接到直线钻进上。3打开泥浆安全活瓣。4打开泥浆泵并且开始循环。5移出滑道。6选择训练模态。7泵向前提高压力并将速度设定为3040RPM。8起升直线钻杆并且关掉在台子上的升降机。9直线钻进工作直到钻进过程中没有障碍。当准备好时起重机开始工作，操作的过程依下列各项进行1停止旋转。2停止泥浆泵。3设定滑道。4用装备钳子打开最低的连接。5升高台子使得残余物从管中流出进入排水沟。6关掉泥桨阀门。7降低在旋转的桌子上面的大约2寸的台子。8确定夹持块在最高工具关节的位置。9关掉夹持块并开动顶驱。10一旦顶驱没有和从管拧紧，打开夹持块，这时平台就会停在所在的位置。11开动顶驱使其上升，直到电梯抬起台子。12连接倾斜的管件向前直到起重机能够控制管件并将其放入夹具中。13打开抓取装置14连接倾斜的管件使其回到垂直位置。15如果需要的话把顶驱降低到隔板上，继续进行绞孔。如果在将管件放入井口时遇到障碍，或者在一种特定的情况下需要建立一个循环时，有一个好的控制是必要的。顶驱可以通过以下步骤很快的进入到直线钻进。1如果遇到障碍，升高顶驱直到一个钻杆的长度并且连接和地面是水平的，是很容易的。2设定滑动钻进。3降低顶驱并引导最上面的夹持块夹持住工具管件，在工具上的固定的预备钳子，在地板水平连接。4选择连接模态。5旋转顶驱进入顶部工具中，并将其提起。6用指定的扭矩确定连接。7打开泥浆阀门8去掉钳子和立根。9打开泥浆泵并且建立循环。10选择钻进模态。11设定仪表的速度为3040RPM。12绞孔通过障碍部分直到钻进可以直线进行。13降低顶驱直到其达到底板，然后去掉顶驱连接，分解连接程序。钻紧孔重要的是知道当转力矩适用于直线钻进时，就不能将力量推进到管件所需要的最大力。顶驱的技术工作人员将会提供特定阶段的关键管件的扭矩和曲服极限。在紧孔钻进情况下，有必要利用顶驱来使管件自由钻进。在有顶驱的情况下，维持泥浆泵的流量，起升和下降钻杆，维持转矩操作可同时进行。一般推荐，当钻进紧洞的时候相同的转矩可以被用在直线钻进。以下是最好的操作选择1钻进模态。2减少泵量。3增大泵量。4缓慢增加泵的流量通过减少泵压增加速度，将不会有足够的水压来驱动管件旋转。这时缓慢的增加泵的流量直到管件开始旋转。在压力表上维持足够的压力来保持钻进所需要的扭矩，同时不使顶驱的转力矩减少。当延长了时间周期时，维持静态的力矩，增加泵的泵量达到一个推荐值，这个值小于初始的力矩并且可使叫泵量控制所需要的转矩。如果激活上面顶驱转矩减轻，压力油流过的时间过长将产生多余的热，热得液压油可能会，刺激一些能量直到关掉机器，这些能量将产生直线钻进时不合时宜的力矩释放。力量组件被装备很多的安全关阀。当压力油达到很高温度时关掉装置，以前设定的动作将被关闭停止。这是应该被避免的，特别是遇到一些钻孔类问题时更应该避免。在用顶驱维持转矩直到确定一个唯一状态时，直线的持续钻进也是同时进行的。当在这个力矩下钻杆开始旋转时，上下的改变钻杆的移动距离直到障碍被清除的时候才停止。冲击振动如果需要冲突震动时，适用于直线钻进的转力矩将会需要释放。通过漫漫的减少显示在压力表上的油压，直线钻进中反向的扭矩将代替压力表上的压力产生的扭矩，并且管件将处在一个被控制的状态，反向旋转直到释放扭矩。这项操作启动滑动装置目的是为了启动顶驱。TESCO不推荐直线钻进管与连接块相连时进行冲击振动。在冲击振动之前，
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