ML280螺旋钻采煤机推进机构的设计【说明书+CAD】
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英文原文HIGHPRODUCTIVITYAQUESTIONOFSHEARERLOADERCUTTINGSEQUENCESKNIENHAUSAKBAYERAMPHHAUTAACHENUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYGER1ABSTRACTRECENTLYTHEFOCUSINUNDERGROUNDLONGWALLCOALMININGHASBEENONINCREASINGTHEINSTALLEDMOTORPOWEROFSHEARERLOADERSANDARMOREDFACECONVEYORSAFCMORESOPHISTICATEDSUPPORTCONTROLSYSTEMSANDLONGERFACELENGTHINORDERTOREDUCECOSTSANDACHIEVEHIGHERPRODUCTIVITYTHESEEFFORTSSHAVERESULTEDINHIGHEROUTPUTANDPREVIOUSLYUNSEENFACEADVANCERATESTHETRENDTOWARDS“BIGGERANDBETTER”EQUIPMENTANDLAYOUTSCHEMESHOWEVERRAPIDLYNEARINGTHELIMITATIONSOFTECHNICALANDECONOMICALFEASIBILITYTOREALIZEFURTHERPRODUCTIVITYINCREASESORGANIZATIONALCHANGESOFLONGWALLMININGPROCEDURESLOOKSLIKETHEONLYREASONABLEANSWERTHEBENEFITSOFOPTEDLOADERCUTTINGSEQUENCESLEADINGTOBETTERPERFORMANCEAREDISCUSSEDINTHISPAPER2INTRODUCTIONSTRADITIONALLYINUNDERGROUNDLONGWALLMININGOPERATIONSSHEARERLOADERSPRODUCECOALUSINGEITHERONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGCUTTINGSEQUENCESUNIDIRECTIONALBIDIRECTIONALCYCLESBESIDESTHESEPREDOMINANTMETHODSALTERNATIVEMININGCYCLESHAVEALSOBEENDEVELOPEDANDSUCCESSFULLYAPPLIEDINUNDERGROUNDHARDCOALMINESALLOVERTHEWORLDTHEHALFWEBCUTTINGCYCLEASEGUTILIZEDINRAGCOALINTERNATIONALSTWENTYMILEMINEINCOLORADOUSAANDTHE“OPTICCYCLE”OFMALTASSOUTHAFRICANSHORTWALLOPERATIONMUSTBEMENTIONEDINTHISCONTEXTOTHERMINESHAVEALSOTESTEDSIMILARBUTMODIFIEDCUTTINGCYCLESRESULTINGINIMPROVEDOUTPUTEGIMPROVEMENTSINTERMSOFPRODUCTIVITYINCREASESOFUPTO40ARETHOUGHTPOSSIBLE。WHEREASTHEMENTIONEDMINESAREAPPLYINGTHEALTERNATIVECUTTINGMETHODSACCORDINGTOTHEIRSPECIFICCONDITIONSEGSEAMHEIGHTOREQUIPMENTUSEDTHISPAPERLOOKSSYSTEMATICALLYATTHEDIFFERENDMETHODSFROMAGENERALIZEDPOINTOFVIEWADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMININGCYCLEFOREACHCUTTINGTECHNIQUEINCLUDINGTHEILLUSTRATIONOFPRODUCTIVEANDNONPRODUCTIVECYCLETIMESWILLBEFOLLOWEDBYABRIEFPRESENTATIONOFTHEPERFORMEDPRODUCTIONCAPACITYCALCULATIONANDASUMMARYOFTHETECHNICALRESTRICTIONSOFEACHSYSTEMSTANDERDOSEDEQUIPMENTCLASSESFORDIFFERENTSEAMHEIGHTSAREDEFINEDAFTERTHEMOSTSUITABLEANDMOSTPRODUCTIVEMININGEQUIPMENTFOREACHCLASSARESELACEDBESIDESTHETECHNICALPARAMETERSOFTHESHEARERLOADERANDTHEAFCTHELENGTHOFTHELONGWALLFACEANDTHESPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYOFTHECOALARETHEMAINVARIABLESFOREACHHEIGHTCLASSINTHEMODELASARESULTOFTHECAPACITYCALCULATIONSTHEDIFFERENTSHEARERCUTTINGMETHODSCANBEGRAPHICALLYCOMPAREDINASTANDARDSIDEWAYSHOWINGTHEPRODUCTIVITYOFEACHMETHODDUETOTHEGENERALCHARACTOROFTHEMODELPOTENTIALOPTIMIZATIONSRESULTINGFROMCHANGESINTHECUTTINGCYCLEANDTHEBENEFITSINTERMSOFHIGHERPRODUCTIVITYOFTHEMININGOPERATIONCANBEDARRIVED3STATEOFTHEARTOFSHEARERLOADERCUTTINGSEQUENCESTHEQUESTION“WHYAREDIFFERENTCUTTINGSEQUENCESAPPLIEDINLONGWALLMINING”HASTOBEANSWERVEDBEFOREDISCUSSINGTHESIGNIFICANTCHARACTERISTICSINTERIMSOFOPERATIONALPROCEDURESTHEMAJORCONSTRAINTSANDREASONSFORORAGAINSTSPECIALCUTTINGMETHODARETHESEAMHEIGHTANDHARDNESSOFTHECOALTHEGEOTECHNICALPARAMETERSOFTHECOALSEAMANDTHEGEOLOGICALSETTINGOFTHEMINEINFLUENCINGTHECAVINGPROPERTIESASWELLASTHESUBSIDENCEANDESPECIALLYTHELENGTHOFTHELONGWALLFACEFOREACHMININGENVIRONMENTTHEAPPLICATIONOFEITHERSEQUENCERESULTSINDIFFERENTPRODUCTIONRATESANDCONSEQUENTLYADVANCESRATESOFTHEFACETHECOALFLOWONTOTHEAFCISANOTHERPOINTTHATVARIESLIKETHELOADSONTHESHEARERLOADERESPECIALLYTHERANGINGARMSANDTHESTRESSESANDTHEWEARONTHEPICKSATHOROUGHANALYSISISNECESSARYTOCHOOSETHEBESTSUITEDMININGCYCLETHEREFOREGENERALSOLUTIONSDONOTGUARANTEEOPTIMALEFFICIENCYANDPRODUCTIVITYACATEGORIZATIONOFSHEARERLOADERCUTTINGSEQUENCESISREALIZEDBYFOURMAJORPARAMETERSFIRSTLYONECANSEPARATEBETWEENMININGMETHODSWHICHMINECOALINTWODIRECTIONSMEANINGFROMTHEHEADTOTHETAILGATEANDONTHERETURNRUNASWELLORINONEDIRECTIONONLYSECONDLYTHEWAYTHEMININGSEQUENCEDEALSWITHTHESITUATIONATTHEFACEENDSTOADVANCEFACELINEAFTEREXTRACTINKTHEEQUIVALENTOFACUTTINGWEBISACHARACTERISTICPARAMETERFOREACHSEPARATEMETHODTHENECESSARYTRAVELDISTANCEWHILESUPPINGVARIESBETWEENTHESEQUENCESASDOESTHETIMENEEDEDTOPERFORMTHISTASKTOOANOTHERASPECTDEFININGTHESEQUENCESISTHEPROPORTIONOFTHEWEBCUTTINGCOALPERRUNWHEREASTRADITIONALLYTHEFULLWEBWASUSEDTHEINTRODUCTIONOFMODERNAFCANDROOFSUPPORTAUTOMATIONCONTROLSYSTEMSALLOWSFOREFFICIENTOPERATIONSUSINGHALFWEBTHEFORTHPARAMETERIDENTIFYINGSTATEOFTHEARTSHEARERLOADERCUTTINGSEQUENCESISTHEOPENINGCREATEDPERRUNOTHERTHANTHEPARTIALORHALFOPENINGMETHODLIKETHOSEUSEDINMALTAS“OPTICCYCLE”THECUTTINGHEIGHTISEQUALTOTHECOMPLETESEAMHEIGHTINCLUDINGPARTINGSANDSOFTHANGINGORFOOTWALLMATERIALBIDIRECTIONALCUTTINGSEQUENCETHEBIDIRECTIONALCUTTINGSEQUENCEDEPICTEDINFIGURE1AISCHARACTERIZEDBYTROUPINGOPERATONSATTHEFACEENDSINACOMPLETECYCLEWHICHISACCOMPLISHEDDURINGBOTHTHEFORWARDANDRETURNTRIPTHEWHOLELONGWALLFACEADVANCESEACHCOMPLETECYCLEATTHEEQUIVALENTOFTWOWEBDISTANCESBYTHECOMPLETIONOFEACHCYCLETHELEADINGDRUMOFTHESHEARERCUTSTHEUPPERPARTOFTHESEAMWHILETHEREARDRUMCUTSTHEBOTTOMCOALANDCLEANSTHEFLOORCOALTHEMAINDISADVANTAGESOFTHISCUTTINGMETHODARETHOUGHTTOBETHEUNPRODUCTIVETIMERESULTINGFROMTHEFACEENDACTIVITIESANDTHECOMPLEXOPERATIONTHEREFORETHETRENDINRECENTYEARSWASTOINCREASEFACELENGTHTOREDUCETHERELATIVEIMPACTOFSUMMINGINFLAVOROFLONGERPRODUCTIONTIMEUNITDIRECTIONALCUTTINGSEQUENCEINCONTRASTTOTHEBIDIRECTIONALMETHODTHESHEARERLOADERCUTSTHECOALINANESINGLEDIRECTIONWHENINUNITDIRECTIONALMODEONTHERETURNTRIPTHEFLOORCOALISLOADEDANDTHEFLOORITSELFCLEANEDTHESHEARERHAULAGESPEEDSONTHERETURNTRIPSARERESTRICTEDONLYBYTHEOPERATORSMOVEMENTTHROUGHTHELONGWALLFACEORTHEHAULAGEMOTORSINAFULLYAUTOMATEDOPERATIONTHESUMPINGPROCEDURESTARTSINNEARTHEHEADGATEASSHOWNINFIGURE1BTHELOWMACHINREUTILIZATIONBECAUSEOFCUTTINGJUSTONEWEBPERCYCLEISTHEMAINDISADVANTAGEOFTHEUNITDIRECTIONALCUTTINGSEQUENCEBESIDESTHECOALFLOWCANBEQUITEIRREGULARDEPENDINGONTHEPOSITIONOFTHESHEARERINTHECYCLEHALFWEBCUTTINGSEQUENCETHEMAINBENEFITOFHALFWEBCUTTINGSEQUENCESISTHEREDUCTIONOFUNPRODUCTIVETIMESINTHEMININGCYCLEWHICHRESULTSINHIGHMACHINEUTILIZATIONTHISISACHIEVEDBYCUTTINGONLYAHALFWEBINMIDFACEWITHBIDIRECTIONALGATESEQUENCESASSHOWNINFIGURE2ATHEFULLWEBISMINEDATTHEFACEENDSWITHLOWERSPEEDSALLOWINGFASTERSHEAREROPERATIONINBOTHDIRECTIONSINMIDSEAMBESIDETHEREALIZATIONOFHIGHERHAULAGESPEEDSTHECOALFLOWONTHEAFCISMOREBALANCEDFORSHEARERLOADERTRIPSINBOTHDIRECTIONSHALF/PARTIALOPENINGCUTTINGSEQUENCETHEADVANTAGEOFTHEHALFORMOREPRECISELYPARTIALOPENINGCUTTINGSEQUENCESTHEFACTTHATTHEFACEISEXTRACTEDINTWOPASSESFIGURE2BSHOWSTHATTHEUPPERANDMIDDLEPARTOFTHESEAMISCUTDURINGTHEPASSTOWARDSTHETAILGATEWHEREASTHELASTPARTOFTHISTRIPFORTHEEQUIVALENTOFAMACHINELENGTHTHELEADINGDRUMISRAISEDTOUTTHEROOFTOALLOWTHEROOFSUPPORTTOBEADVANCEDONTHERETURNTRIPTHEBOTTOMCOALISMINEDWITHTHEADVANTAGEOFAFREEFACEANDASMALLERPROPORTIONOFTHELEADINGDRUMCUTTINGCOALCONSEQUENTLYLEADINGTOLESSRESTRICTIONSOFTHEHAULAGESPEEDDUETTHESPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYOFTHEMATERIALTHESHEARERSUMPSINMIDSEAMNEARTHEHEADGATETOTHEFULLWEBWITHOUTINVOKINGUNPRODUCTIVECYCLETIMELIKEFORTHETRIPTHETAILGATETHELEADINGDRUMHASTOBELOWEREDAMACHINELENGTHAHEADOFTHEMAINGATE4PRODUCTIONCAPACITYCALCULATIONSATHEORETICALCOMPARISONOFTHEPRODUCTIVITYBETWEENDIFFERENTMININGMETHODSINGENERALORINTHISCASEBETWEENDIFFERENTSHEARERLOADERCUTTINGCYCLESISALWAYSBASEDONNUMEROUSASSUMPTIONSANDTECHNICALANDGEOLOGICALRESTRICTIONSASARESULTTHISPRODUCTIONCAPACITYCALCULATIONDOESNOTCLAIMTOOFFEREXACTRESULTSALTHOUGHITDOESINDICATEPRODUCTIVITYTRENDSANDCERTAINPARAMETERSFOREACHANALYZEDMETHODTHEMODELWORKSWITHSOCALLEDHEIGHTCLASSESVARYINGTHESEAMTHICKNESSESBETWEEN2MAND5MINSTEPSOF50CMEQUIPMENTISASSIGNEDTOEACHCLASSHAVINGBEENSELECTEDBYLOOKINGATTHEBESTSUITEDTECHNICALPROPERTIESAVAILABLEONTHEMARKETAPARTFROMTHEDEFINEDEQUIPMENTITISASSUMEDTHATTHESEAMISFLATANDNOUNDULATIONSORGEOLOGICALFAULTSOCCURINTHEMODELTHEVENTILATIONANDTHEROOFSUPPORTSYSTEMREPRESENTNORESTRICTIONSTOTHEPRODUCTIONSINCETHEAIMOFTHISMODELSTOSHOWWAYSTOFURTHERINCREASESINLONGWALLPRODUCTIVITYTHECALCULATIONISBASEDONAFULLYAUTOMATEDSYSTEMWITHNOMANUALOPERATORSREQUIREDATTHEFACETHEHAULAGESPEEDOFTHESHEARERISTHEREFOREONLYRESTRICTEDBYTHEAFCCAPACITYTHECUTTINGMOTORSANDTHEHAULAGEMOTORSRESPECTIVELYTHEVARIABLEPARAMETERSINTHISCOMPARISONOFTHEFOURCUTTINGSEQUENCESAREBESIDESSEAMTHICKNESSTHESPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYOFTHECOALTOBECUTANDTHELENGTHOFTHELONGWALLFACETHEFORMERVARYINGBETWEEN02AND04KWH/MTHELATTERBETWEEN100MAND400MIN50MINTERVALSTHE100MSHORTWALLSWEREDELIBERATELYSELECTEDSINCETHEYARECOMINGMOREINTOFOCUSFORVARIOUSREASONSGEOTECHNICALASPECTSLIKINGTHECAVINGABILITYOFTHEHANGINGWALLANDFAULTSRESTRICTLONGWALLPANELSINMANYPLACESTOMAXIMUMFACELENGTHSOF150MORLESSLIKEINSOUTHAFRICAANDGREATBRITAINFORTHISREASONADETAILEDANALYSISOFTHEPOTENTIALOFSUCHLONGWALLSISDEEMEDAPPROPRIATE5CONCLUSIONSINRECENTYEARSMUCHEFFORTHASBEENPUTINTOTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFLONGWALLOPERATIONSTOINCREASEPRODUCTIVITYANDEFFICIENCYINMANYCASESTHEEMPHASISOFTHESEIMPROVEMENTSWASMAINLYFOCUSEDONTHEEQUIPMENTEGINCREASEDMOTORPOWERORLARGERDIMENSIONSOFAFCSTHEORGANIZATIONALASPECTHASSOMETIMESBEENNEGLECTEDORDIDNOTRANKASHIGHONTHEAGENDAASOTHERTOPICSINTHISPAPERITHASBEENDEMONSTRATEDTHATTHESELECTEDMININGMETHODHASASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEACHIEVABLEPRODUCTIVITYINATHEORETICALMODELFOURCUTTINGSEQUENCESHAVEBEENCOMPAREDTOEACHOTHERWHILEVARYINGSEAMTHICKNESSFACELENGTHANDCOALPROPERTIESINTERMSOFSPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYFOREACHSEAMORHEIGHTCLASSADEFINEDSETOFEQUIPMENTWASUSEDWITHCONSISTENTRESTRAINTSTHOUGHEACHMINEISUNIQUESOMEGENERALCONCLUSIONSCANBEDRAWNANALYZINGTHECAPACITYMODELUNDERTHERESTRICTIONSOFTHEMODELTHEHALFWEBCUTTINGSEQUENCEOFFERSTHEHIGHESTOUTPUTOFALLANALYZEDMETHODSFOLDLOWEDBYTHEHALFOPENINGMODEDEPENDINGONTHEFACELENGTHTHEBIDIRECTIONALCUTTINGMETHODHASADVANTAGESCOMPAREDTOTHEUNITDIRECTIONALSEQUENCEINTERMSOFHIGHERPRODUCTIVITY中文译文高效生产一个关于采煤机截割的次序的问题1、摘要目前,地面下长壁采煤法致力于增加安装在采煤机和甲板输送机的电机功率以及更先进的支架控制系统和增加工作面长度以达到减少费用和取得较高的生产效率的目的。这种努力已经造成较高的开支和先前未见过的设备费用增长速度。现在趋向于“更大和更好”的仪器和装备，然而这种趋势在技术上和费用上的可行性已经达到极限。为了要实现进一步促进生产力的增加，合理、有机地规范长臂采煤法的工序应该是解决提高生产效率问题的唯一的合理答案。在本文中论述了通过合理安排采煤机的截割次序以实现提高采煤工作效率。2、简介传统上，在地面下长壁采煤法操作方面，采煤机挖掘过程中，使用以下截割次序之一反方向的或双方向的循环。除了这两种主要的方法，交替循环采煤也已经应用在地下的硬煤层开采中，它被成功地推广在全世界的挖掘过程中。就半边切断循环举例来说，在科罗拉多美国在二十里煤矿利用，而且MALTS的南非短巷道操作的开采也在这被应用。其他类似的采掘已经通过验证改进截割次序能提高开采产量举例来说，它大约能够在产量上增加40的。然而提到应用在采煤上根据特殊情况而改变切割的方法用煤层高度和设备的使用来举例说明论文系统地论述通过从不同的角度采取不同的方法。详细描述了采矿的每种切割方法包括能生产的和不能生产的循环以下将会给出一个简短的关于采煤机生产能力的计算和每个系统在技术上的受到的约束的概要说明。根据煤层的厚度采用不同标准的设备和合适的装置。此外采煤机和甲板输送机，工作面的长度和特定采煤机截割方式等技术参数在本模型中根据不同的煤层厚度而改变。根据采煤的产量，不同采煤机截割的方法可以通过一个标准化方法绘制产量图来反映不同截割方法的优劣。根据模型的特征最优的结果通过改变截割方式而得到的不同的采煤产量就能获得。3采煤截割次序的技术说明“为什么长壁采煤法应用的不同切割次序”这个问题是必须回答的在以讨论操作工序的主要规则之前，切割方法主要受到煤层的厚度和煤层硬度等因素的限制，就像煤层的物理参数和矿的地质学条件影响煤的崩落能力一样，同样也会影响长壁采煤法工作面的煤层塌方。对于不同的地质条件，不同的截割次序都会得到不同的生产效率和不同质量的工作面。煤送入甲板输送机之上正如采煤机截割，是采煤中的另外一个问题尤其是在截齿上受到的屈服应力和疲劳应力。一个对于选择最适合的截割次序的全面分析是必要的适合采矿替换因为，一般性的解答是不能保证最佳的效率和产量。对于一个采煤机截割次序的分类是通过四个主要的参数来规定的第一，能在采矿方法之间分开向矿井的两个方向即从头到尾。第二，根据截割次序，在到达工作面尾部预先在选取一个等价的线切断网是区分截割方法的一个独立的参数。必须有一定的距离空间以改变截割次序因为做这些需要一定的时间。定义截割次序的另外一个方面是网状断煤的轨迹。然而传统地完整的使用现代的甲板输送机和液压支架系统允许使用有效率的一半方法操作。区分截割工艺的以前那些参数就可以把不同的截割方式区分。除了部份或半开口像被用在MALTA的循环截割中的那些一样的方法切断高度分别包括柔软悬吊装置和采煤机的高度，它和煤层厚度相等。双方向的截割次序在图1中被描述的双方向的截割次序是表示工作面二点之间的特点，在一个完全的截割操作周期中是在两者的向前和返回期间是完成的。整个长壁采煤法每个周期的完成等价于在网状截割轨迹的一个巡回。滚筒的前端面截割煤层的顶部而滚筒的后端面截割煤层的下部，同时起到清除、落煤的作用。这个切割的方法主要的缺点主要表现在截割时间和操作比较复杂。因此，趋势近几年来要增加工作面的长度以减少挖掘过程中的冲击载荷和延长截齿的寿命。单方向的截割次序与双方向的方法相反在单向模型里截割采煤机截割是朝一个方向进行的。在回返行程中，地板煤是被采煤机底板它本身清理。截割运动在往返时被在工作面限制了操作运动推进的速度。截割操作在工作面的开头部位如图1B所示。因为切割动作只能是一个方向循环而使截割的工作效率低，它是单向截割次序的主要缺点。此外煤流可能是相当不规则，它依赖于采煤机在截割周期中的位置。半滚筒截割次序滚筒截割的主要优点是它减少采煤机在截割过程中的无效截割时间造成高机器利用。如图2所显示的半滚筒截割次序处于工作面中间位置时，它与双方向截割次序具有一致性。完整的滚筒在截割结束时藉由更快速地允许的较低速度在煤层的中间部位向两个方向操作。除了实现较高的牵引速度，在甲板输送机被的采煤机双向循环的煤流而平衡。半开口切割次序这种方法的优点更突出，它实际上是在二个方法中的提高和改进。如图2B所示煤层的上端面和中间部分在向它的后端面时被截割。在回程底部的煤与自由的面和工作面的较小比例的来切断煤层来一起截割；结果其牵引速度由于受到材料的切割能
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