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新型 前驱 先驱 轿车 变速器 结构设计 两轴式五挡 手动 全套 cad 图纸

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1附录FROM1894,AFRENCHENGINEERTOACARFITTEDWITHTHEWORLDSFIRSTTRANSMISSIONDATE,TRANSMISSIONHASBEENCARAHUNDREDYEARSOFDEVELOPMENTIMPORTANTFORTHEAUTOMOTIVETRANSMISSIONCOMPONENTOFTHECOMMITMENTTOENLARGETHEENGINETORQUE,TORSIONALCHARACTERISTICSOFREACTIVEPOWERWITHTHEENGINE,TOACHIEVETHEDESIREDPOWERTRANSMISSION,ANDTHUSADAPTTOVARIOUSROADCONDITIONSTOACHIEVETHEMAINDEVICESDRIVINGTHEFIRSTISTHEUSEOFMANUALTRANSMISSIONLATER,FORTHECONVENIENCEOFMOTORISTS,INTHECOLLARBETWEENADJACENTGEARFITTEDWITHASYNCHRONIZER,THESYNCHRONIZERRELYON,ANDWEDONOTNEEDTOSHIFTTOJUDGETHESPEEDMANUALTRANSMISSIONISSTILLPRESENTINTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYAWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONS,AUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONISATREND,BUTTHEMANUALTRANSMISSIONISGREATFUN,EMBODIEDPERSONSTHETRADITIONALGEARTRANSMISSIONWITHTHEUSEOFDIFFERENTSHIFTACHIEVEDTHEPURPOSEOFTWISTING,BUTWITHTHECHANGEOFGEARBYFOOTONLYHANDOFFTOACHIEVE,ANDTHISISTHESOCALLEDMANUALTRANSMISSIONEASILYSHIFTTOACHIEVETHEABOLITIONOFCLUTCHPEDALANDMANUALTHEATAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSIONOCCURRED,ITISTHEMAINBROWSERUSINGHYDRAULICTORQUETRADITIONALMECHANICALGEARBOXWITHTHESHIFTFUNCTIONTOACHIEVEINFACT,ASEARLYASTHE1948OLDSMOBILECARGMHASALREADYEMERGEDONTHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONISNOWTAKINGSHAPE,BUTTHENTHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONISONLYTHEADDITIONOFHYDRAULICCOUPLERMANUALTRANSMISSIONONLYATUSEDBECAUSEEARLIER,SOTHEENGLISHNAMEISCALLED“AUTOMATICTRANSMISSION“HOWEVER,ATISNOTTHESAMEASINTHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONASLONGASWECANTOACHIEVETHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONSHIFTAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCANBECALLED,ITISNECESSARYTOACHIEVETHISINFACTMEANSALOTINADDITIONTOAT,BUTALSOINCLUDESOTHERFORMSOFCVTHOWEVER,BEFORETHEOVERTHROWOFTHENAMECANNOT,SOLETUSNOTTHINKSOAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONATINCLUDINGHYDRAULICTRANSMISSIONAT,ELECTRONICALLYCONTROLLEDTRANSMISSIONECT,NONPOLARTRANSMISSIONCVT1908FORDMODELTTHEFIRSTUSEOFATWOSPEEDRATIOAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCONSTRUCTEDUSINGMULTIPLESETSOFGEAR,ANDGEARINTOTHECENTRALANDPERIPHERALGEAR,THEOUTSIDEISARUNNER,WITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHECENTRALGEAROFTHETORQUEFROMTHEENGINEISDIFFERENTFROMCAMERAGEARGROUPSSOASTOBEDIFFERENTLEVELSOFSPEED,INCLUDINGREVERSE2ROTATIONREVERSINGFILERUNNERTYPEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSION,THEREISADRAWBACK,THATIS,WHENPEOPLESTARTTOACCELERATETHEREISAFEELINGOFSPINTHEWHEELS,SODRIVERSWILLBEMENGREFUELINGDOOR,BUTDOESNOTIMMEDIATELYINCREASETHESPEEDAGAINATPRESENT,SOMEMANUFACTURERSSUCHASNISSANANDFIAT,HAVERECOURSETOSOMEELECTRONICDEVICETOTRYTOELIMINATETHISSHORTCOMING,NISSANPRIMERAANDTHE6SPEEDTRANSMISSIONFIATPUNTO7SPEEDGEARBOXISTHERESULTOFTHISEFFORTDRIVERSPULLEDNONEEDTOHANDLE,THEYCANEASILYCHANGETHESPEEDALTHOUGHTHEAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCONTINUETOEVOLVEANDPROGRESS,BUTTHEREWILLALWAYSBEADRAWBACK,THATIS,THERESPONSESPEEDOFACTIONANDBETWEENTHEPEDALTHEREWILLALWAYSBEAGAP,DRIVINGINTHEIMPRESSIONOFALACKOFINTUITIONAPPEAREDIN1969ANDTHEELECTRONICCONTROLSYSTEMSAPPEAREDIN1982,WHICHWASTOIMPROVEDIGITALTECHNOLOGYWITHTHEENGINEFUELINJECTIONANDIGNITIONDEVICESCONTINUEDTOBEREFINED,AUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONISALSONEWTRICKS,SUCHASSETUPA“CAMPAIGNSTYLEOR“SNOWROAD“,SUCHASTHEMANIPULATIONOFDIFFERENTWAYS,SOMEINTHEINSTRUMENTPANELHASABEARINGSLETTERBUTTON,YOUCANBECOMEEXTREMELYRAPIDACCELERATIONORSNOWFLAKEPATTERNSAREPRINTEDONTHEBUTTONONBEHALFOFTHESNOWMOVINGTOAVOIDSLIPPINGINTHESTARTEVENWORSE,ANEWGENERATIONOF“ADAPTABLESTYLE“TRANSMISSIONCANALSOADAPTTOMOTORISTSDIFFERENTHABITS,THECORRESPONDINGREACTION,SOTHATDRIVERSWILLBECOMEMOREUSERFRIENDLYTHEINTELLIGENTAUTOMATICTRANSMISSION,ANDSPREADTOTHEVEHICLEMASS,WHICHISACREDITTOTHEFRENCHIN1997WITHTHERENAULTCLIOPEUGEOT206TOOKTHELEADINTHEMOSTADVANCEDCOMPUTERCONTROLLEDTECHNOLOGYANDISKNOWNAS“FUZZYLOGIE“THEPRINCIPLETHAT“FUZZYLOGIC“THISCARCANDRIVEBASEDONTHETEMPERAMENT,ROADCONDITIONS,VEHICLELOADANDTHESURROUNDINGENVIRONMENTANDOTHERFACTORS,INTHENINEKINDSOFPROGRAMSSELECTTHEMOSTSUITABLEFUNCTION,THEREALIZATIONOFINTELLIGENTDRIVING,INORDERTOGIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEVEHICLEPERFORMANCEANDREDUCEFUELCONSUMPTIONANDENSURESAFETYNOWTHATIS,CONTINUOUSLYVARIABLETRANSMISSIONCVTCONTINUOUSLYVARIABLETRANSMISSIONALSOHAVEBEENWIDELYUSED,CONTINUOUSLYVARIABLETRANSMISSIONSYSTEMINTHENONUSEOFGEARS,TOPROVIDESMOOTHAND“NOCLASS“CONVERSIONRATIOOFTHETRANSMISSIONSYSTEMATTHESAMETIMELIGHTWEIGHT,SMALLSIZE,THECHARACTERISTICSOFSMALLPARTS,ISRECOGNIZEDASTHEIDEALVEHICLETRANSMISSIONCOMPAREDTOAT,CVTTRANSMISSIONWUJIPRIMARILYINTHEDRIVEWAYTHEREDIFFERENTTHELATTERISTHEUSEOFDRIVEBELTSANDTHEWORKOFTHEMAINVARIABLEDIAMETERDRIVENWHEELTOTRANSFERPOWERLINEINORDERTOACHIEVETHECONTINUOUSTRANSMISSIONRATIOCHANGE3HOWEVER,THETRADITIONALCVTTECHNICALWEAKNESSESEXIST,SUCHASTHETRANSMISSIONBELTEASILYDAMAGED,CANNOTAFFORDALARGERLOAD,ETC,MAKESTHETRANSMISSIONHASBEENUSEDINMORETHANASMALLDISPLACEMENT,LOWPOWERVEHICLESASTECHNOLOGYADVANCES,THEENERGYCRISISTRIGGEREDAGLOBALENERGYCONSERVATIONANDENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAWARENESS,ATTHECONCLUSIONOFTHEFIRSTGENERATIONOFCVTBASEDONTHEEXPERIENCE,PEOPLEDEVELOPABETTERPERFORMANCE,GREATERTORQUECAPACITYCVTHOWEVER,PLAYINGINTHETORQUEREQUIREMENTSONTHECVTMODELISSTILLUNABLETOTAKEONHEAVYRESPONSIBILITIESCONTINUOUSLYVARIABLETRANSMISSIONANDTHECOMMONDEVELOPMENTOFELECTRONICALLYCONTROLLEDAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONALSOUSHEREDINDSGDUALCLUTCHAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONTHEPOPULARITYOFVOLKSWAGENHASNOWSTARTEDTOAPPLYONLYTOTHESUPERSPORTSCARBEFORETHETECHNOLOGYISAPPLIEDTOTHEORDINARYFAMILYCARHASBEENUPDSGAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONSHIFTINGTECHNOLOGYENABLESFASTER,LESSPOWERLOSS,SOMOREFUELEFFICIENTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONCARSEEMSTOHAVEWISDOM,ANDEVENMOREGOODTHANPEOPLETHINKITCHANGESACCORDINGTOTHEROADOUTSIDE,AFTERTHECALCULATION,INSTEADOFSMARTPEOPLETOMAKEANACCURATEDECISION4距1894年，一个法国工程师给一辆汽车装上世界上第一个变速器至今，汽车变速器已经经过了一百多年的发展。变速器为汽车重要的组成部分，是承担放大发动机扭矩，配合引擎功扭特性，实现理想动力传递，从而适应各种路况实现汽车行驶的主要装置。使用最早的是手动变速器。后来为了方便驾驶，在领个相邻齿轮间装上了同步器，依靠同步器的作用，我们换挡就不需要去判断车速了。目前手动变速器依然在汽车界应用非常广泛，自动变速器是个趋势，但手动变速器确是驾驶乐趣的极大体现者。传统的变速器利用不同的齿轮搭配实现了换挡変扭的目的，而齿轮搭配的变换就只有靠脚踩离合手拉挡杆来实现，这就是所谓的手动变速器。为实现轻松换挡，取消离合脚踏和手动挂挡的ATAUTOMATICTRANSMISSION变速器出现了，它主要利用液力变扭器配合传统机械齿轮箱实现换挡功能。其实早在1948年的通用的奥兹莫比尔汽车上就已经出现了如今自动变速器的雏形，不过那时的自动变速器仅仅是加了液力耦合器的手动变速器而已。因为AT使用得较早，所以英文定名就叫“自动变速器”。然而，AT并不等同于自动变速器。只要能实现自动换挡变速的便可叫自动变速器，要达到此目的其实途径很多除AT外，还包括了无级变速器等其它形式。但以前的命名也无法推翻，所以我们姑且这样认为自动变速器（AT）包括液力变速（AT）,电控变速（ECT）,无极变速（CVT）1908年，福特T型车最早采用一种两个速比的自动变速器。其构造是采用多组齿轮，并且分成中央齿轮和周边齿轮，最外边则是一个转轮，随着中央齿轮从发动机引入的扭矩不同，齿轮组相机行事，从而得到高低不一的转速，包括倒车档的反向旋转。转轮式自动变速器存在一个缺点，即起步加速时令人有一种车轮打滑的感觉，于是驾车人会猛加油门，但车速又并不随即增高。目前已有一些厂家，如日产和菲亚特，求助于电子装置来设法消除这一缺点，日产PRIMERA的6速变速器与菲亚特PUNTO的7速变速器便是这番努力的结果。驾车者根本无需扳动手柄，便可以轻松自如地改变车速。虽然自动变速器不断地演变进步，但始终有缺点，即车速的反应与踏板的动作之间总有一定的差距，驾驶中缺乏直觉的印象。1969年出现的电子控制系统及1982年出现的数字技术对此作了改进。随着发动机燃油喷射与点火装置的不断完善，自动变速器也有新的花样，如设置了“运动式或“雪地行驶”等不同的操控方式，有的在仪表盘上设有一个印有S字5母的按钮，可以在加速时变得格外迅捷；或者印有雪花图案代表雪地行驶的按钮，可避免在起步时打滑。更有甚者，新一代“随机应变式”变速器还可以顺应驾车者不同的习惯、