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温控器垫块点浇口注射模的设计【三维UG】【10张CAD图纸和说明书】

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温控 垫块 浇口 注射 设计 三维 ug 10 cad 图纸 以及 说明书 仿单
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摘  要


近几年好多国家都在发展机械行业，与机械相关的各个行业都越来越重视CAD/CAM技术，如今CAD/CAM技术已发展成为一项比较成熟的共性技术，我国家电工业的高速发展对模具工业，尤其是塑料模具提出了越来越高的要求,国内塑料模具市场以注塑模具需求量最大，其中发展重点为工程塑料模具。同时还因为塑料制品及模具的3D设计与成型过程中3D分析正在塑料模具工业中发挥越来越重要的作用。 

在本次毕业设计中，通过运用三维实体造型高端软件UG NX对“温控器垫块”外形进行3D造型，同时也设计了其塑料注塑模的3D模型。在正确分析塑件工艺特点和ABS的性能的基础上，介绍了对凸模，凹模，浇注系统，脱模机构，顶也机构的设计，选择标准零件，设计非标件的设计过程。由于模具生产的塑料制品具有高精度、高复杂程度、高一致性、高生产率和低消耗等特点，涉及模具结构、强度、寿命计算及熔融塑料在模具中流动预测等复杂的工程运算问题；CAD、UG NX等不同的软件可分别用于模具的设计、制造和产品质量进行分析。塑料注射成型所用的模具称为注射模成型模具，该模具特点是模具先由注射机合模机构闭和紧密，然后由注射机注射装置将高温高压的塑料熔体注入模腔内，经冷却或固化成型后，在侧向分型的作用下开模取出塑件。还根据所设计的模具尺寸选择安装了相应的模架，最终生成了直观的结构设计图；此外还利用CAD绘制了模具装配图以及各种成型零件图。

关键词：温控器；注塑模；CAD/CAM；ABS塑料；3D


Abstract


A lot of countries in the development of machinery industry in recent years, every industry pay more and more attention to related to mechanical CAD/CAM technology, CAD/CAM technology has now developed into a relatively mature technology, with the rapid development of our country home a ABS liance industry of mold industry, puts forward higher and higher requirements, especially plastic mould, in 2004, as a proportion of the plastic mold in the mold industry has risen to 30%, according to experts predict that in the next few years, China plastic mould industry will continue to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 10% of the high speed of development. Domestic demand in injection mold plastic mold market is the largest, the key for engineering plastic mold development. Also because of the plastic products and mould Three-Dimensional design and molding process of Three-Dimensional analysis is the plastic mold industry plays a more and more important role. 

In this graduation design, the high-end software UG NX three-dimensional entity model is used to shape of "t type mounting bracket" Three-Dimensional modeling, and design the Three-Dimensional model of the plastic injection mold.On the basis of the correct analysis of the characteristics and ABS plastic parts process performance, the introduction of the punch,die,casting system, stripping agencies,top agency also design, selection of standard parts,the design of non-standard parts of the design process.Due to mold plastic products with high precision,high complexity,high consistency,high productivity and low consumption, etc,involve mold structure, strength,life span,and the molten plastic in the mold flow projections and other complex engineering computing problems; CAD,different software may be designed such UG NX molds are used,the manufacturing and product quality analysis.Plastic injection molding mold used for injection molding is called a mold injection machine is characterized first by a mold clamping mechanism and tightly closed, and then the injection machine injection device of the high temperature and pressure of the plastic melt into the mold cavity, cooling or after curing,in the role of the lateral parting remove mold plastic parts.Also according to the design of the mould size choose to install the corresponding mold frame, the resulting intuitive structure design; In addition to use CAD draw the mold assembly drawing as well as a variety of molding part drawing.

Key words:Thermostat;plastics mold;CAD/CAM;ABS plastic;Three-Dimensional


目  录

引言 1

1  注塑模设计的相关理论概述 3

1.1 注塑成型的相关概念 3

1.1.1 注塑成型的基本概念 3

1.1.2 注塑成型的特点 3

1.1.3 注塑成型的工艺过程 3

1.2 注塑模的定义 4

1.3 注塑模的分类 4

1.4 注塑模设计流程及关键环节 6

1.5 注塑模设计软件——UG简介 7

1.6 注塑模主要加工方法简介 9

2  温控器垫块注塑模设计 10

2.1 温控器垫块相关参数计算 10

2.2 温控器垫块成型工艺要求 10

2.2.1 塑件工艺性分析 10

2.2.2 塑件材料的基本特性 11

2.2.3 ABS的性能指标 11

2.2.4 塑件材料成型性能 11

2.2.5 尺寸精度分析 11

2.2.6 表面质量分析 11

2.2.7 模塑设备的选择 12

2.3 注射模的结构设计 13

2.3.1 分型面的选择 13

2.3.2 确定型腔的排列方式 13

2.3.3 浇注系统的设计 14

2.3.4 浇注系统的平衡 16

2.3.5 推件机构的设计 16

2.4 模架的选择 17

2.5 型腔工作尺寸的计算 17

2.6 型芯工作尺寸的计算 19

2.7 模具的其他相关计算 20

2.8 冷却装置的设计 20

2.8.1 冷却时间的计算 21

2.8.2 冷却水管直径 21

2.8.3 冷却水道的结构 21

2.9 开模行程的校核 22

2.10 注射机的校核 22 

2.11 模具外形尺寸校核 22

2.12 注射模的安装与调试 23

3  温控器垫块注塑模的仿真实现 24

3.1 模具开发流程 24

3.2 产品建模 24

3.3 温控器注塑模装配仿真 25

4  温控器垫块注塑模型腔加工工艺及流程 28

5  机械加工工艺卡 30

6  结论 31

致  谢 32

参考文献 33


引言

模具是基础工业的生产设备，模具技术就是生产技术。作为发展和振兴我国大力推手的模具行业，日益受到人们的关注和重视。模具工业的一个组成部分是属于高新技术产业，重要组成部分是装备工业。在每一个国家的模具一直享有“工业（百业）之母”，“重点行业”，“不可估量的电力行业”，“产业发展的全部秘密”，“效益放大器”等一系列的声誉。模具行业的现状是很重要的，而且在国民经济工业机械，石化，汽车，电子，建筑的五大支柱，需要相应的模具行业。在推行资源节约型社会的当今时代，塑料工业的强大也要求注塑模具的发展紧随其后，所以相关研究也逐步深入并实现实践。注塑模具的研究包含着产品材料、模具设计、模具制造，国内外研究学者投入的心血都转化成海量的文献，对注塑模具的发展有着承前启后的作用。

中国已成为承接工业发达国家模具业转移的良好目的地，随着国际交往的日益增多和外资在中国模具行业的投入日渐增加，中国压铸模具已与世界有着千丝万缕的联系。据相关专业人士分析，接下来的十年，中国的模具行业技术发展的主要方向如下：

（1）模具结构越来越大、复杂、精密、预期寿命增加

由于成型部件越来越大，高效率的生产要求的一模多腔的模具（如塑料模具已达到几百模腔），使模具体积越来越大，随着元件的小型化和不断发展，模具结构（例如进模工作位数增加，提高精度）的改善，精密模具增加了从5微米到2?3微米，在将来需要一些模具的精度容差为1μm或更小，这将促进超精密加工的发展。[1]


内容简介：
编号： 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译（原文）院 （系）： 专 业： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师单位： 姓 名： 职 称： 2014 年 3 月 9 日第 0 页 共 28 页Die historyMeorice WilkesAbstract Functional parts are needed for design verication testing, eld trials, customer evaluation, and production planning. By eliminating multiple steps, the creation of the injec-tion mold directly by a rapid prototyping (RP) process holds the best promise of reducing the time and cost needed to mold low-volume quantities of parts. The potential of this integration of injection molding with RP has been demonstrated many times. What is missing is the fundamental understanding of how the modications to the mold material and RP manufacturing process impact both the mold design and the injection molding process. In addition, numerical simulation techniques have now become helpful tools of mold designers and process engineers for traditional injection molding. But all current simulation packages for conventional injection molding are no longer applicable to this new type of injection molds, mainly because the property of the mold material changes greatly. In this paper, an integrated approach to accomplish a numerical simulation of injection molding into rapid-prototyped molds is established and a corresponding simulation system is developed. Comparisons with experimental results are employed for verication, which show that the present scheme is well suited to handle RP fabricated stereolithography (SL) molds. Keywords Injection molding Numerical simulation Rapid prototyping IntroductionIn injection molding, the polymer melt at high temperature is injected into the mold under high pressure 1. Thus, the mold material needs to have thermal and mechanical properties capable of withstanding the temperatures and pressures of the molding cycle. The focus of many studies has been to create the injection mold directly by a rapid prototyping (RP) process. By eliminating multiple steps, this method of tooling holds the best promise of reducing the time and cost needed to create low-volume quantities of parts in a production material. The potential of integrating injection molding with RP technologies has been demonstrated many times. The properties of RP molds are very different from those of traditional metal molds. The key differences are the properties of thermal conductivity and elastic modulus (rigidity). For example, the polymers used in RP-fabricated stereolithography (SL) molds have a thermal conductivity that is less than one thousandth that of an aluminum tool. In using RP technologies to create molds, the entire mold design and injection-molding process parameters need to be modied and optimized from traditional methodologies due to the completely different tool material. However, there is still not a fundamental understanding of how the modications to the mold tooling method and material impact both the mold design and the injection molding process parameters. One cannot obtain reasonable results by simply changing a few material properties in current models. Also, using traditional approaches when making actual parts may be generating sub-optimal results. So there is a dire need to study the interaction between the rapid tooling (RT) process and material and injection molding, so as to establish the mold design criteria and techniques for an RT-oriented injection molding process. In addition, computer simulation is an effective approach for predicting the quality of molded parts. Commercially available simulation packages of the traditional injection molding process have now become routine tools of the mold designer and process engineer 2. Unfortunately, current simulation programs for conventional injection molding are no longer applicable to RP molds, because of the dramatically dissimilar tool material. For instance, in using the existing simulation software with aluminum and SL molds and comparing with experimental results, though the simulation values of part distortion are reasonable for the aluminum mold, results are unacceptable, with the error exceeding 50%. The distortion during injection molding is due to shrinkage and warpage of the plastic part, as well as the mold. For ordinarily molds, the main factor is the shrinkage and warpage of the plastic part, which is modeled accurately in current simulations. But for RP molds, the distortion of the mold has potentially more inuence, which have been neglected in current models. For instance, 3 used a simple three-step simulation process to consider the mold distortion, which had too much deviation. In this paper, based on the above analysis, a new simulation system for RP molds is developed. The proposed system focuses on predicting part distortion, which is dominating defect in RP-molded parts. The developed simulation can be applied as an evaluation tool for RP mold design and process optimization. Our simulation system is veried by an experimental example.Although many materials are available for use in RP technologies, we concentrate on using stereolithography (SL), the original RP technology, to create polymer molds. The SL process uses photopolymer and laser energy to build a part layer by layer. Using SL takes advantage of both the commercial dominance of SL in the RP industry and the subsequent expertise base that has been developed for creating accurate, high-quality parts. Until recently, SL was primarily used to create physical models for visual inspection and form-t studies with very limited functional applications. However, the newer generation stereolithographic photopolymers have improved dimensional, mechanical and thermal properties making it possible to use them for actual functional molds. 1 Die position in industrial productionMold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment. With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development. The basis of the modern industrial economy. The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. March 1989 the State Council promulgated “on the current industrial policy decision points“ in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. Since 1997, they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the “current national focus on encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog“ and “to encourage foreign investment industry directory.“ Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support. Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool industry, beginning in 1997, Chinas industrial output value has exceeded the mold machine tool industry output.According to statistics, home appliances, toys and other light industries, nearly 90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks; in aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machinery and radio industries, the proportion exceeded 60%. Such as aircraft manufacturing, the use of a certain type of fighter dies more than 30,000 units, of which the host 8000 sets, 2000 sets of engines, auxiliary 20 000 sets. From the output of view, since the 80s, the United States, Japan and other industrialized countries die industry output value has exceeded the machine tool industry, and there are still rising. Production technology, according to the International Association predicts that in 2000, the product best pieces of rough 75%, 50% will be finished mold completed; metals, plastics, ceramics, rubber, building materials and other industrial products, most of the mold will be completed in more than 50% metal plates, more than 80% of all plastic products, especially through the mold into.2 The historical development of moldThe emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years ago, pottery and bronze foundry, but the large-scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed.The 19th century, with the arms industry (guns shell), watch industry, radio industry, dies are widely used. After World War II, with the rapid development of world economy, it became a mass production of household appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. From a global perspective, when the United States in the forefront of stamping technology - many die of advanced technologies, such as simple mold, high efficiency, mold, die and stamping the high life automation, mostly originated in the United States; and Switzerland, fine blanking, cold in Germany extrusion technology, plastic processing of the Soviet Union are at the world advanced. 50s, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, production can meet the product requirements of the mold. Multi-die design rule of thumb, reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge, on the design of mold parts of a lack of real understanding of function. From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times - the main components of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical sub-bridge, and to continue to apply to on-site practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development. The result is summarized mold design principles, and makes the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structure, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a new look to the practical direction of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage.Into the 70s to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of the second stage. Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, business life, high-precision multi-functional automatic school to help with. Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multi-station transfer station module. On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press - bending machine. In the meantime, the Japanese stand to the worlds largest - the mold into the micron-level precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. In the meantime, in order to meet product updates quickly, with the short duration (such as cars modified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economic-type mold, such as zinc alloy die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel skin, also has been very great development.From the mid-70s so far can be said that computer-aided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. With the precision and complexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. Rely on common processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. Since the 90s, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC milling, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. The use of computer automatic programming, control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scope. In recent years, has developed a computer to time-sharing by the way a group of direct management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system.With the development of computer technology, computers have gradually into the mold in all areas, including design, manufacturing and management. International Association for the Study of production forecasts to 2000, as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role. Automatic Design of die most fundamental point is to establish the mold standard and design standards. To get rid of the people of the past, and practical experience to judge the composition of the design center, we must take past experiences and ways of thinking, for series, numerical value, the number of type-based, as the design criteria to the computer store. Components are dry because of mold constitutes a million other differences, to come up with a can adapt to various parts of the design software almost impossible. But some products do not change the shape of parts, mold structure has certain rules, can be summed up for the automatic design of software. If a Japanese companys CDM system for progressive die design and manufacturing, including the importation of parts of the figure, rough start, strip layout, determine the size and standard templates, assembly drawing and parts, the output NC program (for CNC machining Center and line cutting program), etc., used in 20% of the time by hand, reduce their working hours to 35 hours; from Japan in the early 80s will be three-dimensional cad / cam system for automotive panel die. Currently, the physical parts scanning input, map lines and data input, geometric form, display, graphics, annotations and the data is automatically programmed, resulting in effective control machine tool control system of post-processing documents have reached a high level; computer Simulation (CAE) technology has made some achievements. At high levels, CAD / CAM / CAE integration, that data is integrated, can transmit information directly with each other. Achieve network. Present. Only a few foreign manufacturers can do it.3 Chinas mold industry and its development trendDie in 1997 only 78 million U.S. dollars export mold. At present the technological level of China Die in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most of the game is still in trial stages and animation; in the application of CAM technology manufacturing molds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the introduction of advanced equipment) or computer standard (IBM PC and compatibles, HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing speed differences, differences in resistance to electromagnetic interference, networking is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task; in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based on the need for a lot of standardization work; in the mold common technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. Computer-aided technology, software development, is still at low level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use the ordinary forging, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, box-type furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not complete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play.Lack of technology of high-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of compound talents. Chinas mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. Before 1980, practitioners of technical personnel and skilled workers, the aging of knowledge, knowledge structure can not meet the current needs; and staff employed after 80 years, expertise, experience lack of hands-on ability, not ease, do not want to learn technology. In recent years, the brain drain caused by personnel not only decrease the quantity and quality levels, and personnel structure of the emergence of new faults, lean, make mold design, manufacturing difficult to raise the technical level.3.3 mold industry supporting materials, standard parts of present conditionOver the past 10 years, especially the “Eighth Five-Year“, the State organization of the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute, universities and steel enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other mold-specific carbide special tools, auxiliary materials,
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