2016年四级阅读理解模拟题

Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are Americas kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolationbrought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other thingsand a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given that we cant turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. Its not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesnt have to ruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _.A) surprising B) confusing C) illogical D) questionable22. What does the author mean when he says, “we cant turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) Its impossible to slow down the pace of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) Its impossible to forget the past.23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _.A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _.A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B) Childrens anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C) Childrens anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.参考答案：DBCCAThe process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. “ More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调 ) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quicklyperhaps with a two-second glance.ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another personquestion, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).21. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested inA. what he wears B. how tall he isC. how happy he is D. what color he dyes his hair22. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_.A. some people are more emotional than othersB. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another personC. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudesD. some people choose to keep to themselves23. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_.A. we dont accept the idea that we might never fully know another personB. we often get information in a casual and inexact wayC. we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotions ? 62 ?D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him24. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things areA. disclosures B. deceptionsC. stimuli D. interactions25. This passage mainly concerns_.A. the relationship between people B. the perception of other peopleC. secrets and deceptions of people D. peoples attitudes and characters参考答案：21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. BAs the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health.The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are 16 prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “fight“ or “flight“ and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 , but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 19 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to deal with it.A. cancel B. pace C. extreme D. automaticallyE. remove F. vital G. performance H. supposedI. rate J. exposure K. achievement L. unusualM obviously N withstand O harsh参考答案：11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. EIn the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents (反对者 ) have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown“. Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But dont expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New Yorks Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60s. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New Yorks public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Ioday, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.21.The authors attitude toward the development of nuclear power is_.A. negative B. neutralC. positive D. questioning22.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.23.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.A. there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U. S.C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.24. Governor Mario Cuomos chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditionsD. help the power company to solve its financial problems25. The phrase “single out“ is closest in meaning to_.A. delay B. end upC. complete D. separate参考答案：21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. DWater problems in the future will become more intense and more