语言学复习题VIP

Chapter1 Invitations to linguistics一、选择题1.、All languages have three major components, which are not including_DA、a sound system B、a system of lexicogrammar C、a system of semantics D、a system of pragmatics2、By_B it means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined, matters in the past, present, or future ,or in far-away places.A、arbitrariness B、displacement C、creativity D、duality 3、Language is a system consisting of having _B levels of structures.A、one B、two C、three D、four4、Language is a system of _A vocal symbols used for human communication.A.arbitrary B.specific C、organized D、regular5、The widely accepted meaning of arbitrariness was first proposed by_CA、Humboldt B、Halliday C、Saussure D、Chomsky6、Arbitrariness means that there is no logical connection between _D.A、words and sounds B、writings and meanings C、conventions and sounds D、meanings and sounds7、Language is _B_arbitrary at the syntactic level. Syntax is_arbitrary than words.A、/,less B、not,less C、not, more D、/,more8、What is the link between a linguistic sign and its meaning?_CA.Arbitrariness B.Duality C、Conventionality D .Creativity 9、_A_ of language makes it potentially creativity , and_of language makes learning a language laborious. A.Arbitrariness,conventionality B.Conventionality, arbitrariness C.Duality, conventionality D. Conventionality,duality 10.For learners of a foreign language, it is the_A_of a language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness . A. Conventionality B. Duality C.Displacement D.Creativity11.We know language is duality. The B_units are _and the _units have _meaning.A.secondary, meaningful ;primary, unidentifiableB.secondary,meaningless;primary,identifiableC.primary,meaningless;secondary,unidentifiableD.primary,meaningful ;secondary,identifiable12.The property of duality only exists in a system,namely,with both _C_and_A.pronunciations,elements B.units, meaningsC.elements, units D.elements,meanings13.To talk about _B_we must notice that language is hierarchical .A.displacement B.duality C.creativity D.arbitrariness14.A (An)_ Dis the smallest unit that is normally spoken by itself.A.affix B.word C.morpheme D. Syllable15._C_is the physical manifestation of the infinite use of finite means.A.Creativity B.Displacement C.Stratification D.Arbitrariness16.We can perceive the advantage of _B_,which lies in the great productive power our language is endowed with.A.displacement B.duality C.creativity D.arbitrariness17.By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its_D_and its_.A.recursiveness,displacement B.conventionality,arbitrarinessC.arbitrariness,duality D.duality, recursiveness18.The _C_of language partly originates from its duality.A.displacement B.conventionality C.creativity D.arbitrariness19.Because of _B_the speaker is able to combine the basic linguistic units to form an infinite set of sentences,most of which are never before produced or heard.A.displacement B.duality C.creativity D.arbitrariness20.The _C_nature of language provides a theoretical basis for this possibility.A.creative B.productive C.recursive D.potential21._A_ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize object,events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.A.Displacement B.Duality C.Creativity D.Arbitrariness22._A_ benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle generalizations and abstractions.A.Displacement B.Duality C.Creativity D.Arbitrariness23.Onomatopoeic words seem to be a convenient evidence for the _B_ theory.A.pooh-pooh B.bow-bow C.yo-he-ho D.sing-song24.Who defined the six primary factors of any speech event?_B_A.Chomsky B.Jakobson C.Halliday D.Saussure25.Who proposes the theory of metafunctions of language?_C_A.Chomsky B.Jakobson C.Halliday D.Saussure26.Halliday proposes the theory of metafunctions of language ,which function of the following is not including?_D_A.ideational B.interpersonal C.textual D.referential27.The function which constructs a model of experience as well as logical relations is _A_ A.ideational function B.interpersonal function C.textual function D.referential function28.Halliday proposed _C_categories of language functions by observing child language development.A.five B.six C.seven D.eight29.The interpersonal function is such a broad category that it is often discussed under various other terms. Which term is not included?_D_A.performative B.emotive C.expressive D.informative30.A scientific study of language is based on the _C_investigation of language data.A.symbolic B.systemic C.systematic D.system31.A linguistic theory is constructed about what _C_is and how it works.A.langue B.linguist C.language D.learning32.The study of language as a whole is often called_B_linguistics.A.Particular B.general C.ordinary D.generative33.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication is called_B_A.phonetics B.phonology C.phoneme D.phone34.Traditional grammar regards the _B_form of language as primary, not the spoken form.A.oral B.written C.writing D.vocal35.The description of a language at some point in time is a _A_study.A.synchronic B.diachronic C.historical D.comparative36.According to F. de Saussure, _C_refers to the abstract linguistic.A.parole B.performance C.langue D. Language37.Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and _B_A.words B.sounds C.objects D.ideas38.Language is _D_in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.A.instructive B.constructive C.intuitive D.productive39.Language is passed on from one generation to the next through_D_, rather than by instinct.A.learning B.teaching C. only learning D.both A and B40._D_ function constructs a model of experience and logical relations.A.Interpersonal B.Textual C.Metalingual D.Ideational41._C_function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal relations.A.Performative B.Interpersonal C.Phatic D.Metalingual42. The set of possibility for “doing“ is termed _A_ from a functional languages view.A.linguistic potential B.communicative competenceC.competence D.langue43._D_is realized by mood and modality.A.Recreational function B.Performative functionC.Informative function D. Interpersonal function44.Human language is different from animal communication systems because it is _B_.A.under immediate stimulus control B.stimulus freeC.stimulus bound D.stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest45._B_proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is ,language has IDEATIONAL,INTERPERSONAL, and TEXTUAL functions.A.Chomsky B.Halliday C.Bloomfield D.John Lyons46.What a speaker actually says on a particular occasion to a particular individual is what he has selected from the many possible things he could have said. This actual selection of things from what one could have said is termed_B_A.competence B.actual linguistic behaviorC.communicative competence D.linguistic potential47.The study of language as a whole is often called_C_.A.Synchronic linguistics B.Diachronic linguisticsC.General linguistics D.Macrolinguistics48._C_studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.A.Pragmatics B.Semantics C.Syntax D.Phonetics49._D_is a branch of linguistics concerned in principle with the physical representation of language or linguistic processes in the brain.A.Anthropological linguistics B.PsycholinguisticsC.Computational linguistics D.Neurolinguistics50.The informative function is predominantly the major role of language ;it is also called _A_function in the framework of functional grammar.A.ideational B.descriptive C.prescriptive D.textual二、Answer the following1. Why do human languages have the 4 design features?2. What function is the fundamental and the most important function of language? What is the relationship among all the functions of language? 3. What is the relationship between the linguistic structure and the functions of language? Chapter 2 1 the object of phonetics studies doesnt contain the of the speech soundsA produced B transmitted C perceived D received 2 we can divide the study of phonetics into three main parts . which one does not include?A articulatory B transmitted C perceptual or auditory D acoustic3 According to phonetician ,A.C.Gimsolls theory system ,there are 44 phonemes , among of which it includes consonantsA 10 B 15 C 24 D304 whih speech organ is not involved in the production of speech soundsA lungs B windpipe C tongue D throat 5 the three cavities of vocal tract does not include .A pharynx B mouth C nose D lungs6 in phonetic , the tongue can divide five parts . in phonology ,the corresponding sounds made with these parts of the tongue referred as three speech sounds. The following does not include A retroflex B coronal C dorsal D Radical7 at the top of the trachea is the , the front of which is protruding in males and know as the “ Adams Apple” A uvula B pharynx C epiglottis D larynx8 the focal folds has three kinds of open and close conditions . which one is not its condition?A apart B close together C totally apart D totally close 9when the vocal folds are apart ,the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be A voiceless B voiced C vowel D consonants10when the vocal folds are close together ,the airstream causes them to vibrate against each other and the resultant sound is said to be A voiceless B voiced C vowel D consonants11 which one is not the voiced consonant ?A b Bz Cd D t 12 the idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the phonetician A crystal B Zhou Youguang C Spencer D Otto Jespersen 13 which one is not the IPA main principles made the table ？A a separate letter for each distinctive sound B the same symbol should be used for the sound in any language in which it appearsC including many Roman alphabet letters D never using new letters and diactritics14 are produced by a closure in the vocal tract , or by a narrowing which is so marked that air can not escape without producing friction .A vowel B consonants C voiced D voiceless15 is produced without such stricture so that air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth or nose .A vowel B consonants C voiced D voiceless16 which one does not belongs to the according of dividing the manner of articulation?A the articulators may close off the oral tract for an instant or relatively long period B they may narrow the space considerably C they may simply modify the shape of the tract by approaching each other D they may simply modify the strong and weak of airstream17 It is necessary to separate three phases in the production of a stop (or plosive ) .so which one is the unnecessary phase?A the closing phase B the apart phase Cthe hold (or compression) phase D the release phase18complete closure of the articulators is involved so that airstream can not escape through the mouth , which is used for describing which one kind of manner of articulation?A stop B nasal C affricate D tap 19 nasal is very widely found in Chinese and English . which the following is not the nasal ?A m B n Cl Df20 involve more than one of these manner of articulation in that they consists of a stop followed immediately afterwards by fricative at the same place of articulation.A stop B nasal C affricate D tap 21 which one is not the bilabial in the place of articulation?Ap BK CB DM22 sounds are made by the tongue tip or blade (depending on the accent and language ) and the upper front teeth.A nasal B dental C labiodentals D retroflex23 which the following vowel is not the rounded sound in the 8 “primary” cardinal vowels?A o Bi Cu D /24 RP ，namely received pronciation has many other names. Which one has not been accept by most of people yet ?A BBC English B Oxford English C Kings or Queens English D London English 25 sounds are made with the tongue tip or blade curled back so that the underside of the tongue tip or blade forms a stricture with the back of the alveolar ridge or the hard palate. A retroflex B velar Cpalate Duvular 26 according to the chart of English consonants, the consonant zcan be describled through the manner of articulation and the place of articulation. Which the following one is completely right?A voiceless lilabial stopB voiced bilabial stop C voiceless alveolar frictive D voiced alveolar frictive 27 we can describe the English vowel I: according to the table “ classification of RP and GA pure vowel . which the following describing is completely correct ?A high front tense unrounded vowelB high back lax rounded vowelC mid central lax unrounded vowelD low back lax rounded vowel28 we can describe the English vowel u according to the table “ classification of RP and GA pure vowel . which the following describing is completely correct ?A high front tense unrounded vowelB high back lax rounded vowelC mid central lax unrounded vowelD low back lax rounded vowel29 which one is not the broad transcripton of English word “help”?A B C D 30 which the following pairs is not the minimal pairs for English vowel phonemes?A beatbit B betbat C speakpeak D batbut 31 phonemic transcriptions are different from phonetic transcriptions. By convention, we can describe the the first one( ). which the following one reflects the phenomenon?A / / B C D 32 which word reflects the assimilation , because of “ nasalized” “dentalized” “ velarization”? A cap B tent C since D can 33 epenthesis is an interesting case in oral English. It hatusually appear between the indefinite and the word that its initial letter is vowel sound .so let us judge A a hotel B a wagon C a white house D an honor34 which one is not the variants of the plural form in English ? A s B z C iz Dis35 the idea of distinctive features was first developed by Roman Jacobson in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonologyical contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds.which one does not belongs to the major distinctions?A consonantal Bsonorant C nasal D oral36 which the past tense form is not read id?A located B decided Cstudied D guided 37 suprasegmental features are those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. Which one is not the principle suprasegmentals?A spelling B stress C tone D intonation38 which one is not the basic part of structuring one syllable?A Rhyme B onset C nucleus D coda 39the Chinese Putonghua syllable ,however ,allows at most consonant(s) in the onset position and only nasals in the coda . thus the Putonghua syllable is represented as ( C) V(C).A O B 1 C 2 D 3 40 the devision of syllables in polysyllabic words has to be solved according to some principles , one of this is the maximal onset principle(MOP) ,which states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant,it is put into .A Rhyme B onset C nucleus D coda41stress is sometimes placed on a different syllable for different grammatical function a word plays. Which word that its different stress does not reflect the grammatical function?A convict B produce C laboratory D record42 according to the chart of English consonants, the consonant p can be described through the manner of articulation and the place of articulation. Which the following one is completely right?A voiceless lilabial stopB voiced bilabial stop C voiceless alveolar frictive D voiced alveolar frictive 1- 5 DBCCD6-10 ADCAB11-15 DDDBA16-20 DBADC21-25 BBBDA26-30 DADDC31-35 ADDDD36-40 CAABB41-42 CA语法 Linguistics Chapter Four 1 Which one below is excluded from syntactic relations? DA Positional relationsB Relations of substitutabilityC Relations of co-occurrenceD Logical relations 2 Who observed that positional relations are a manifestation of one aspect of “syntactic relations”? BA HjesmlevB F.de SaussureC ChomskyD Halliday3 What does a construction refer to in terms of its external syntax? AA The properties of the construction as a wholeB The description of the constructions make-upC Conventional functions in a languageD Its contribution to the meaning of structures containing it4 What does “immediate constituents” mean? BA One whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituentsB A term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a larger linguistic unit.C A group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a wholeD Acommon syntactic pattern in English and other languages by grouping together two or more categories of the same type with the help of a conjuction5 How many node(s