基于 MATLAB的某型轿车轮毂轴承优化设计说明书论文
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基于 MATLAB的某型轿车轮毂轴承优化设计说明书论文,基于,matlab,轿车,轮毂,轴承,优化,设计,说明书,仿单,论文
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姹 杞瘋杞存壙 浼寲璁捐鐨 紝涓 涓 氬熀纭锛 .鑳藉 熺 屾MATLAB 椾宸 叿殑浣 敤鏂 锛. 氳 鏈 瘯涓氳 璁 棰 鏂殑鎾板啓锛鐢 兘鍒濇 屾 璇鹃 鐨勬柟娉曞 锛兘 屾璇鹃 洰鐨勮 佸鏂 紝浠叿 竴 氱殑 洰 鑳藉锛鏈缁 竴 噾闄 鎶瀛櫌姣 璁烘枃瑙勮寖鐨 缁熸鏈枃 姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁 鏂囷級浠 鍔 涔 3锛 鏈瘯涓氳璁紙璁烘枃锛 棰 殑 琛 佸瓑纭欢 細1. 鍦璇诲 閲 璇鹃 鐩鏂勬鐨勫熀纭涓紝缁 璇勮藉 姹 杞瘋杞存壙 浼寲璁捐鐨 2.鑳藉 熺 屾 MATLAB 椾宸 叿殑浣 敤鏂 锛. 屾涓 噾闄鎶瀛櫌姣 璁烘枃瑙勮寖鐨 缁熸鏈 枃 4. 鑳藉 屾 浠诲姟锛弬鍔 渶 庣殑姣 璁捐绛旇京 4锛 富 佸弬鑰冩枃鐚細 1 鐜櫤鏂 姹 杞婚 鍖鏈 灞曠 垵 J. 姹 宸 壓涓庢潗鏂欙紝 2009(2):1-5. 2 鏉 皻鍕囷紝 嬩附锛 閭撳洓浜 姹 杞存壙鎶鏈 鍔悜 J. 杞存壙锛 2009(8): 57-61. 3 鑲櫀缂栬瘧. 藉 姹 杞瘋杞存壙鐨勫 灞昜 J. 鐜颁 闆堕儴浠 紝 2003 (1): 67-68. 4 鏉庨 闆 姹 杞瘋杞存壙曞厓浠嬬粛 J. 鏈烘 宸 鏍囧噯鍖栦 锛002 (7): 8-10. 5 榛庢 庯紝 榛勫钩 . 愮敤妯 嫙 鐏 畻娉曠殑杞胯杞 瘋杞存 壙氱洰鏍 紭鍖栬璁 J. 杞存壙锛007(12): 1-6. 6 閭 锛岄傚崕锛岄粍骞 鍩轰 椾鐨勮娇杞疆姣傝酱鎵挎暟 间紭鍖朳J. 鏈烘 璁捐涓 埗 狅紝 2009(4): 10-12. 7 榛庢 庯紝鏉 叴 楋紝鏉 繆 瓑 . 杞胯杞瘋杞存壙曞厓鎬 兘鍒瀽涓 紭鍖朳J. 杞存壙锛 2007(1): 38-41.8 浣曠粛紝 閭 箟鏉帮紝 垰 . 鍩轰 鏀硅椾鐨勫渾閿粴瀛 酱鎵夸紭鍖栬璁 柟娉曠殑 J. 缁勫 鏈 簥涓嚜鍔寲鍔犲“鎶鏈 紝2006(9): 1-7. 9 绔潕. 鍩轰 MATLAB 浼寲宸 叿殑瑙掓帴瑙悆杞存壙鐨 紭鍖栬璁J. 鐓熆鏈烘 锛 2011(7): 20-21. 10 鐜嬩笢宄帮紝鍙 啗锛屾潹浼 绛 鍙垪瑙掓帴瑙悆杞存壙鐨勫 鐩浼寲璁捐 J. 杞存壙锛 2007(8): 8-10. 11 榄忛攱fi 鍩轰鏀硅椾鐨勬満姊板 鐩浼寲璁捐鏂 鐨 禰 D. 瑗畨锛氳 夌悊宸 瀛紝2006. 12 闆疯嫳鏉帮紝 犲杽鏂囷紝 鏉庣画 绛 MATLAB 椾宸 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閬椾紶绠 硶锛 “杞 瀹藉 鍚戦棿闅欎涓璁彉 忋紭鍖栫粨鏋滄 冻璁捐 涓 浠讳綍绾潫鎯 喌涓嬪 鑳 鎹 熻楋 璇粨鏋 鏃惰瘉庝鎵 鏂规硶浠 绾潫 悊鎶鏈 浠 瀵浠栭棶棰樸浣粛 23绛 汉 欏 浜嗗熀浜 敼杩仐浼 畻娉 鍦嗛敟 氬瓙杞 浼璁捐 鐨勬 娉曘傞拡瀵 紶 畻娉 鍦嗛敟 氬瓙杞 浼璁捐 涓 叏瀵讳紭鑳藉 杈 闂 锛屾敼杩 涗 囧 閬椾紶绠 硶(Simple Genetic Algorithm SGA)鐨畻娉 弬鏁帮 浜渶浼 绛栫 锛 杩愮閫鐏 芥 娉 鐞 傛 鏂 瀹為 灉琛 槑锛 敼杩涚 閬椾紶绠 硶鍦渾閿fi粴瀛愯酱鎵跨 浼璁捐 鏂 鏈 fl寮虹 瀵讳紭鑳藉 屾 杈 鐨瀹 傛枃鐚甗24鍦 鏇 杞紭鍖栬璁 鏃跺欏皢鏇 酱寮 鍦锛 浣跨 瓙 紭鍖栫畻娉 浼鏇 酱杞 銆粨鏋滄 猴 濮嬪鎿庣fi姣 鍦 炲姞鏇 酱寮 鐨勬儏鍐典 锛岃酱鎵跨 鎽摝鍔 巼鎹 鍙 “寰楀埌忓 銆傚 涓涓悎鐞 浼璁捐 搴旇 鍒版 杞磋酱鎵跨郴 拰 瀵规 杞村 搴 銆 绔fi 25鍦 紶 熻璁 鍩虹涓婏 涓轰杩涗竴 闄嶄綆 掓 悆杞 鎵鍙 鎽摝闃 杞 鎹燂 杈惧埌 堕 浣跨瀵垮懡鐨洰鐨 “ 掓 悆杞 鎵鍙 鎿 鐭渶忎负浼 锛 绔嬩紭鍖 瀛 鍨 骞跺 鍒椾簩 鍒 畻娉 掓 悆杞 杩涜 浼璁捐 銆粨鏋滆酱鎵挎鎵垮彈鐨勬 鎿 鐭 50%宸 锛 樹 娇 鍛涓 26绛 姹借溅 弻鍒楄鎺 鐞 酱鎵繘琛岃璁 虹浜“棰畾鍔浇疯fl 鎿 鐭 鏃嬫粴姣旂 氱洰 紭鍖 瀛鍨currency1粨鏋滆瘉噰 “ 姞 硶瀵弻鍒楄 鎺 鐞 酱鎵跨 浼璁捐 鑳藉寰楀埌鏇村 鐨粨鏋傝鏋椾27绛 “8鏋 鍚 鍔 fifl 杞 涓轰锛屾轰浣跨 氬 绉紭鍖栬浠 SIGHT涓氱鏈 浠NSYS垚鐨勪紭鍖栦“鍙婂鏋 娉曘傞噰 LPQL绠 硶瀵 瀷杩涜 氱洰 紭鍖栬 璁 鍦 瀹氱 绾潫 欢涓嬪 轰酱鎵跨粨鏋 鏈浼 瀵粨鏋滆鏂规硶 忓 浜嗛噸 伐浣滐 浜嗚璁”“鍙婅currency1鍔绋嬪 锛 涓斿 鏈 ”鏁 绋 畾 拰鍙 潬 绛 紭 ”嬪28浠 疯酱鎵跨 鐤插姵瀵垮懡鏈夸负 芥 锛 绔嬩 紭鍖栬璁 鏁板 瀷銆傚 熀纭涓婏 鍒iSIGHT浼璁捐 杞 欢瀹 浜紭鍖栬繃绋閫夌浼 搴腑鐨 鍙滅, 鍐 夌搴忓垪浜屾 娉 NLPQL) 涓滅 銆粨鏋滆 虹鐨勪紭鍖鍨嬪 闄 杞 鐨璁 涓瀹氱 鎸囧 浣滅銆傝瀛 29 浜嗛 悆杞 鍐 瀯鍙傛 浼璁捐 鐨 熀鏈 鍒欙 浠柌鍔 鍛 涓轰紭鍖栬璁 芥 锛 氳繃瀵 鐞 酱鎵垮拰闄 鐞 酱鎵跨 瀵规 璇 ,璇槑浜嗛 悆杞 鐨勯 閫 瑕佷紭浜鐞 酱鎵 骞堕 璇佷闄 鐞 酱鎵夸紭鍖栬璁 鍒欍傚 30 鍚堥 疯酱鎵垮 浼 瀷锛洰 囧嚱鏁颁负鐤插姵瀵垮懡 鎺寰 鐑 棆鎽摝鍔 巼锛闈炲姡鎺 閬椾紶绠 硶姹傝 璇浼闂 銆粨鏋滄 轰紭鍖栫 鍚堥 疯酱鎵挎 椾紭浜庡 璁 傛 寮31杩愮搴忓垪浜屾 绠 硶锛 闄 鐞 酱鎵块瀹氶 杞借浼璁捐 锛 浼 嶇fi姣 棰畾闈欒浇峰鍒颁 銆杩 杞“杞 鐨勪紭鍖栬璁 负浼楀瀛 鐮旂鏂 锛岃繖鏂 鐨 跺 浜 満姊 崌浠 熶 鐨粡 鏈 噸瑕 涔 骞 笖撳墠璁畻鏈烘鐨勬 浣垮鏇村姞 鐨勪紭鍖栭棶棰 浠鍐 鍥 鏈 棰樼 鐮旂 锋 鐨 伐绋嬪 鍊 3. 鐮旂 瀹绗 笁浠疆姣傝酱鎵挎槸姹借溅鐨勯噸瑕浂閮 欢锛浜庡 瀯鏂 銆 伐鍐 鍔 笖浣跨鏃 骞挎硾锛 拡瀵寮曚紭鍖栬璁 鏈 噸瑕 涔 32銆负浜紭鍖栫 涓 唬杞 “ 杞 鐨柌鍔 鍛 瀵垮懡锛屾 鎿敓鐑 锛 鍒嗗鎸 涓 唬杞 “ 杞 鐨勪紭鍔 鏈 枃浠庝“涓嬪嚑涓 闈 睍寮鐮旂锛 锛 锛 绔嬬涓 唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖 鍨 閫 鐤插姵瀵垮懡銆 鎹 鍛藉拰鎽摝 绛 涓轰紭鍖栫洰 囷 璋 斿 閬椾紶绠 硶宸 绠 腑鐨 鍒 搴 硶锛“鍙 ATLAB浼宸 绠 腑鐨勯潪鍔” 搴忛仐浼 畻娉II锛圢SGA-II锛 鍒 眰 涓唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖栭棶棰橈 锛 锛 鏋愮涓 唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖栬 腑鍚璁彉 鍒嗗竷 銆傚 姣斿 鏋 绉嶇畻娉曚 绗 笁浠疆姣傝酱鎵跨 撳墠璁捐 紭鍖栬 璁 鍚勪 芥 鐨 彉鍖栬 寰 锛 锛 噰 ATIA 虹浼 瀷锛 ypermesh銆S-DYNA杩涜 鍔 瀛 鏋姣旇fl浼 鐨 鏋愮粨鏋滐 岃瘉浼 灉鐨勬 鏁 鍙傝 枃鐚1 ”嬫 鏂 姹借溅杞婚 鍖 鏈 跺垵鎺 J.姹借溅宸壓涓 潗鏂2009(2):15.2 ”嬩紵. 瀷杞溅杞“杞 鍔涘 鍒 鍙 紭鍖栬璁 D.椾 锛014.3 庡 囷 瀹嬩 锛 鍥涗簩.姹借溅杞 鎶鏈 鍔 J.杞 锛009(8):5761. 4 缂栬 .鍥藉 姹借溅杞“杞 鐨 J.”颁唬堕 浠讹 2003(1):6768.5 姹借溅杞“杞 浠嬬粛 J.鏈烘 宸 笟 囧 鍖栦 璐 锛 002 (7):81.6 栬曚锛懆.杞溅杞“杞 鐨勯fl 杞婚 鍖曡鍔 C.涓 杞璁 绗 璁 鏂 fl锛 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Mechanism and Machine Theory,2007,42 (2)锛33250 45 皬杈 鍩轰簬閬椾紶绠 硶鐨娇杞疆姣傝酱鎵垮 硶洏杞“浼璁捐 D.骞垮窞锛氬崕 悊宸瀛2011.姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁烘枃锛 寮 棰 鎶 鍛 2锛 璇鹃 瑕 鐨勯棶棰拰 熼噰 鐮旂鎵嬫锛堥斿 锛細 鐮旂 娈绗 笁浠疆姣傝酱鎵挎槸姹借溅鐨勯噸瑕浂閮 欢锛浜庡 瀯鏂 銆 伐鍐 鍔 笖浣跨鏃 骞挎硾锛 拡瀵寮曚紭鍖栬璁 鏈 噸瑕 涔 32銆负浜紭鍖栫 涓 唬杞 “ 杞 鐨柌鍔 鍛 瀵垮懡锛屾 鎿敓鐑 锛 鍒嗗鎸 涓 唬杞 “ 杞 鐨勪紭鍔 鏈 枃浠庝“涓嬪嚑涓 闈 睍寮鐮旂锛 锛 锛 绔嬬涓 唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖 鍨 閫 鐤插姵瀵垮懡銆 鎹 鍛藉拰鎽摝 绛 涓轰紭鍖栫洰 囷 璋 斿 閬椾紶绠 硶宸 绠 腑鐨 鍒 搴 硶锛“鍙 ATLAB浼宸 绠 腑鐨勯潪鍔” 搴忛仐浼 畻娉II锛圢SGA-II锛 鍒 眰 涓唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖栭棶棰橈 锛 锛 鏋愮涓 唬杞“杞 氱洰 紭鍖栬 腑鍚璁彉 鍒嗗竷 銆傚 姣斿 鏋 绉嶇畻娉曚 绗 笁浠疆姣傝酱鎵跨 撳墠璁捐 紭鍖栬 璁 鍚勪 芥 鐨 彉鍖栬 寰 锛 锛 噰 ATIA 虹浼 瀷锛 ypermesh銆S-DYNA杩涜 鍔 瀛 鏋姣旇fl浼 鐨 鏋愮粨鏋滐 岃瘉浼 灉鐨勬 鏁 姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁烘枃锛 寮 棰 鎶 鍛 鎸囧 鏁欏笀鎰忚锛1锛庡 滄枃鐚患杩扳濈 璇 锛 艰堪鍐 杈负涓板瘜锛弬 枃鐚悎鐞嗭 姒傛嫭浜嗚 棰樻鍖 惈鐨 跺瀹圭 稿 鑳屾櫙銆 熀纭鐭瘑銆 锛 鏃惰瀵规 璇鹃 鎵鐮旂鐨勪换鍔 繘琛 涓瀹氱 闃愯堪锛 鏈 棰樼 鐮旂鏈 竴瀹氱 鎸囧 鎰忎箟銆 2锛庡 鏈 棰樼 娣 銆 箍搴 宸 鎰忚 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級 灉鐨勯 細 鏈 棰毦搴腑绛 宸 忛腑锛 秹鍙 fi崇煡璇嗚寖鍥磋fl骞 瀵圭郴 熻璁 绋嬪 璁捐 鑳藉 浜 杈 鐨姹傘閫氳繃 槄 稿 璧勬锛 瀛 鎸囧 笀鐨勬 瀵硷 骞 粨鍚瀛煡璇 绉疮锛岃 鍚 鍙 “鍦瀹 闂村瀹屾垚绗 悎鏈 熻姹 姣曚笟璁捐 銆 3. 惁鍚屾 寮棰橈細鈭鍚屾 鈻涓 鎰鎸囧 鏁欏笀锛 2016 骞 03 鏈 06 鏃鎵鍦 涓氬 fi 細鍚屾 璐熻矗浜猴細 2016 骞 04 鏈 07 鏃毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目： 基于 MATLAB 的某型轿车 轮毂轴承优化设计 学生姓名： 邹富波 学 号： 1204104026 专 业： 车辆工程 所在学院： 机电工程学院 指导教师： 陈乾伟 职 称： 工程师 2016 年 3 月 3 日Design and implementation of multiple-output power supply for electric vehicleAbstractThe drive circuit of an electric vehicle requires a lot of different isolation voltage. In this paper, a multi-output power supply is designed to supply the drive circuit of an electric vehicle. The power supply system uses a flyback converter to achieve the isolated multi-output sources that contain fourteen sets of output voltage. In order to reduce noise interference, six sets of isolated sources are provided to drive insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Five sets of isolated sources are supplied for 485 cards, speed detector, and controller circuit of the flyback power supply. Three sets of common ground sources are supplied for status interface, the center processing unit, and the operation amplifier. In addition, a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) small-signal model, with a peak current mode control, is built, and the feedback controller is designed for stabilizing the desired power supply. Finally, a 20W multiple-output power supply is built to provide the drive sources of the electric vehicle.Keywords: Electric vehicle, flyback, multiple-output, discontinuous conduction mode1. IntroductionThe electric vehicle consists of electric drive, control system, driving transmission and the mechanical systems. The electric power drive and control system are the center of an electric car and they are also the main difference from the fuel car. The electric power drive and control system are composed of motor drive, power supply and the speed control device of the motor drive. The auxiliary power supply of the driving circuit is inevitable. The voltage of the auxiliary power supply required by driving circuit of the electric vehicle is various and it requests low noise interference. As a result, it is essential to prepare the isolated and individual multiple power supply output. Flyback converter is low-cost and has the developed circuit and the simple structure for the multiple outputs in the auxiliary power supply systems. The circuit itself does not require the isolation but in practice, for the consideration of the power increasing and the safety regulation, the design takes the isolation of the input from the output and the transformer is the common design for this electric isolation and the voltage level adjustment.2. System StructureThe flyback converter comes out from the Buck-Boost converter. The circuit structure is composed of a power transistor Q , isolated transformer, Tr and the output is diode Do, Capacitor Co and the load. The magnetic element of the flyback converter is made of the high frequency transformer and it acts like a choke. The transformer of high frequency can not only do isolation and adjust the voltage level but also store the magnet because of the air gap existing in the isolated transformer. The basic structure of the flyback converter is shown in the Fig. 1(a). The flyback converter in this design operates in the DCM.3. Flyback Converter DesignThe input voltage of the flyback converter in this paper is DC 360V420V, the switching frequency is 47kHz and the output power is 20W . Because it is multiple outputs, the secondary output takes the 5% power of the N3、N4、N6、N7、N9N16 and 10% power of N2、N5 and the 25% power of N8 . The following take the total sum of the output of the each group as the output of a single group ( 5V , 4A , 20W ) 1-2. The converter operates in the DCM and the turn-on duty cycle ( ) is 0.12.1D3.1. The constants design of the Flyback Converter Step 1: Calculate the primary inductance（L P）uFPsoin952)VL21m,p（1） Step 2: Calculate the turn off duty cycle（D 2) and the maximum turns（n）to enable the turn-off duty cycle Dr to be 0.52 as shown in Fig. 1(b).36.0)(12rD（2）5.21)(n2TRVLsoDop（3） Step 3: Calculate the primary peak value（ ）of the primary and rms pIcurrent（ ).prmsI926.0I1in,ppLTDV（4）185.03I1min,1prms ps（5） Step 4: Calculate the secondary rms current（ ）srmI21.732spsrmTDI（6） Step 5: Decide the output capacitor（ ）oCoppoVLnInC21)(max,（7）Because the practical output is multiple outputs, the capacity value can be calculated according to the formula ratio.3.2. The transformer design of the flyback converterThe following formulas illustrate the calculation and selection of iron core and the diameter of the winding of the transformer and the calculation unit are based on CGS units, magnetic flux is based on Gauss and the current density is calculated based on A/cm .2 Step 6: Select the iron core of the transformer28.01max8sufrewFKJBPAP（8） Step 7: calculation of the primary and secondary winding（ ， ）pNsturn 150max8BAILNepp（9） ,take 5 turns 7.41in,2DVops(10) Step 8: Calculate the skin depth（ ）and primary and secondary wire size（， ）wpAsSkin depth Calculation（ ）：2m609.1sf（11）Wire Size Calculation（ ）：2m0465.ax2)(JIArspw（12）(13)8025.1max)(JIrswsAfter calculation, the AP of the iron core is =0.288cm , the iron core EI25 of AP4TDK is selected for a single output. Because the secondary output of power supply is multiple outputs, EI25 can not put the total secondary output in it, so the step 6 to step 8 for the selection of the iron core is required to repeat. Step 6 (repeat): Select the iron core of the transformer73.01max8sufrewFKJBPAP（14） Step 7 (repeat):calculation of the primary and secondary winding( , )1N2turn (15)9017.6103429581 Nturn (16).2For the other secondary turns, use for calculation.21NVThe following is the result of the secondary turns after calculation: takes 11 3Nturns, takes 11 turns, takes 18 turns, takes 11 turns, takes 8 turns, 4N5678takes 18 turns, takes 19 turns, takes 11 turns. The actual winding is still 14915Nbased on the inductance. Step10: skin depth（ ）and primary and secondary wire size（ 、 ） wpAs2609.2471.62. mfs（17）Wire size calculation:2max)(1 1065.48.0( mJINArspwp （18）、 、 、 、 in the following calculation are calculated 34679N15with 5% of the total output power and 、 are calculated with the 10% of the 25Ntotal output power and is calculated with the 25% of the total output power and 8the formula is like (19).max)(%JPIArsws（19）， ， ，2218.0)(Nws 2309.)(mNAws2409.)(mNAws， ， ，5As6s 7s， ， .284.)(mws 214-9.)(ws 215.)(wsConsidering the output legs and the requirement of the winding to be put in, the iron core EI25 does not meet the requirement. If the calculated wire is too thin to be the winding of the transformer, the final choice would be iron cell EER3928 of FDK.The AP of EER3928 of FDK is AP=1.956cm , and the winding area is4=146 .There is still space for the window area of the iron cell so the wire size wA2mis changed to be .Under the condition that every secondary wire size 214.0)(mNwshould not be more than the maximum size of skin depth, the ROBBIN winding area could be best applied. Here takes 0.45 ， takes 0.2 ，)(2Aws 2m)(3NAws 2mtakes 0.23 ， takes 0.45 ， takes 0.2 ，)(4NAws 25Ns 6stakes 0.2 ， takes 0.4 with double winding,)(7NAws 2m)(8NAws 2mtakes 0.2 ， takes 0.23 .149s 15sThe next step is to calculate all the space that all the winding, isolation tape and the isolation layers that would take and the length of each side of iron cores. Because the wire is in the round shape, the gap between the wire and isolation tape can not be put with extra wires just like the Fig. 2(a) shows. The winding space that the wire occupies is calculated with square. Each winding individually takes up the space as below: =14.4 ， =0.81 ， =0.44 ， =0.58 ， =3.641NA2mNA2m3NA24NA2m5NA， =0.44 ， =0.32 ， =5.76 ， =4.56 ，26272821492=0.58 Total winding space is the sum of to 15N 1N, =31.5388 .The isolation tape space is .The isolation A2m2.mTaplayer space is .The total space is .The 290185.E 2978.40Atolresult of the transformer winding and the cross-section of the transformer is in Fig. 2(b).4. Controller DesignThe inverter should have proper feedback control to control the power switch turn-on and turn-off time and sustain the stable output voltage. The PWM control chip adopted in this paper is UC3844.4.1. Small-Signal Model of Main Circuit in Flyback ConverterThe small-signal DCM equivalent circuit of the flyback converter is shown in Fig. 3(a) 3. Capital letters refer to the DC value and () refers to the variation of small signal. In the circuit,， ， ， ， ，RMgi2DVKoi RMgf2DVKoRg10， .sinoLfV2oINapn4.2. Small-Signal Model of Current Control ModeIn DCM, the inductance current starts from 0 in every cycle and and are Li Lidnot related but and and the slope of are related and these are the results cVrampLifrom the DCM current control mode 3-5 and the block Fig. 3(b) shows the peak current control in discontinuous mode. The is the compensator.cGThe duty cycle to output vo
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