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汽车车门轻量化研究与分析说明书论文,汽车,车门,量化,研究,钻研,分析,说明书,仿单,论文
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姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁 鏂囷級浠 鍔 涔 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級棰樼洰锛氭苯杞溅闂交閲忓寲鐮旂涓庡垎鏋 瀛敓濮撳悕锛氶儹鍚翠寒 瀛 鍙凤細 1204202013 涓 涓氾細杞締宸 鎵鍦 闄細鏈虹數宸瀛櫌 鎸囧 鏁欏笀锛氬崲鍐涢攱 鑱 绉帮細鍓暀鎺 鍙戜换鍔功鏃湡锛015骞2鏈0鏃浠诲姟涔鍐欒 姹 1锛庢瘯涓氳璁紙璁烘枃锛変换鍔功鐢辨寚瀵兼暀甯堟牴鎹悇璇鹃鐨勫叿浣撴儏鍐靛鍐欙紝缁忓鐢熸墍鍦 涓 锛 櫌锛 瀵 瀛 鐢熸 浠诲姟涔 鍦 瘯 涓氳璁紙璁烘枃锛 濮 涓 骞 缁欏鐢2锛换鍔功鍐 currency1鐢“ fifl鏁翠功鍐欙紝涓 溅変功鍐欙”鏁欏姟涓璁捐 鐨數瀛 枃 紙鍙 鏁欏姟 涓 锛帮紝 枃 鍙 浣 紝 1.5 紝 鎵撳 鍦 涓 3锛换鍔功鍐鍐 鍐 锛 诲瀛敓姣 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級 鐨 儏鍐 涓 紝 鍙 锛 墍鍦 涓氬 伙紙闄 級涓荤 棰嗗壒鍚庢柟鍙噸鏂板鍐欍4锛换鍔功鍐 鍏斥滃 闄濄佲滀 涓氣濈瓑鍚嶇 鐨勫鍐欙紝搴fi啓涓 枃鍏 锛屼笉鑳藉啓鏁板瓧浠爜 傚 鐢熺 鈥滃 鍙封濊鍐欏叏鍙凤紝涓 兘鍙 啓鏈鍚浣嶆垨 1浣嶆暟瀛椼5锛换鍔功鍐呪滀富 佸弬鑰冩枃鐚 濈 啓锛 鎸夌収 婇噾闄鎶瀛櫌鏈 姣 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級鎾板啓瑙勮寖 嬬 涔啓 6锛庢 鍏冲勾鏈堟棩绛棩鏈熺 啓锛 撴”鐓 浗鏍嘒B/T 7408鈥4 婃暟鎹 厓鍜屼氦鎹忋佷俊鎭 氦鎹 棩鏈熷鏃堕棿琛娉曘 锛屼竴寰嬬敤闃挎媺浼暟瀛椾功鍐欍傚 鈥 002骞 鏈 鏃濇垨鈥 002-04-02鈥濄姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁 鏂囷級浠 鍔 涔 1锛庢湰姣 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級璇鹃搴旇揪鍒扮 鐩 锛 閫氳繃鏈 姣 璁烘枃 瀛敓鑳藉鍒敤鏈 檺鍏冭蒋浠 姹借溅杞棬 涜鍒瀽涓庣 爺绌讹紝鍏剁洰鐨勫湪 庡煿鍏诲 鐢熺患鍚堝垎鏋愬瑙喅鐩稿叧闂 鐨嫭绔 fl浣滆兘鍔 撳 鍜 鐢熺 锛 煿鍏诲 鐢熸 鐢 鏈 鏂 藉 璁捐 鎵 锛 琛 暟鎹 啓鎶鏈 枃浠剁瓑鏂 鐨勫fl浣滆兘鍔 浣 鐢熷 宸 佸 ,宸 浣 傚 鏃 琛 爺绌 鍚currency1闄“ 鍚敓 fi宸 fl鍜fl 鏈 fl 涔 宸 鏂 2锛庢湰姣 璁捐 锛堣 鏂囷級璇鹃浠诲姟鐨勫 锛堝 濮暟鎹 鏈 姹 佸fl浣滆 姹”瓑锛細浠嬬姹借溅杞棬杞 鐮旂扮 锛屼缁 溅闂 缁撴锛屼缁嶆苯杞交閲忓寲閫fi锛 杞 溅闂 鍙currency1 嫭 涜浠嬬 傚 宸 鐨 苯杞溅闂交閲忓寲鐮旂鏂 锛 杞棬鍐挎 鏂欏 闃 缁撴 涜杞 璁紝瀵璁 杞棬 涜 鎵 鑳藉 鍒瀽锛湪 涓 寰 溅闂 鏂欏闃 缁撴 兘寰椾 锛 鏃 浼杞棬鐩稿 姣 紝浠 浣 鍒 鑰 忓鎺 姹”爺绌 紝 锛 鍚堣鏂 鍐欒 紝宸 閲忓 紝姣 璁捐 鏂 锛 傚 鍏 璁畻鏈轰竴鍙帮紝 pro/e杞 欢锛孉 NSYS杞 欢鐩稿叧鏂尞浠庢牎 湡鍒婄鑾 姣 涓 璁 璁紙璁 鏂囷級浠 鍔 涔 3锛庡 鏈瘯涓氳璁紙璁烘枃锛夎 棰 鏋滅 fi 浘琛佸鐗瓑 欢 曪細鎸湡 涓绡 鍚 噾闄鎶瀛櫌璁烘枃瑙勮寖鐨 瘯涓氳 璁紙姣 璁烘枃锛 .5涓囧瓧浠 锛堝苟闄 鍏崇 鍒瀽鏁 嵁锛浘琛 級锛兘璇粏璇存槑鐮旂 濊矾锛涜兘鏈夌粨鏋勫畬鏁 紝鍚堢悊鍙 潬鐨 鏈 柟堬鑳芥 鐩稿 鐨勮 璁 鏄庯紝 剧鍜 鏈 弬鏁拌 鏄庯紝 骞 皢楠瘉缁撴灉鍦 枃涓 垪恒4锛富 佸弬鑰冩枃鐚細 1 柊 闄堟案娉 鏈 檺鍏冩 鍩虹 鍙夾 NSYS搴旂敤M.绉currency1 虹増绀 20082 璁稿厗妫 鍒 案 姹借溅鏋勯狅紙涓 锛 介槻宸 虹増绀綶 M.2012(08)3 嬩紵. 姹借溅杞棬杞 嬮 叏 兘鐮旂D.閲 簡 氬瀛 2014锛6锛4 烘窇 姹借溅杞韩缁撴涓 璁 M.鏈烘 宸 虹増绀 2014(09)5 畯闆 寰愬 杞棬鐨勮交閲忓寲璁捐 J.姹借溅宸.2004(08)6 織娣 鍩轰簬杞胯溅 B 辫交閲忓寲璁捐 鐨勮 紭 垎鏋怺D. 婀 崡 . 2012(03) 7 鏇鹃渷. 鍩轰簬杞 栫 杞棬缁撴浼寲D.婀 崡 . 2012(05)8 闇 瓭娉 鍩轰簬鏂板瀷挎 鐨 苯杞溅闂交閲忓寲浼寲璁捐 D. 繛 嗗fl . 2013锛6锛9 嬩笢淇 鍩轰簬鏈 檺鍏 姹借溅杞棬欐佸己搴垰搴 绠椾 鍒瀽 D. 鍝堝皵婊fl 瀛2009锛3锛10 鍐 厠寤 姹借溅杞棬闃 粨鏋 涗 浼寲 D. 鍝堝皵婊fl 瀛2012锛6锛11 涓缚鍎 愬瀷涔樼敤杞溅闂璁 鏈 檺鍏冧豢鐪熷垎鏋怺 D. 槼宸 .2015锛3锛12 犱笘涓 瀽姹借溅鍓 溅闂粨鏋勫 J . 瑁 鍒堕犳 鏈 2013锛7锛13 瘜 寰瀷杞胯溅杞棬渚 鐨勪豢鐪熺爺绌禰D. 眽 嗗fl . 2011 锛5锛14 杈 枃 犺儨淇 鍩轰簬 CATIA鐨 苯杞溅闂摪閾捐璁 J. 浼佷 鎶鏈 鍙 2013锛3锛15 椹 福 鏄孩 璁烘苯杞交閲忓寲 J. 涓 浗宸绉currency1 . 2009锛9锛16 鑳湞杈 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correctly.in addition,extremely high voltage is needed for the spark to bridge the gap of the spark plug in the harsh environment of the combustion chamber.Key words components the ignition timing 1 Components of ignition systemThere are two parts in an ignition system.the first one is called the primary side and the second is the secondary side. The primary side consists of the distributor and the electronic control module and the secondary consists of spark plugs and wires, an ignition coil,rotor and in some systems the distributor.the ignition system relies on the vehicles battery to provide a spark which sets the ignition system in motion and starts the vehicle.1.1 Ignition keyThe key is the first and most familiar part of an ignition system.when the key is turned it releases low voltage electricity from the primary circuit of the ignition system.this electricity then goes to the ignition coil.1.2 Ignition system coilThis part of the ignition system is an electromagnet as well as inductor that transforms high voltages from the vehicles battery.the coil is connected to the distributor.1.3 Spark plugsThe spark plugs and spark wires force electricity to the engine creating a voltage of between 40,000 and 100.000 volts.although they are simple and fairly small parts of an ignition system, when the spark plugs or wires get worn out, the vehicle will not run.This is why good vehicle care involves getting a regular tune-up.The modern spark plug is designed to last many thousands of miles before it requires replacement.these electrical wonders come in many configurations and heat ranges to work properly in a given engine.The heat range of a spark plug dictates whether it will be hot enough to burn off any residue that collects on the tip,but so hot that it will cause pre-ignition in the engine.pre-ignition is caused when a spark plug is so hot,that it begins to glow and ignite the fuel-air mixture prematurely,before the spark.most spark plugs contain a resistor to suppress radio interference.the gap on a spark plug is also important and must be set before the spark plug is installed in the engine.if the gap is too wide,there may not be enough voltage to jump the gap,causing a misfire.if the gap is too small,the spark may be inadequate to ignite a lean fuel-air mixture,also causing a misfire.1.4 DistributorThe distributor in an ignition system itself has two parts;the rotor and the distributor cap.like the name implies,this part distributes electricity from the coil to the spark plugs and wires and the cylinders of the vehicles engine. The number of cylinders depends upon the vehicle but is commonly either four or five cylinders.like spark plugs and wires the distributor cap and rotor become worn out and need to be replaced periodically.Many newer vehicles have ignition systems that do not have a distributor which are appropriately called a distributor-less ignition system.the work of the distributor is done directly through the use of modified spark plugs.this type of ignition system also does not contain spark plug wires.these vehicles are more environmentally friendly and fuel efficient as well as reducing the need for frequent tune-ups.2 The ignition timing Ignition timing is the measurement,in degrees of crankshaft rotation,of the point at which the spark plugs fire in each of the cylinders.it is measured in degrees before or after top dead center(TDC) of the compression stroke.Because it takes a fraction of a second for the spark plug to ignition the mixture in the cylinder,the spark plug must fire a little before the piston reaches TDC.otherwise,the mixture will not be completely ignited as the piston passes TDC and the full power of the explosion will not be used by the engine.Ignition timing on many of todays vehicles is controlled by the engine control computer and is not adjustable.however the timing can be read using a scan tool connected to the date link connector.The timing measurement is given in degrees of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches TDC(BTDC).if the setting for the ignition timing is 5。 BTDC,the spark plug must fire 5。 Before each piston reach TDC.this only holds true,however,when the engine is at idle speed.As the engine speed increases,the pistons go faster.the spark plugs have to ignite the fuel even sooner if it is to be completely ignited when the piston reaches TDC.to do this,distributors have various means of advancing the spark timing as the engine speed increase.on older vehicles,this was accomplished by centrifugal weights within the distributor along with a vacuum diaphragm mounted on the side of the distributor.later vehicles are equipped with an electronic spark timing system in which no vacuum or mechanical advance is used,instead all timing changes electronically based on signals from various sensors.If the ignition is set too far advanced(BTDC),the ignition and expansion of the fuel in the cylinder will occur too soon and tend to force the piston down while it is still traveling up.this causes engine ping.if the ignition spark tis set too far retarded, after TDC(ATDC),the piston will have already passed TDC and started on its way down when the fuel is ignition.this will cause the piston to be forced down for only a portion of its travel.this will result in poor engine performance and lack of power.3 Types of ignition system3.1 Breaker point ignition systemPrior to the early 70s,breaker point ignition systems were used on all vehicles and this allowed for simple automotive diagnosis,troubleshooting,and auto repair.breaker point ignition systems adequately met ignition requirements for decades,until stricter automotive emission control requirements are unveiled.in order to meet lower emission standards,passenger car and light truck manufacturers were forced to use leaner air/fuel mixtures. The voltage required to ignite a lean air/fuel mixture could not be economically provided by the breaker point system.so as a result,electronic ignition systems were developed to furnish the high voltage spark necessary to ignite the lean air/fuel mixture.The components used in the breaker point system consisted of a distributor,ignition points,a condensor,and ignition coil.the ignition coil contains two circuits ,the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.switched ignition voltage is supplied to the positive side of the ignition coil primary circuit.the current path flows through the ignition coil to the distributor,where it is grounded by the ignition breaker points.the ignition points are placed in the distributor adjacent to a cam mounted on the distributor shaft.when the engine is running,the spinning cam opens and closes the contacts of the points hundreds of times per second.when the points are closed,current flow is allowed through the primary circuit and a large magnetic field is created inside the ignition coil.the time that the ignition points are closed,is referred to as coil saturation time.coil saturation is the amount of electrical current that builds up inside the primary coil windings. The greater the saturation,the large the voltage output of the ignition coil.when the points are closed,current flow is allowed through the primary circuit and a large magnetic field is created inside the ignition coil.the time that the ignition points are closed,is referred to as coil saturation time.coil saturation is the amount of electrical current that builds up inside the primary coil windings.the greater the saturation,the larger the voltage output of the ignition coil.when the points are opened by the distributor cam,the magnetic field is caused to collapse and high voltage is generated inside the ignition coil.this current is referred to as secondary ignition voltage.the maximum secondary voltage output is around 20,000 volts.the current path of secondary voltage is through the coil wire into the distributor cap,across the rotor and out of the distributor cap,through the plug wires to the spark plugs.The breaker point system suffers many disadvantages;one is the longevity of the ignition points.in order to provide an acceptable length of service,the maximum amount of current that can flow through the ignition points is around 4amps.this limitation directly affects the maximum secondary voltage output of the ignition coil by reducing the amount of coil saturation.another drawback is the limitations placed on the system at high engine speeds.when the engine is at high speed,the points open and close so rapidly that coil saturation is inadequate.the points are closed for too short a duration to allow sufficient current to flow through the primary circuit.this causes a reduction in secondary ignition voltage output at higher engine speeds.another phenomenon affecting breaker point ignition systems is the tendency of the points to bounce or float,at high engine speeds.this can affect the timing of spark delivery to the spark plugs and have an adverse affect on engine operation.finally,breaker point ignition systems require frequent maintenance to ensure the correct operation of the ignition system.because ignition point are subject to wear by friction and curren flow,their replacement or adjustment during auto repair is required at regular intervals.3.2 Electronic ignition systemThe development of the electronic ignition system allowed automotive engineers to re-design the ignition system component to generate higher secondary ignition voltage.transistors were used to switch the primary ignition current instead of mechanical ignition points,so the amount of primary current was increased.this allowed higher secondary voltage above 40,000 volts on some engines.the ignition coils were re-designed for faster saturation times so that the secondary ignition voltage fall off,at high engine speeds,was reduced.transistorized ignition reduced vehicle maintenance by the elimination of the ignition points from the primary ignition system.With the conventional automotive electronic ignition system,the point have been replaced with a signal device mounted inside the distributor.the signaling device,either a magnetic pulse generator or a Hall effect,controls the switching of a transistor in the engine control module.the transistor is used to switch the automotive ignition coil primary circuit on and off.when the engine is first started,ignition timing is under direction of the ignition control module;take special note of this before embarking on an automotive troubleshooting and repair venture.when the engine reaches a predetermined engine speed,ignition timing control is then managed by the engine control module.the engine control module modifies the signals to the transistors inside the control module to vary ignition timing,based on engine operating conditions. 3.3 Distributorless ignition systemMost late model automobiles now use distributorless ignition system.the distributorless ignition system provides higher secondary voltages,more efficient operation and lower maintenance,in comparison with conventional electronic ignition systems.With distributorless ignition systems,ignition timing and firing order is manged by engine control module ,the engine control module determines cylinder position based on inputs from the crankshaft sensor ,and in some designs,the camshaft position sensor,the engine control module reads this information,and operates the primary ignition circuit of each coil.in sequence,using the ignition control module.The waste spark distributorless igniton system is used on most vehicles.the system matches paired cylinders to one coil.these cylinders are referred to as buddy cylinders,since they are always in the same position,relative to the crankshaft.when one buddy cylinder is at top dead center,the other is also at top dead center.however,one cylinder will be on the compression stroke,while the other is on the exhaust stroke.the ignition coil will deliver spark to both cylinders at the same time when they reach top dead center.since one cylinder will be on the exhaust stroke,the spark delivered to that cylinder is not used for combustion ,this is known as the waste cylinder.since the energy required to allow the spark to bridge the gap of the waste cylinder are very low,a majority of the secondary voltage is used to fire the spark plug of the active cylinder.Another type of distributorless ignition system is the direct ignition system.the direct ignition system uses one ignition coil per spark plug.most systems use an ignition driver module to control the primary ignition circuit .individual coil primary current flow is operated by signals from the engine control module to the ignition drive module.the engine control module determiner spark timing based on input information from the crankshaft position sensors.点 火 系 统文摘汽车的点火系统生成并产生火花,用来点燃燃烧室内部的燃气混合物。火花必须有一个确切的点火时间,发动机需要正确适当的运行顺序和足够时间的。此外,需要极高的电压火花塞的火花来填补在环境恶劣燃烧室的这一缺口。关键字 组成 点火正时1点火系统的组成部分点火系统有两个组成部分。第一个被称为初级侧和第二个是二次侧。第一个由分电器和电子控制模块，第二个由火花塞和电线,一个点火线圈,转子和分电器系统。点火系统依靠于汽车电池来提供一个火花,运行来并启动车辆的点火系统。1.1点火钥匙第一和最常见部分是点火系统的关键，释放低压的关键是从点火
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