基于PLC的物件分装自动控制系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的：通过毕业设计，使学生受到电气自动化工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：1.本 课 题 要 求 利 用 所 学 的 专 业 知 识 ， 进 行 一 个 基 于 PLC 的 物 件 分 装 自 动 控 制系 统 设 计 。2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序，包括详细的硬件设备配置，系统连接，程序调试等详细步骤；3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档，包括各类技术资料，电路图纸，程序等；4.系统要有实际的硬件展示，并能够通电运行；5.能够完成各项任务，参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文） ，能详细说明设计步骤和思路；2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.答辩时完成实际系统的运行和展示。 4主要参考文献： 1 郝 战 存 . 可 编 程 控 制 器 发 展 综 述 J. 河 北 工 业 科 技 , 2004, 21(2): 53-56.2 张万忠,孙晋编著. 可编程控制器入门与应用实例M. 中国电力出版社, 20053 肖青. 基于三菱 PLC 的变频多挡调速控制J. 电子制作. 2014(09)4 孟巧云. PLC 技术在物料控制系统应用中的研究J. 硅谷, 2009 (19).5 张华. EV5000 使用手册R. 上海：上海步科自动化有限公司，V3.0，2009.6 贾伯年,俞 朴. 传感器技术M. 东南大学出版社, 19927 周斐,主编.变频器技术与应用M. 南京大学出版社, 20128 李异河, 魏青帝. PLC 控制气动系统试验台的设计与研究 J. 液压与气动, 2004, 10: 33-34.9 陈 友 明 . 基 于 PLC 在 YL-235A 设 备 中 物 料 分 拣 的 程 序 设 计 J. 机 电 技 术 , 2009, 32(4): 120-120.10 蔡茂林. 第十讲: 气动系统的节能J. 液压气动与密封, 2008 (5).11 周超群 . 电磁阀的原理及其在工程设计中的应用探讨J. 石油化工自动化, 2006, 5: 92-94.12 谢丽萍，王占富，岂兴明. PLC 快速入门与实践M. 北京：人民邮电出版社，2010.13 GE L, MAO Y, LI Q, et al. RS232 Serial Interface Communication with the C Language JJ. Journal of Hebei University of Technology, 2008, 6: 006.14 朱崇志. 基于 PLC 的移位指令在 YL-235A 机械手控制中的应用J. 机电技术, 2010, 33(4): 78-79.15 张崇智 . PC 与三菱 FX2N 型 PLC 串口通信的实现J. 机床电器, 2005, 32(3): 37-39.16 王建伟,杨风,张鹏,秦彬. 基于 PLC 与组态软件的电动机变频调速系统J. 电气技术. 2009(12)毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.04-2015.11.282015.11.29-2015.12.162015.12.17-2016.01.102016.02.25-2016.03.092016.03.09-2016.04.282016.04.29-2016.05.092016.05.09-2016.05.132016.05.14-2016.05.21在毕业设计管理系统里选题与指导教师共同确定毕业设计课题查阅指导教师下发的任务书，准备开题报告提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲进行毕业设计（论文） ，填写中期检查表，提交论文草稿等按照要求完成论文或设计说明书等材料,提交论文定稿教师评阅学生毕业设计；学生准备毕业设计答辩参加毕业设计答辩，整理各项毕业设计材料并归档所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 3 月 3 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000 字左右的文献综述： 现如今伴随着科学技术的飞速发展，在实际生产过程中由于传统的继电-继电器控制均为独立元件，因其通用性、灵活性差，体积大，消耗材料多运行费用高，噪声大，功能局限性大，可靠性较低，不具备现在的数据通讯，网络控制等。所以本设计使用小型 PLC（可编程控制器）实现物件分装自动控制系统，运行稳定，精度准确，容易控制，性价比高。通过 YL-235A 设备模拟工业自动化产品生产过程的微缩模型，以其 PLC 控制、电机驱动、机械传动、气动控制、变频调速等技术，实现不同材料的自动分选和归类的功能。并额外配备了触摸屏，实现监控及权限操作控制，满足工厂不同人员的使用需求。一、自动化控制的基本概念自动化控制（automatic control）是指在没有人直接参与的情况下，使用外加的设备、装置（称控制装置或控制器） ，使机器、设备或者生产过程（统称被控对象）的某个工作状态或参数（即被控制量）自动地按照预定的规律运行。自动化控制技术的研究有利于将人类从复杂、危险、繁琐乏味的劳动环境中解放出来并极大的提高了工作效率。自动化控制是工程科学的一个分支。它涉及到利用反馈原理的对动态系统的自动影响，以使得设备所输出的值接近我们想要的值。从它的方法的角度看，它是以数学的系统理论为基础。我们今天称作自动控制的是二十世纪中叶产生的控制论的一个分支。基础的结论是由诺伯特维纳，鲁道夫卡尔曼提出的自动化控制的发展，从开始阶段的发生到形成一个控制理论，讲整个这个进程。自动化控制便是指这样的反馈控制系统，这个系统是有一个控制器跟一个控制对象组成的，把这个系统中的控制对象的输出信号把它取回来，测量回来后需要跟所要求的信号进行比较。根据所得到的这误差传输给控制器，这就是机器内部的工作了。让控制器完成这个控制作用，使得这个偏差消除或者说使得控制对象的输出跟踪我所需要的要求的信号。控制对象的输出量一般来说都是一个物理量，比如说我控制一个机器的转速，就是需要把速度测量出来，才能进行控制。二、自动化的发展趋势 现在的工业控制都趋向于自动化工作方式，优秀的自动化生产设备都是有很大的市场前景的。自动化设备从业者表示，自动化设备的火热推广主要原因来自于中国流水线工人的逐渐减少、人工成本不断成长，导致电子半导体、太阳能、面板等大中型企业对自动化设备需求快速提升。中国工资不断调涨，现在想再仰赖廉价的劳动力生产的时间点已经过去。企业购置使用自动化设备必然会增加营运成本，因为必须添购更多的新的工业计算机、架设新的自动化设备与产线。不仅如此，更需要在新的工厂建设使用才较能符合经济的效益，因此，也让不少老牌企业望之怯步。但是加装自动化设备，能让工厂生产效率大幅提升、节省更多人力成本，原本需要上千名人工的的工厂，在加装机械手臂、自动化设备后，可能只需要数十名技术人员便可解决，如此一来，便可让现阶段的公司节省下相当惊人的人工成本，但对于加装自动化设备的公司而言，初期还是必须忍受支出骤增的痛苦。更重要注意的一点是，由于未来各种电子产品均持续朝向小型化与薄型化发展，对精密度的要求也愈来愈高，很多产品单单靠人力组装加工已无法满足如今科技型公司需求，必须要用到自动化产品，所以工业自动化这是一个未来社会必然发展的趋势。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 本课题要研究或解决的问题是： 1.如何对系统的硬件设备进行选择； 2.设备安装的可实施性，以及对设备的气路、电路经行规划； 3.在已学会的编程基础上，学习其他编程语言并进行程序编写； 4.使用适合的人机互动设备，并学习界面的制作方法； 5.在完成以上的两个步骤后，还需设计出整体的气路及电路原理图。 研究手段（途径）： 1.在指导老师的辅导下掌握一些技术信息； 2.充分利用现在信息化社会，在网上寻找相关资源； 3.可以在学校图书馆查阅相关资料，整理汇总和运用到毕业设计中； 4.根据以往的竞赛经验设计合理的硬件图； 5.理论与实际相结合使用提供的设备经行调试。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：综述内容较为丰富，概括了课题相关的研究内容的相关背景、基础知识、历史发展等，同时还对本课题所研究的任务进行了一定的阐述，对本课题的研究有一定的指导意义。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题涉及一个小型自动化生产线电气控制系统部分的设计，技术相对成熟，深度中等，但是涉及到的知识面较广，例如传感器技术、气动技术、电机控制、变频器技术、触摸屏等技术，学生可以通过实例调研，查阅专业资料，进行系统调试，来实现最终的设计任务和结果，并对自己的专业应用能力是一个非常大的提高。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 03 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 04 日0译文题目： Basic PLC Programming Basic PLC Programming Chapter 1PLC Introduce1.1 IntroduceA group of engineers General Motors in 1968 was developed the first Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), when the companies were in search of an alternative to substitute complex relay control systems. The new control system had to meet the following requirements: Simple programming Program changes without system intervention and there is no internal rewiring Simple, low cost maintenance Smaller, cheaper and more reliable than corresponding relay control systems1Consequent development resulted in a system, which allowed the binary signals simple connection. The conditions as to how these signals were to be linked were identified in the control program. It became feasible for the first time to plan signals on a display and to file these in electronic memories in this new systems. Three decades have left behind, during which the massive progress developed in the microelectronics development did not stop short of PLC. For example, even if program optimization and hence a reduction of required capacity of memory firstly still characterized a vital key task for the programmer, currently this is hardly of any importance. Furthermore, the functions range has grown significantly. Some years ago, analogue processing, process visualization or even the PLC utilization as a controller, were considered as Utopian. Presently, these functions support forms a fundamental part of many PLCs.1.2 Areas of application of a PLCEvery machine or system has a controller. Dependent on the technology type used, controllers can be separated into hydraulic, pneumatic, electronic and electrical 2controllers. Often, a mixture of different technologies is applied. Moreover, differentiation is created between hard-wired programmable (e.g. wiring of electro-mechanical or electronic components) and PLCs. The initial is utilized principally in cases, where any reprogramming by the user is out of the query and the task size guarantees the development of a special controller.Characteristic applications for such controllers can be found in cars, video cameras, and automatic washing machines. Nevertheless, if the task size does not guarantee the development of a special controller or if the user is to include the facility of setting timers and counters, or of making easy or independent program changes, then a universal controller use, where the program is written to a memory of electronic, is the ideal option? The PLC stands for such a universal controller. It can be applied for different applications and, through the program installed in its memory, offers the user with an easy means of changing, expanding and optimizing control processes.The creative task of a PLC engaged the input signals interconnection along with a specified program and, if “true“, to switch the corresponding output. Boolean algebra forms the basis of mathematical for this operation, which recognizes accurately two defined statuses of one variable: “0“ and “1“. Consequently, an output can only think these two statuses. For example, a linked motor could thus be either switched on or off, i.e. controlled.3This function has coined the name PLC: Programmable logic controller, i.e. the behavior of input/output is related to that of a pneumatic switching valve or electromagnetic relay controller; the program is saved in a memory of electronic. However, the PLC tasks have quickly multiplied: the functions of timer and counter, setting and resetting of memory, mathematical computing operations all stand for functions, which can be implemented by practically any of PLCs nowadays.The requirement to be met by PLCs continued to grow up in line with their speedily spreading usage and the automation technology development. Visualization is the representation statuses of machine for instance the control program being executed, through display or monitor. Also controlling, i.e. the facility to intervene in control processes or, alternatively, to make such intervention by unauthorized persons impossible. It also became required to interconnect and harmonize individual systems controlled via PLC by means of automation technology. Therefore a master computer makes easy the means to issue higher-level commands for program processing to some PLC systems.The networking of some PLCs as well as that of a master computer and PLC is affected through special communication interfaces. To this effect, a lot of the more current PLCs are well-matched with open, standardized bus systems, for instance Profibus to EN 50170.1.3 Basic design of a PLCThe programmable logic controller (PLC) term is defined by EN 61131-1 (IEC 61131-1): A digitally operating electronic system, designed for use in an industrial environment, which uses a programmable memory for the internal storage of user-oriented instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic, to control, through digital or analogue inputs and outputs, various types of machines or processes. Both the PC and its associated peripherals are designed so that they can be easily integrated into an industrial control system and easily used in all their intended functions.“4A PLC is consequently nothing more than a computer, modified specifically for firm control tasks. The input module function is to convert incoming signals into signals, which can be processed by the PLC, and to pass these to the central control unit. The reverse task is executed by an output module. This converts the PLC signal into signals appropriate for the actuators. The actual signals processing is affected in the central control unit in compliance with the program saved in the memory. The PLC program can be created in a variety of methods: through assembler kind instructions in statement list, in higher-level, problem-oriented languages for example structured text or in the form of a flow chart such as represented by a sequential function chart. In Europe, the use of function block diagrams based on function charts with graphic symbols for logic gates is extensively used. In America, the ladder diagram is the chosen language by users.Chapter 2Mitsubishi MELSEC-F Programmable Controller2.1 Introduction to FX Series Programmable Controller2.1.1 OverviewThis chapter gives the explanation on all aspects of operation and programming for FX, FX2C, FX0N, FX0S, FX0, FX2N, and FX2NC programmable controllers (PLCs). This is covers the functions of the highest specification PLC. For this reason, the following indicator is included to 5show which PLCs applies to:FX FamilyThis is a generic term which is often used to explain all programmable controllers without identifying individual types or model names.2.1.2 FXon CPU versionsOver time Mitsubishi adds newer and better features to develop and enhance the products. Because of the nature of PLCs, that can be likened to industrial computers, changes sometime occur within the units main CPU. These changes are similar to those experienced by office and home computer users, that is going to a version up processor. The following lists identify the CPU versions that had significant upgrades or new functions and features added.FX0N CPU versions CPU Ver 1.20 the folowing features were added: software control for protocol 1 and 4 communications with the FX0N-485ADP, 1:N network. CPU Ver 1.40 the following features were added: software control for communications using the FX0N-485ADP, peer to peer (N:N) network.FX and FX2C CPU Versions CPU Ver 3.07 the following instructions were added: ASCI (FNC82), CCD (FN84), FLT (FNC49), HEX (FNC83), RS (FNC80), SE (FNC16), SORT (FNC69), SQR (FNC48) The following device ranges were upgraded: EI (FNC04), BMOV (FNC15), HSCS (FNC53), PLSY (FNC57), FMOV (FNC16), MEAN (FNC45), ABSD (FNC62), DSW (FNC72), SEGL(74), PR (FNC77). 6The following device ranges were added: input and output devices are independently addressable up to 256 points in software. Total combined input and output points is 256. Auxiliary relays increased to 1536 points (M0-M1535)Data registers increased to 1000 points (D0-D999)Optional RAM File Registers added 2000 points (D6000-D7999) Pointers increased to 128 points (P0-P127) CPU ver 3.11 The following instructions were added: PID (FNC88) CPU Ver 3.20 The following features were added: software control for protocol communications with the FX-485ADP, 1:N network. CPU Ver 3.30 The following features were added: software control for protocol communications with the FX-485ADP, 1:N network.The following instructions were removed: ANRD (FNC91), ANWR (FNC92), BLK (FNC97), MCDE (FNC98), MNET (FNC90).2.2 Basic Program Instructions2.2.1 What is a program?A program is a connected series of instructions written in a language that the PLC can understand. There are three forms of program format, instruction, ladder and SFC?STL. not all programming tools can work in all programming forms. Generally hand held programming panels only work with instruction format while most graphic programming tools will work with both instruction and ladder format. Specialist programming software will also allow SFC style programming.72.2.2 Start Programming GX DeveloperAfter installing GX developer on your PC you can start the program by selecting its entry StartProgramsMELSEC ApplicationGX Developer. This Displays the main program window:1. Title barThe title bar of the GX Developer FX program window shows the path and name of the current project. The usual buttons for minimizing and resizing the program window and exiting the program are located at the right hand end of the title bar.2. Menu barThe menu bar contains the menus that provide access to GX Developers functions. Clicking on a menu title displays a drop-down menu with a list of options that you can select.3. ToolbarsMany of the most frequently used program functions can be accessed directly 8with the tools (icons) in the toolbars.4. Status barThe status bar displays some useful information, including the current PLC type and editing mode. You can also activate and deactivate the status bar in the View menu.5. Editing screenThe editing screen is where you do your programming and documentation work. You can have multiple editing and dialog windows open at the same time.6. Project data listThe program, its documentation and the parameters for the FX controller are stored together in a project. The project data list shows the directories in which the components of the current project are stored. ProgramControllers in the MELSEC FX family can only process one program at a time. The default name assigned to this program is MAIN. You can rename MAIN if you want. To do this select the MAIN entry and then right click on it to display the context menu and select Rename.Device CommentYou can assign a comment to every PLC device. These comments can be displayed in the program. You can enter and edit these comments by opening the Device comment file in the project data list.ParameterDouble-clicking on PLC parameter in the project data list opens a dialog in which you can enter and adjust all the settings necessary for the operation of the PLC. The PLC parameters are transferred to the CPU together with the program.Device MemoryThe file stored in the Device memory directory can be used to enter default values for each of the CPUs data regist
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