炼钢电气控制系统设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的：通过毕业设计，使学生受到电气工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、安装、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。7. 撰写设计说明书或论文的能力。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：1.本设计应完成炼钢电气工艺流程分析，硬件电路设计，软件流程设计，软件源代码设计2.按时完成开题报告书。3.按时完成毕业设计外文参考资料。4.能够圆满完成指导老师布置的课题任务，设计方案合理，能够体现一定的创新性 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文），能详细说明设计步骤和思路； 2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5、要有软件源代码及软件流程。6、要求实物验证的过程视频证明设计的正确性 4主要参考文献： 1 三菱公司编 三菱 F2N 系列变频器设计手册2 郁汉琪主编 电气控制与可编程控制器应用技术M. 南京：东南大学出版社 20033 方承远主编 工厂电气控制技术（第 2 版）M. 北京：机械工业出版社，2000.4刘明超；Siemens PLC 在转炉炼钢自动控制系统的应用J，甘肃冶金，2010 年第 2 期5 王兆义主编，小行可编程序控制器实用技术M ， 北京：机械工业出版社19976孔继民；炼钢转炉加料系统的 PLC 控制J ，南钢科技； 2002 年第 1 期7黄云龙主编， 可编程序控制器教程M，北京：科学出版社出版.20078胡培； 李春霞；PLC 控制系统在炼钢生产中的应用J，自动化仪器仪表，2009 年第 6 期9陈钧；PLC 技术在炼钢自动化系统中的应用J ，电气时代，2007 年第 8 期10仇礼娟；PLC 与变频器在炼钢转炉倾动控制系统中的应用J，电工技术，2012 年第 2 期11三菱 FX 通讯手册，日本三菱公司12 廖常初主编，PLC 基础及应用M，北京：机械工业出版社出版,200113曲非非， PLC 应用技术 200 例M，北京：电子工业出版社.200313 陈在平编，可编程序控制器技术与应用系统设计M，北京：机械工业出版社，200314宋德玉主编，可编程序控制器原理及应用系统设计技术M，北京：冶金工业出版社出版,200815 电气简图用图形符号国家标准汇编，北京：中国标准出版社，2001.4 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.04-2015.11.282015.11.29-2015.12.162015.12.17-2016.01.102016.02.25-2016.03.092016.03.09-2016.04.282016.04.29-2016.05.092016.05.09-2016.05.132016.05.14-2016.05.21在毕业设计管理系统里选题与指导教师共同确定毕业设计课题查阅指导教师下发的任务书，准备开题报告提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲进行毕业设计（论文） ，填写中期检查表，提交论文草稿等按照要求完成论文或设计说明书等材料,提交论文定稿教师评阅学生毕业设计；学生准备毕业设计答辩参加毕业设计答辩，整理各项毕业设计材料并归档所在专业审查意见：通过 负责人： 2016 年 1 月 14 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000 字左右的文献综述： 这 个 社 会 在 发 展 ， 很 多 的 建 筑 、 机 器 等 都 需 要 钢 来 作 为 必 需 的 原 料 。 钢材 在 我 们 的 日 常 生 活 中 起 着 举 足 轻 重 的 一 个 作 用 ！ 有 建 筑 用 钢 、 汽 车 用 钢 、船 舶 用 钢 等 等 。 炼 钢 电 气 控 制 系 统 是 炼 钢 中 必 不 可 少 的 一 部 分 。 转 炉 作 为 主要 的 炼 钢 生 产 设 备 ,其 生 产 过 程 中 的 诸 多 工 艺 参 数 和 电 气 控 制 系 统 的 设 备 运行 参 数 ,例 如 氧 气 压 力 、 氧 枪 冷 却 水 的 压 力 及 流 量 ,氧 枪 冷 却 水 的 进 水 和 回水 温 度 ,操 作 氮 气 的 压 力 ,溅 渣 护 炉 的 氮 气 压 力 ,重 要 的 设 备 冷 却 部 分 炉 口和 托 圈 及 倾 动 轴 承 的 冷 却 水 压 力 及 温 度 ,等 等 是 生 产 正 常 进 行 的 重 要 参 考 依据 ； 而 电 控 系 统 的 母 线 电 压 、 氧 枪 和 倾 炉 驱 动 的 电 机 温 升 及 运 行 电 流 等 等 运行 参 数 正 常 与 否 ， 直 接 关 系 着 设 备 能 否 正 确 安 全 运 行 。随 着 现 在 PLC 技 术 的 日 益 提 高 成 熟 8， 我 们 能 使 用 PLC 编 程 程 序 导 入 ，对 转 炉 的 工 艺 加 工 进 行 控 制 ， 同 时 进 行 整 个 的 计 算 机 实 时 监 控 。一、转炉倾动系统的电气控制转 炉 倾 动 控 制 系 统 正 常 工 作 时 由 四 台 变 频 器 控 制 相 应 的 电 机 共 同 拖 动 转炉 ， 当 四 台 变 频 器 中 有 一 台 故 障 的 时 候 备 用 的 变 频 器 能 够 迅 速 的 自 动 启 动 ，拖 动 负 载 。 转 炉 倾 动 是 一 个 大 10惯 性 的 位 势 负 载 ， 要 求 传 动 系 统 有 很 好 的低 速 起 动 性 能 ， 同 时 要 求 电 机 和 变 频 器 要 有 较 强 的 过 载 能 力 和 电 机 的 输 出 转矩 能 够 平 衡 分 配 。 变 频 器 主 从 控 制 方 式 的 选 择 可 以 通 过 上 位 机 的 plc 程 序设 置 ， 也 可 以 通 过 变 频 器 的 控 制 面 板 设 置 。二、转炉氧枪电气控制系统氧枪是转炉的核心设备之一 9，在整个炼钢过程中，氧枪枪位是一个非常重要的参数，也是炼钢工艺控制的关键，因为它直接关系到炼钢过程中的脱碳、造渣、升温以及喷溅的发生，但由于氧枪定位控制系统工艺复杂、操作繁琐、联锁保护较多，因此，氧枪运行的安全性、稳定性、可靠性、操作简单以及定位的准确性都是顺利完成冶炼的先决条件，控制必须体现上述特点，才能使得炼钢过程平稳进行。三、建立自动监控系统为解决现场通讯总线太长的问题，可以采用先进的现场总线控制系统和相关总控制线技术，实现“集中管理，分散控制“的目的。同时根据系统运行情况，在适当的情况下，建立自动监控系统。在工作中，调试人员都负责着自己应负责的那部分工作，最后所需要的 PLC 程序也是由每一个单独负责一部分组合而成的。但这一工作模式会产生一个弊端，当 PLC 开展信息联络时，这 PLC 程序当中的某个程序会影响到系统的整体性能，使之无法统一到一个大的项目中来，这样依赖就特别容易发生信息丢失的情况。可以在监控站上安装所需要的软件，达到整合 PLC 程序目的，形成一个较大的系统，既优化了系统，也提高了管理效率。整套系统投运运行稳定可靠 4,抗干扰技术的合理化应用保证了 PLC 设备和通讯网络在恶劣环境中的安全畅行。PLC 程序故障诊断、在线监控和修改技术,方便了程序维护,开放的、标准的 Profibus DP 现场总线增强了系统的扩展能力。整套系统自动化水平高、操作间接方便、报警明了清晰、故障率低、维护量小,达到国内外先进水平。参考文献：1 三菱公司编 三菱 F2N 系列变频器设计手册2 郁汉琪主编 电气控制与可编程控制器应用技术M. 南京：东南大学出版社 20033 方承远主编 工厂电气控制技术（第 2 版）M. 北京：机械工业出版社，2000.4刘明超；Siemens PLC 在转炉炼钢自动控制系统的应用J，甘肃冶金，2010年第 2 期5 王兆义主编，小行可编程序控制器实用技术M ， 北京：机械工业出版社 19976孔继民；炼钢转炉加料系统的 PLC 控制J ，南钢科技； 2002 年第 1 期7黄云龙主编， 可编程序控制器教程M，北京：科学出版社出版.20078胡培； 李春霞；PLC 控制系统在炼钢生产中的应用J，自动化仪器仪表，2009 年第 6 期9陈钧；PLC 技术在炼钢自动化系统中的应用J ，电气时代， 2007 年第 8 期10仇礼娟；PLC 与变频器在炼钢转炉倾动控制系统中的应用J，电工技术，2012 年第 2 期11三菱 FX 通讯手册，日本三菱公司12 廖常初主编，PLC 基础及应用M，北京：机械工业出版社出版,200113曲非非， PLC 应用技术 200 例M，北京：电子工业出版社.200313 陈在平编，可编程序控制器技术与应用系统设计M，北京：机械工业出版社，200314宋德玉主编，可编程序控制器原理及应用系统设计技术M，北京：冶金工业出版社出版,200815 电气简图用图形符号国家标准汇编，北京：中国标准出版社，2001.4毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 本课题要研究或解决的问题是：1.如何对系统的硬件设备进行选择，如何对硬件电路进行研究规划；2.在一定的基础上，如何进行程序编程；3.在完成上述两个步骤后，还需考虑怎样设计出能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明。研究手段（途径）：1.去图书馆查阅相关资料，经过汇总，作为参考资料；2.充分利用网络资源，进行相关信息的搜索；3.多结合同学间的互助展开对课题的研究；4.理论联系实际，利用学校创新实验室中的设备进行模拟仿真。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：文献综述在广泛参考文献的基础上，论述了 plc 在炼钢系统中的应用，主要探讨了炼钢工艺中的氧枪和转炉倾动以及监控系统情况。论述体现了炼钢的工艺现实情况。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题涉及到电气控制与 PLC、电机学、变频器等多门学科知识，论文的范围很广。要求学生深入学习和应用 PLC 来实现相关的工艺，具有一定的深度。只要经过学生的认真工作，是能够按时完成毕业设计。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意指导教师： 2016 年 02 月 29 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 08 日0译文题目：Oxygen converter and energy conservation and emissions reduction氧气转炉炼钢及节能减排 Oxygen converter and energy conservation and emissions reductionHISTORY OF THE BASIC OXYGEN STEELMAKING PROCESSBasic Oxygen Steelmaking is unquestionably the “son of Bessemer“, the original pneumatic process patented by Sir Henry Bessemer in 1856. Because oxygen was not available commercially in those days, air was the oxidant. It was blown through tuyeres in the bottom of the pear shaped vessel. Since air is 80% inert nitrogen, which entered the vessel cold but exited hot, removed so much heat from the process that the charge had to be almost 100% hot metal for it to be autogenous. The inability of the Bessemer process to melt significant quantities of scrap became an economic handicap as steel scrap accumulated. Bessemer production peaked in the U.S. in 1906 and lingered until the 1960s.There are two interesting historical footnotes to the original Bessemer story:William Kelly was awarded the original U.S. patent for pneumatic steelmaking over Bessemer in 1857. However, it is clear that Kellys “air boiling“ process was conducted at such low blowing rates that the heat generation barely offset the heat losses. He never developed a commercial process for making steel consistently.Most European iron ores and therefore hot metal was high in sulfur and phosphorus and no processes to remove these from steel had been developed in the 1860s. As a result, Bessemers steel suffered from both “hot shortness“ (due to sulfur) and “cold shortness“ (due to phosphorus) that rendered it unrollable. For his first 1commercial plant in Sheffield, 1866, Bessemer remelted cold pig iron imported from Sweden as the raw material for his hot metal. This charcoal derived pig iron was low in phosphorus and sulfur, and (fortuitously) high in manganese which acted as a deoxidant. In contrast the U.S. pig iron was produced using low sulfur charcoal and low phosphorus domestic ore. Therefore, thanks to the engineering genius of Alexander Holley, two Bessemer plants were in operation by 1866. However, the daily output of remotely located charcoal blast furnaces was very low. Therefore, hot metal was produced by remelting pig iron in cupolas and gravity feeding it to the 5 ton Bessemer vessels.The real breakthrough for Bessemer occurred in 1879 when Sidney Thomas, a young clerk from a London police court, shocked the metallurgical establishment by presenting data on a process to remove phosphorus (and also sulfur) from Bessemers steel. He developed basic linings produced from tar-bonded dolomite bricks. These were eroded to form a basic slag that absorbed phosphorus and sulfur, although the amounts remained high by modern standards. The Europeans quickly took to the “Thomas Process“ because of their very high-phosphorus hot metal, and as a bonus, granulated the phosphorus-rich molten slag in water to create a fertilizer. In the U.S., Andrew Carnegie, who was present when Thomas presented his paper in London, befriended the young man and cleverly acquired the U.S. license, which squelched any steelmaking developments in the South where high phosphorus ores are located.Although Bessemers father had jokingly suggested using pure oxygen instead of air, this possibility was to remain a dream until “tonnage oxygen“ became available at a reasonable cost. A 250 ton BOF today needs about 20 tons of pure oxygen every 40 minutes. Despite its high cost, oxygen was used in Europe to a limited extent in the 1930s to enrich the air blast for blast furnaces and Thomas converters. It was also used in the U.S for scarfing and welding.The production of low cost tonnage oxygen was stimulated in World War II by the German V2 rocket program. After the war, the Germans were denied the right to 2manufacture tonnage oxygen, but oxygen plants were shipped to other countries. The bottom tuyeres used in the Bessemer and Thomas processes could not withstand even oxygen-enriched air, let alone pure oxygen. In the late 1940s, Professor Durrer in Switzerland pursued his prewar idea of injecting pure oxygen through the top of the vessel. Development now moved to neighboring Austria where developers wanted to produce low nitrogen, flat-rolled sheet, but a shortage of scrap precluded open hearth operations. Following pilot plant trials at Linz and Donawitz, a top blown pneumatic process for a 35 ton vessel using pure oxygen was commercialized by Voest at Linz in 1952. The nearby Dolomite Mountains also provided an ideal source of material for basic refractories.The new process was officially dubbed the “LD Process“ and because of its high productivity was seen globally as a viable, low capital process by which the war torn countries of Europe could rebuild their steel industries. Japan switched from a rebuilding plan based on open hearths to evaluate the LD, and installed their first unit at Yawata in 1957.Two small North American installations started at Dofasco and McLouth in 1954. However, with the know-how and capital invested in 130 million tons of open hearth capacity, plans for additional open hearth capacity well along, cheap energy, and heat sizes greater by an order of magnitude (300 versus 30 tons), the incentive to install this untested, small-scale process in North America was lacking. The process was acknowledged as a breakthrough technically but the timing, scale, and economics were wrong for the time. The U.S，which manufactured about 50% of the worlds total steel output, needed steel for a booming post-war economy.There were also acrimonious legal actions over patent rights to the process and the supersonic lance design, which was now multihole rather than single hole. Kaiser Industries held the U.S. patent rights but in the end, the U.S. Supreme Court supported lower court decisions that considered the patent to be invalid.3Nevertheless, the appeal of lower energy, labor, and refractory costs for the LD process could not be denied and although oxygen usage in the open hearth delayed the transition to the new process in the U.S., oxygen steelmaking tonnage grew steadily in the 1960s. By 1969, it exceeded that of the open hearth for the first time and has never relinquished its position as the dominant steelmaking process in the U.S. but the name LD never caught on in the U.S.Technical developments over the years include improved computer models and instrumentation for improved turn-down control, external hot metal desulfurization, bottom blowing and stirring with a variety of gases and tuyeres, slag splashing, and improved refractories.1. IntroductionAccounting for 60% of the worlds total output of crude steel, the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process is the dominant steelmaking technology. In the U.S., that figure is 54% and slowly declining due primarily to the advent of the “Greenfield“ electric arc furnace (EAF) flat-rolled mills. However, elsewhere its use is growing.There exist several variations on the BOS process: top blowing, bottom blowing, and a combination of the two. This study will focus only on the top blowing variation.The Basic Oxygen Steelmaking process differs from the EAF in that it is autogenous, or self-sufficient in energy. The primary raw materials for the BOP are 70-80% liquid hot metal from the blast furnace and the balance is steel scrap. These are charged into the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) vessel. Oxygen (99.5% pure) is “blown“ into the BOF at supersonic velocities. It oxidizes the carbon and silicon contained in the hot metal liberating great quantities of heat which melts the scrap. There are lesser energy contributions from the oxidation of iron, manganese, and phosphorus. The post combustion of carbon monoxide as it exits the vessel also transmits heat back to the bath.4The product of the BOS is molten steel with a specified chemical anlaysis at 2900F-3000F. From here it may undergo further refining in a secondary refining process or be sent directly to the continuous caster where it is solidified into semifinished shapes: blooms, billets, or slabs.Basic refers to the magnesia (MgO) refractory lining which wears through contact with hot, basic slags. These slags are required to remove phosphorus and sulfur from the molten charge.BOF heat sizes in the U.S. are typically around 250 tons, and tap-to-tap times are about 40 minutes, of which 50% is “blowing time“. This rate of production made the process compatible with the continuous casting of slabs, which in turn had an enormous beneficial impact on yields from crude steel to shipped product, and on downstream flat-rolled quality.2. Basic OperationBOS process replaced open hearth steelmaking. The process predated continuous casting. As a consequence, ladle sizes remained unchanged in the renovated open hearth shops and ingot pouring aisles were built in the new shops. Six-story buildings are needed to house the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) vessels to accommodate the long oxygen lances that are lowered and raised from the BOF vessel and the elevated alloy and flux bins. Since the BOS process increases productivity by almost an order of magnitude, generally only two BOFs were required to replace a dozen open hearth furnaces.Some dimensions of a typical 250 ton BOF vessel in the U.S. are: height 34 feet, outside diameter 26 feet, barrel lining thickness 3 feet, and working volume 8000 cubic feet. A control pulpit is usually located between the vessels. Unlike the open hearth, the BOF operation is conducted almost “in the dark“ using mimics and screens to determine vessel inclination, additions, lance height, oxygen flow etc.5Once the hot metal temperature and chemical analaysis of the blast furnace hot metal are known, a computer charge models determine the optimum proportions of scrap and hot metal, flux additions, lance height and oxygen blowing time.A “heat“ begins when the BOF vessel is tilted about 45 degrees towards the charging aisle and scrap charge (about 25 to 30% of the heat weight) is dumped from a charging box into the mouth of the cylindrical BOF. The hot metal is immediately poured directly onto the scrap from a transfer ladle. Fumes and kish (graphite flakes from the carbon saturated hot metal) are emitted from the vessels mouth and collected by the pollution control system. Charging takes a couple of minutes. Then the vessel is rotated back to the vertical position and lime/dolomite fluxes are dropped onto the charge from overhead bins while the lance is lowered to a few feet above the bottom of the vessel. The lance is water-cooled with a multi-hole copper tip. Through this lance, oxygen of greater than 99.5% purity is blown into the mix. If the oxygen is lower in purity, nitrogen levels at tap become unacceptable.The BOS has been a pivotal process in the transformation of the U.S. steel industry since World War II. Although it was not recognized at the time, the process made it possible to couple melting with continuous casting. The result has been that melt shop process and finishing mill quality and yields improved several percent, such that the quantity of raw steel required per ton of product decreased significantly.The future of the BOS depends on the availability of hot metal, which in turn depends on the cost and availability of coke. Although it is possible to operate BOFs with reduced hot metal charges, i.e. 70%, there are productivity penalties and costs associated with the supply of auxiliary fuels. Processes to replace the blast furnace are being constantly being unveiled, and the concept of a hybrid BOF-EAF is already a reality at the Saldahna Works in South Africa. However, it appears that the blast furnace and the BOS will be with us for many decades into the future.6The American Iron and Steel Institute acknowledges, with thanks, the contributions of Teresa M. Speiran, Senior Research Engineer, Refractories and Bruce A. Steiner, Senior Environmental Advisor, Collier Shannon Scott PLLC.3. Approach to current problems3.1.Structure Optimization of current Steelmaking processOutdated production capacity takes up large proportions of energy consumption and pollution, so weeding out outdated production capacity is the key of improvement of energy conservation and emissions reduction of iron and steel industry in China. Besides, advanced technology should be promoted to apply in the industry, such as dry quenching coke technology, which could recycle 80% of sensible heat, equal to 35% 40% of total energy consumption of coking, of hot coke, letting down from coke oven. The technology could improve the quality of coke, energy conservation, and ameliorate environment. Dry dust-removing technology in blast furnace and converter should be popularized in steelmaking industry, conducive to reducing pollution. In the iron and steed industry, many advanced technology, such as concentrate discharging, coal injection by Oxygen enriched air, improving top pressure of BF and these feasible technology mentioned above, should be popularized vigorously. In addition, the steelmaking process structure should be optimized reasonably, e.g. hot delivery and hot charging technology in continuous casting and rolling should be popularized instead of these traditional outdated technologies. These compact process help reduce heat dissipation during mass transfer.3.2.Developing new Ironmaking technology Facing the increasingly exhausting resources and deteriorating environment, developing new Ironmaking technology urgently needed. At present, COREX has been industrialized in many countries, and HIsmelt is widely promoted throughout the world and not yet industrialized, but its potential strongpoint, such as flexibility in raw materials, lower environmental impact and lower capital &operating costs, etc., has also attracted the attention ofmetallurgical industry. According to analysis in theory, smelting high-phosphorus 7iron ore and ilmenite from southwest of China by the HIsmelt technology can receive desirable results. HIsmelt technology will be elaborated in detail as follows.4Smelting potential of HIsmelt technology4.1.Characteristics of applicability of Hismelt technology The first HIsmelt plant has been constructed in Kwinana, west Australia, and it ran smoothly by 2008, but suspended later due to financial crisis. The highlight of HIsmelt technology is oxygen enriched top-blowing top of smelt reduction vessel , creating a strong oxidation atmosphere in the smelt reduction vessel easily, which enforces the elements, combining with oxygen easy, to form oxidation compounds,which are stable in the slag.It is known to all that Chinese vanadium-titanium magnetite reserve more than 8 billion tons, ranking the third in the world and distributing mainly over Chengde district of Hebei Province and Panzhihua District of Sichuan Province. Yunnan Province is rich in ilmenite, more than 20 million tons. Besides, High-phosphorus iron ore mines distribute in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangsu Provinces of Yangtze River Valley and Inner Mongolia district in north China and reserve 7.45 billion tons, occupied 14.86% of total reserves. However, these iron ores are difficult to smelt in blast furnace, because the generation of Ti(C,N) would deteriorate the BF state and reduction atmosphere of BF are adverse to dephosphorization. The oxidation of HIsmelt process, causing by oxygen enriched top-blowing, would impel Ti or P to combine with oxygen to form stable compounds. Therefore, HIsmelt technology is expected to industrialize to exploit these lean iron ore. 4.2.Smelting potential of HIsmeltAs a new Ironmaking technology, HIsmelt has many strongpoint that BF does not possess, such as raw material flexibility, lower capital costs, operational flexibility, lower environmental impact and higher quality pig iron. The HIsmelt process, unlike blast furnaces, directly injects iron ore fines (no sinter, no pellets) and non-coking coal (no cokemaking), crushed and dried prior to injection into the smelt reduction vessel, which means coke ovens and sinter and/or pellet plants, necessary components 8of blast furnace Ironmaking, are eliminated in HIsmelt process and the breakthrough progression will greatly reduce the investment of the plant construction and environmental pollution for the coke and sinter making accounts for more than 70 percent of iron and steel plants pollution.Compared to the product of BF, molten iron produced by the HIsmelt process possesses characteristics of low content of phosphorus, titanium, silicon and so on, which ensure less slag steelmaking to get more interest. However, due to its oxidation atmosphere, the iron loss of HIsmeltprocess is more than that of blast furnace and sulfur content of pig iron is much higher, which requires external desulfurization of molten iron. Table 1 provides official data from Kwinana plant.From the data from Kwinana plant and laboratory experiments, it can be easily to conclude that elements, such as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and titanium, combine with oxygen stably. Just for strong oxidation atmosphere of SRV, molten iron produced by HIsmelt process possesses characteristics of low content of phosphorus, titanium, silicon and so on, which ensures less slag steelmaking to get more interest. But the iron loss of HIsmelt process is more than that of blast furnace and sulfur content of molten i
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